Key Components of Argumentative Writing Explained

Which of the following describes a key component of argumentative writing? A thoughtful use of rhetorical appeals to bolster the argument Which of the following describes a key component of argumentative writing? The writer supports her position on a debatable topic with reasoning and evidence. Which of the following describes a key component of argumentative writing? Counterarguments are considered and discussed. Angela, an officer with the Wildlife and Parks Department, is writing a proposal to members of the city government to urge them not to develop an area of nearby wetlands. Which approach should Angela use if she wants to appeal to logos? Providing facts about the benefits and values of various plant and animal species found in the wetlands Sookie is writing an essay for her history class using the classical argument model. She writes a thesis statement that clearly communicates her argument that the Great Depression would have continued if World War II had not stimulated the American economy. She provides background information on the economy during the Great Depression and how the economy was affected by war production. She also provides evidence that the economy was not improving just prior to World War II, nor was it expected to improve. Finally, she addresses two potential counterarguments to her thesis. Which component of the classical argument model has Sookie neglected? Concluding her essay appropriately Alexander is entering an essay competition for the topic "Does voting matter?" He decides to use the classical argument model for his essay. At the end of his introduction, he writes a thesis statement in which he argues that people should vote because recent elections have been decided by very small margins. His body paragraphs discuss counterarguments to his viewpoint that voting does, in fact, matter. Finally, he concludes by urging his readers to vote in their next election. Which component of the classical argument model has Alexander forgotten? Providing an evidence-based discussion of his claim

Victoria wants to persuade her readers not only to agree with her position that the minimum wage should be increased, but to take some action, so she has chosen the classical argument model for her essay. She has provided background information on the history of the minimum wage in the United States, the large numbers of adult workers who earn it, and evidence that shows it is not a livable wage for families. In her conclusion, Victoria will explain how her readers can get involved in the movement. Which component of the classical argument model has Victoria forgotten? Refuting the opposing viewpoints A newspaper reporter wants to analyze a position paper issued by the mayor's office. What is one activity that be should completed during the analysis? Ariel was assigned an essay to analyze for her English class. She found the instruction sheet the teacher had provided and read the list of guidelines for analyzing an argument. Next, Ariel began to read the essay and underlined the thesis statement. Choose one additional activity that Ariel should complete as she analyzes the argumentative essay. Summarize the argument in her own words, and ask herself if she agrees with it. Jefferson disagrees with a recent article in his school newspaper that argues for a stricter dress code. He wants to write a rebuttal, but in order to do so effectively, he first must fully analyze the article and its argument. What is one activity that Jefferson must complete as he analyzes the article?

Jefferson disagrees with a recent article in his school newspaper that argues for a stricter dress code. He wants to write a rebuttal, but in order to do so effectively, he first must fully analyze the article and its argument. What is one activity that Jefferson must complete as he analyzes the article? Determine whether the author's evidence is credible and sufficient to support the argument. Angela works for the Wildlife and Parks Department and has been tasked with responding to the city’s proposal to build a hotel near protected wetlands. The Department’s position is that the city should not build on the location for environmental reasons. Select an argumentative thesis statement that could support this argument. Angela works for the Wildlife and Parks Department and has been tasked with responding to the city’s proposal to build a hotel near protected wetlands. The Department’s position is that the city should not build on the location for environmental reasons. Select an argumentative thesis statement that could support this argument. Wetlands are a critical component of the local ecosystem; therefore, development on them needs to be halted. Angela works for the Wildlife and Parks Department and has been tasked with responding to the city’s proposal to build a hotel near protected wetlands. The Department’s position is that the city should not build on the location for environmental reasons. Select an argumentative thesis statement that could support this argument. Environmental factors such as insects, humidity, and unstable ground make the wetlands a poor location for a hotel. Angela works for the Wildlife and Parks Department and has been tasked with responding to the city’s proposal to build a hotel near protected wetlands. The Department’s position is that the city should not build on the location for environmental reasons.

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Select an argumentative thesis statement that could support this argument. Building a hotel near the wetlands will permanently damage their delicate ecosystem. Despite the looming budget cuts, the public library's current level of funding should be continued because it provides important programming to community members of all ages. Consider the thesis statement above. Which of the following sentences best supports the thesis statement? Despite the looming budget cuts, the public library's current level of funding should be continued because it provides important programming to community members of all ages. Consider the thesis statement above. Which of the following sentences best supports the thesis statement? More than 2,000 children attended storytime programs at the library over the last 10 years. Even though the health benefits of an organic diet are clear, it's a luxury that many Americans cannot afford. Consider the thesis statement above. Which of the following sentences best supports the thesis statement? At my local grocery store, organic apples cost 50% more than non-organic apples. For an argumentative essay that opposes the use of animals as scientific test subjects, which of the following is the best source to use as researched evidence? A recent scholarly journal article that provides relevant background information on the ethical issues related to animal testing This source is current, relevant, and presumably unbiased because it is from a scholarly journal. Therefore, it is likely a good source. For an argumentative essay in favor of requiring newly-constructed buildings to incorporate solar panels, which of the following is the best source to use as researched evidence? A graph from a 2018 scientific journal that depicts the amount of pollution that

