French 1001-02 2

B.2.1 Self-Test: Regular Verb Conjugations Using the charts above, please add the ending ( la terminaison ) to the stem ( la racine ) of each verb. parler finir r´ epondre je parl fin r´ epond tu parl fin r´ epond il parl fin r´ epond nous parl fin r´ epond vous parl fin r´ epond ils parl fin r´ epond Your answers to B.2.1 should look like this: aime r´ eagis vends aimes r´ eagis vends aime r´ eagit vend aimons r´ eagissons vendons aimez r´ eagissez vendez aiment r´ eagissent vendent Check your answers to see that they exactly match the forms in the charts on the previous page, and then try three di ↵ erent verbs, one from each group: aimer r´ eagir vendre to like to react to sell je/j’ aim r´ eag vend tu aim r´ eag vend il aim r´ eag vend nous aim r´ eag vend vous aim r´ eag vend ils aim r´ eag vend Check your answers in the margin below. B.2.2 Self-Test: Verb Endings Answers to B.2.2: 1. e or s; 2. s; 3. e, t, or d; 4. ons; 5. ez; 6. ent You should immediately see that there are some similarities among these verb endings. Look at them carefully and answer the ques- tions. 1. What letter do the je forms end in? or 2. What letter do all the tu forms end in? 3. What letter do the il/elle forms end in? , , or 4. What 3 letters do all the nous forms end in? 5. What 2 letters do the vous forms end in? 6. What 3 letters do the ils/elles forms end in? You can see that in many cases, the verbs have the same types of endings, that is, they end in the same letters. Although the actual terminaison may be di ↵ erent (e.g. -es or -s for tu forms, -ons or -issons for nous forms), if you understand the underlying patterns, you will have a far easier time remembering not only these regular patterns, but the irregular ones as well. 206 Chapter 3 Le travail et les loisirs e is s es is s e it 0ns issoins 0ns e. 2 issez ez ent issent ent e is s es is s e it 0ns issoins 01ns ez isse -2 ez ent issent eat egs et d 0ns ez eat

B.2.3 Regular -er Verbs Practicing conjugation An excellent way to practice verb endings on your own is simply to choose a regular verb and write it out several times as you do in this exercise. You can always check your answers at an online conjugater such as http://leconjugueur.lefigaro.fr/. Flashcards for vocabulary and verb forms are also very helpful for many people, but looking at material is never as e ↵ ective a study method as producing it yourself, so use flashcards to supplement your written practice, not replace it. You might try color-coding the endings on your flashcards if you are more visually oriented. There are many web sites where you can practice verbs online, for example the ex- cellent U Texas Austin site, http://laits.utexas.edu/fi/vp/, and apps available for smart phones. Try out various op- tions to see what best suits your learning style. travailler (to work) je tu il/elle nous vous ils/elles ´ etudier (to study) je tu il/elle nous vous ils/elles donner (to give) je tu il/elle nous vous ils/elles pratiquer (to practice) je tu il/elle nous vous ils/elles B.2.4 La classe de franc ¸ais As previously stated, in this chapter, we will be concentrating on -er verbs. This exercise contains only -er verbs in addition to ˆ etre and avoir , which you have already learned. Please complete the fol- lowing conversation by conjugating the verbs in parentheses. Note : The subject of the verb in the first sentence is les devoirs . –Madame, comment (ˆ etre) les devoirs dans ce cours? –Au d´ ebut, les devoirs (consister) en beau- coup de r´ ep´ etitions. Pour apprendre le vocabulaire, vous (utiliser) les mots dans des contextes appropri´ es. Pour la grammaire, vous (copier) les conjugaisons. –Est-ce qu’il (ˆ etre) di ffi cile d’avoir une bonne note? –Je (penser) que non. Quand les ´ etudiants (´ ecouter) et (parler) en classe, (travailler) ` a la maison, et (´ etudier) avant les examens, ils (avoir) de bonnes notes. Est-ce que vous (avoir) le temps de faire tout cela? –Oui, Madame. Je (ˆ etre) enthousiaste aussi; dans ma famille, nous (parler) espagnol, et je (avoir) envie de parler trois langues. –Alors, comme ¸ ca, vous allez bientˆ ot apprendre ` a parler fran¸ cais! 208 Chapter 3 Le travail et les loisirs travail le donne travail / es domes travail / e donne travail / ons donnons travail / ez donne -2 travail lent donnent " tudie pratique e- todies pratique étudie pratique e' studious pratiquons étudiez pratique -2 étudient pratiquent sont consistent utilises copiez est pense écoutent portent travail lent étu client ont auez suis parton S j ' ai

