u06a1-Unit 6 Assignment
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Capella University *
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Course
7708
Subject
English
Date
Dec 6, 2023
Type
docx
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2
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Essay Portion:
As Cooper et al. (2020) mentioned, punishment is when a response results from a stimulus change that
decreases the probability that a behavior will happen again. Cooper et al. (2020) also state that positive
punishment happens when, after a behavior, a stimulus is added or added to, and that decreases the
likelihood that the behavior will happen again. This is different from negative punishment because,
according to Cooper et al. (2020), after a behavior, a stimulus that was already there is taken away, and
that decreases the likelihood that the behavior will happen again. So, both types of punishment
decrease behavior. Positive means adding to a stimulus or adding a new stimulus. Negative means
reducing or getting rid of a stimulus that was present. Some interventions used with positive punishment
(adding a stimulus to decrease the behavior) are reprimands (a firm “No!” or “Stop!”), response blocking
(physically blocking as soon as behavior happens to stop behavior from finishing), and contingent
exercise (having to do a reaction that has nothing to do with the behavior) that add a stimulus to the
environment that has shown to decrease behaviors (Cooper et al., 2020). Some interventions used with
negative punishment (removing a stimulus to decrease the behavior) are nonexclusion time-out (the
behavior is present and the area is the same, but reinforcing items/events are removed), planned
ignoring (social reinforcers like attention and physical contact are removed), and contingent observation
(repositioning to observe the reinforcement happening but not getting to be involved) which all remove
the stimulus in or out of the environment to decrease behaviors (Cooper et al., 2020).
Positive Punishment:
Antecedent
Behavior
Consequence
Impact on future rates
of responding
Sharing time
The client does not
want to share
RBT says, “I will tell
your mom that you are
not sharing.”
The client begins to
share because of the
possibility of mom
being disappointed
Goes to the swimming
pool
Does not wear
sunscreen
Gets a bad sunburn
To avoid sunburn, the
person will wear
sunscreen
Negative Punishment:
Antecedent
Behavior
Consequence
Impact on future rates
of responding
Dad says, “come home
by 10:00.”
The son stays out till
midnight with friends
Parents ground the son
for the next five days
The sons will most
likely come home by 10
to not be grounded.
The water bill is due.
The tenet does not pay
The water is shut off,
and the tenet cannot
use it
The tenet pays the
water bill and
continues to pay it
every month
Reference
Cooper, J. O., Heron, T. E., & Heward, W. L. (2020).
Applied behavior analysis
(3rd ed.). Pearson.
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