can be prevented by using solar panels This source is current, relevant, and presumably unbiased because it is from a scientific journal. Therefore, it is likely a good source. Jeremy is writing an essay arguing that references in Shakespeare's play Richard III are evidence that the play was written by someone else. Which of the following is an example of a primary source for his essay? Shakespeare's play Richard III This is, in fact, a primary source because it is original writing central to the topic that can be analyzed. Qasim is writing an essay that claims that increased taxation was the primary cause of the American Revolution. Which of the following is an example of a secondary source for his essay? A scholarly article about the events leading up to the Revolutionary War Maxine is writing an essay about the global flu epidemic of 1918. Which of the following is an example of a tertiary source for her essay? An encyclopedia article about the 1918 flu Why can it be a good idea to search for print research sources early? Because print sources may need to be acquired through an interlibrary loan, which can take time. Which of the following best describes the process of finding sources for a research paper? It is a process of discovery that often involves multiple searches with an evolving set of search terms. Leon is writing an argumentative essay in favor of stronger gun control laws in the United States. He wants to refute the counterargument that criminals can get guns no matter what the laws are. Choose the best response to the counterargument. Just because we cannot completely eliminate access to guns does not mean we should do nothing.

Leon effectively responds to the counterargument because he represents it with respect and then explains why that viewpoint does not invalidate his own argument. Glen is writing an argumentative essay in favor of drug testing potential employees as part of the hiring process. Which of the following would be the best way for Glen to respond to a possible counterargument? Some say random drug testing is an intrusive and degrading process, but it is no more intrusive than providing a urine sample at the doctor’s office. The hare often made fun of the turtle’s short legs and slow pace until one day the turtle claimed that he could beat the hare in a race. The hare laughed heartily but agreed to the race. On the appointed day, the hare ran circles around the turtle who ignored him and kept up a slow but steady pace toward the finish line. The hare decided to take a nap. Which option best paraphrases the story without altering its meaning? The hare teased the turtle about being so slow, and the turtle suggested a race, which made the hare laugh. The turtle just walked toward the end of the race while the hare thought he had time to nap. The fox one day thought of a plan to amuse himself at the expense of the stork, at whose odd appearance he was always laughing. "You must come and dine with me today," he said to the stork, smiling to himself at the trick he was going to play. The stork gladly accepted the invitation and arrived in good time and with a very good appetite. Which option best paraphrases the story without altering its meaning? The fox decided to play a trick on the stork because he thought he was funny- looking and enjoyed laughing at him. He invited him to dinner, and the stork arrived on time and hungry. Which option underlines the author's use of translation? School uniforms are common in a number of countries. However, according to Adam Harrison (2014), a sociologist in the field of childhood socialization, "School uniforms prevent students from expressing their individuality and may actually harm children's self-esteem" (p. 38). This means that by requiring school uniforms, schools may be negatively affecting a child's emotional and social development. Therefore, the school board's support for adopting a uniform is misguided. Translation is when a writer tells their readers what they think a quotation means. In the underlined sentence here, the author is doing just that.

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What is an explanation of the circumstances of a piece of text? Context What is a demonstration of how a piece of evidence supports a main point? Analysis Select the activity that would be considered unethical when using sources. Megan slightly changes the meaning of a quotation she found so that it works better within her essay. Select the activity that would be considered unethical when using sources. Patrick misrepresents a source in his essay, but only because doing so makes his claim seem stronger. Select the activity that would be considered unethical when using sources. Quotations must always be accurately represented, regardless of how well they support your argument. To do otherwise is an unethical use of sources. It is unethical to represent sources that, while they may be credible, offer extreme political views as if these views are mainstream. Just because your source is an informal one, or from Wikipedia or the dictionary doesn't mean that you don't have to acknowledge it. Select the quotation that is correctly formatted in APA style. “One of the most important things affirmative action can do is to define exactly what racial discrimination is and how it might manifest itself within a specific institution” (Steele, 2009, p. 123). This citation uses correct punctuation and includes the necessary information - author, publication year, and page number - for an in-text APA citation. Select the quotation that is correctly formatted in APA style. “Another option under consideration was to send Elizabeth abroad, like her fellow suspect in Wyatt’s rebellion, Edward Courtenay, who went into voluntary exile in Brussels soon after his release from confinement in 1555” (Somerset, 1991, p. 49).