French English Je danse et Marie chante. I dance and Marie sings. Le professeur parle et nous ´ ecoutons. The teacher speaks and we listen. J’aime l’hiver parce que je skie beaucoup. I like winter because I ski a lot. Mon p` ere ´ ecoute la radio et chante. My father listens to the radio and sings. Grammar note : A conjunc- tion is a word like and , but , or , because in English, or et , mais , ou , parce que in French. Conjunctions join two par- allel grammatical structures. Schoolhouse Rock: Conjunc- tion Junction Note that all the conjugated verbs either have a subject of their own or follow a conjunction with the same subject implied for the two actions. B.3.1 How many conjugated verbs? Indicate how many verbs are conjugated in each sentence. Write the conjugated verb(s). Exemple: Il pr´ ef` ere dˆ ıner au restau- rant. 1: pr´ ef` ere 1. Je parle fran¸cais et italien. 2. J’aime parler fran¸cais. 3. Nous ´ ecoutons le professeur et r´ ep´ etons la phrase. 4. Tu veux aller au cin´ ema? 5. Georges n’aime pas faire des promenades. 6. Vous regardez beaucoup de t´ el´ e! 7. Ma m` ere pr´ epare le dˆ ıner parce qu’elle aime cuisiner. 8. Je voudrais dˆ ıner au restaurant italien. 9. Mon fr` ere d´ eteste ´ etudier mais ma soeur adore faire ses devoirs. B.3.2 To conjugate or not to conjugate? Hint : the conjugated verb and infinitive may be separated by a preposition such as `a or de . Look for a conjunction or a new subject before a verb to help you decide if it should be conju- gated. Remember, if you would translate the second verb as to X in English, it will be in the infinitive in French. All verbs in this exercise are given in parentheses in the infinitive form. Either conjugate each verb or leave it in the infinitive as necessary. Write out the entire sentence. Then write a translation of each sentence. Exemple: Nous (aimer) (parler) fran¸ cais. Nous aimons parler fran¸ cais. 1. Georges (d´ etester) les fruits. 2. Paul (aimer) (jouer) au foot, mais Marie (d´ etester) tous les sports. 3. Je (pr´ ef´ erer) (´ ecrire) un e-mail; je n’(aimer) pas (´ ecrire) des lettres. 4. Nous (regarder) la t´ el´ e et (dˆ ıner) dans le salon. 5. Est-ce que tu (avoir) besoin de (travailler) ce soir? 210 Chapter 3 Le travail et les loisirs parte aime écoutons répétons veux aime regardez prepare anime Vovdrais déteste adore . Georges de 't este les fruits . George hates fruit . Paul likes to play soccer , but Marie hates all sports . Paul aime jouer au foot , mais Marie déteste tous les sports . 4. we watch tv and eat I prefer to write email ; I don't like to write letters . dinner in the living room . se préfére ecrire un e-mail ;je n' aime pas écrire des lettres . 5. Do you need to work tonight ? Nous regard ons la télé et di nous dans le salon . Est - ce que tu as besoin de travail 1er ce Soir ?

6. Pauline (refuser) de (parler) anglais en classe. 7. Je (jouer) de la flˆute et mon mari (jouer) du saxophone. B.4 Yes/No Questions In chapter 1 (B.8, page 57), you were introduced to the three main ways to ask questions in French: intonation, inversion, and est-ce que . In this chapter, we would like you to begin using est-ce que and inversion to ask questions in French. Right now, you will focus on yes/no questions; that is, questions which will be answered by a “yes” or “no” answer. You will also understand and be able to answer questions requiring more information (who, why, what, etc.), and you will gradually become more familiar with them; in chapter 6, you will practice forming informational questions yourself. Questions with est-ce que To ask a question with est-ce que, you simply place Est-ce que in front of the subject of a declarative sentence. It does not matter whether the subject is a noun or a pronoun. Remember that est-ce que has no real meaning in the sentence; it simply signals that you are about to ask a question, just as the word do usually signals that a question is coming in English (e.g. Do you speak French? ). Est- ce que is pronounced [E sk@] – the “s” sound is from the ce , since the letters “st” in the verb est are silent. If the word immediately following “est-ce que” begins with a vowel or a silent h, you will change que to qu’ . Remember that this is called ´ elision . Observe the following examples. Phrase d´ eclarative Question Tu es fran¸cais. You are French. Est-ce que tu es fran¸cais? Are you French? Il est am´ ericain. He is American. Est-ce qu’il est am´ ericain? Is he American? Vous parlez fran¸cais. You speak French. Est-ce que vous parlez fran¸cais? Do you speak French? H´ el` ene aime le caf´ e. Helen likes co ↵ ee. Est-ce qu’H´ el` ene aime le caf´ e? Does Helen like co ↵ ee? Les professeurs sont stricts. The teachers are strict. Est-ce que les professeurs sont stricts? Are the teachers strict? B.4.1 Est-ce que vous comprenez? Transform the following sentences into questions using “est-ce que.” Pay attention to the proper punctuation of your question. For sim- plicity, in this exercise, do not change the subject given. That is, if the subject of the sentence is “tu,” the subject of your question should remain “tu.” Also give the English translation for each ques- tion. Section B Grammar 211 6. Pauline refuses to speak English in class . Pauline refuse de Parler anglais en Classe . Je jove de la flite et mon Marie joie de saxophone . I play the flute and my husband plays the saxophone .