Select the quotation that is correctly formatted in APA style. “Never had the conditions for a president-elect been so severe, and never had one seemed, by his credentials, so poorly prepared” (Shenk, 2005, p. 172). Select the reference page citation for an online article that is correctly formatted in APA style. Anagonye, O. (2018). Why no one talks about ancient civilizations anymore. Retrieved from http://fig.anciv.html. This citation uses correct punctuation and includes all of the necessary information - author, publication year, title, and URL - for a reference page APA citation for an online article. The first source, an article found online, is listed in this order: The author's last name and first initial The date when the website was last edited (included in the absence of an original publication date) The title of the article The URL where the article is located The next source is an article from a print journal, and is listed in the following order: The author's last name and first initial The publication date The title of the article, followed by the title of the journal in which it appears and the journal's volume number ("21") The pages on which the article is printed The third source is a book, and is listed as follows: The author's last name and first initial The publication date The book's title, the location where it was published, and the name of the publisher The fourth entry is for another online source, similar to the online source described above. It lists: The author's last name The date when the source was last edited The title of the webpage The URL

The last source was taken from an anthology. It lists: The author's name The publication date The title of the article The name of the editor of the anthology The title of the umbrella source The publisher's location and name Select the reference page citation for an article in a print journal that is correctly formatted in APA style. Fleischman, M. (2008). Spontaneous regeneration in invertebrates. Nature Today, 43, 117-129. The following annotated bibliography entry is in APA style: Dillard, Annie. (1974). Pilgrim at Tinker Creek. New York, NY: Harper and Row. In her book, Dillard writes, “When I see this way I analyze and pry. I hurl over rocks and roll away stones; I study the bank a square foot at a time, probing and tilting my head” (p. 31). This quote, and Dillard's other observations on p. 75 and p. 110, will support my working thesis that nature can be an effective treatment for some depressive illnesses. Which of the following describes the problem with the entry? The entry is missing a brief summary of the source. Baugh, A. & Cable, T. (1978). A history of the English language (3rd ed). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc. This book examines the history of the English language from the Middle Ages until modern times. It considers both the linguistic changes (e.g., how the Norman Conquest in 1066 affected the course that English ultimately took) and cultural changes, including the Renaissance and the Age of Reason. What is missing from the entry? The entry is missing an explanation of how the source will be useful. In addition to a brief summary of the source, an annotated bibliography requires a description of how the writer plans to use the source in his or her essay. This is

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missing from the entry. Sherwood, B. (2009) The book explores the factors that make some people survivors, and some people victims, of emergencies. The author relates true stories, followed by scientific facts and statistics, that really make you think. Why do some people freeze in panic and others jump into action when the unthinkable occurs? This book will be useful as a source for my essay when I write about survival rates in airplane disasters. What is missing from the entry? The bibliographic information is insufficient for proper recordkeeping. Select the true statement about using your prewriting during drafting. Prewriting activities can help you to organize your ideas and sources, which can help make the drafting process more efficient. Select the true statement about using your prewriting during drafting. Doing prewriting activities, such as creating an outline, can help you draft an essay more quickly. Select the true statement about using your prewriting during drafting. Prewriting can be an effective way to get past writer's block and keep you focused during drafting. Prewriting can, in fact, be an effective way to help get past writer's block and stay focused during drafting. This is because prewriting helps you organize your ideas and sources, as well as generate new ideas. Writers of argumentative essays use both opinions and facts to support their arguments. Which of the following statements is a fact that should be cited? It is less expensive to take a bus from Boston to New York City than to ride the train. As a society, we shouldn't treat alcohol and drug addiction as the result of a lack of personal self-control.

Writers of argumentative essays use both opinions and facts to support their arguments. Which of the following statements is a fact that should be cited? Current rental prices in the city consume a third to a half of most renters' disposable income. This statement is a fact, meaning it can be verified. If you were using this fact to support an argument, the source would need to be cited. Read the following excerpt from President John F. Kennedy's 1962 speech at Rice University in Texas. The purpose of this speech was to persuade the American people to support an expanded space exploration program. .... To be sure, all this costs us all a good deal of money. This year's space budget is three times what it was in January 1961, and it is greater than the space budget of the previous eight years combined. That budget now stands at $5,400 million a year—a staggering sum, though somewhat less than we pay for cigarettes and cigars every year. Which type of rhetorical appeal is Kennedy using in this passage, and how do you know? Kennedy is using logos because he is using logic to rationalize the cost of the space program. Kennedy is making a logical appeal, as he explains the cost of the space program by comparing it to an everyday consumer good. Therefore, he is using logos. Read the following excerpt from President John F. Kennedy's 1962 speech at Rice University in Texas. The purpose of this speech was to persuade the American people to support an expanded space exploration program. I appreciate your [University] president having made me an honorary visiting professor, and I will assure you that my first lecture will be very brief. I am delighted to be here, and I'm particularly delighted to be here on this occasion. We meet at a college noted for knowledge, in a city noted for progress, in a State noted for strength, and we stand in need of all three, for we meet in an hour of change and challenge ....

Which type of rhetorical appeal is Kennedy using in this passage, and how do you know? Kennedy is using ethos because he is demonstrating his credibility as an honored guest of the University president, and he is appealing to the community's beliefs about itself. Kennedy is making an appeal to credibility by displaying his honored status. Moreover, he demonstrates that he shares in the community's beliefs about itself as a center of knowledge, progress, and strength. Therefore, he is using ethos.

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