Artificial Intelligence_chatGPT done
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Houston Community College *
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Course
1105
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English
Date
Dec 6, 2023
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docx
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Using Artificial Intelligence as a
Tool in Writing
1 I
NTRODUCTION
1.1 D
R
. P
ATTISON
’
S
OVERVIEW
(
NO
AI
BOTS
UTILIZED
IN
THE
CREATION
)
Artificial intelligence has permeated our lives in ways we could barely imagine even a decade ago.
Today,
we have robots that vacuum our homes.
We have automated assistants that tell us the time, the
weather, a joke, play music, or bring up facts with a simple “Hey Siri” or “Hey Alexa”.
We can adjust the
thermostat to our living spaces from devices no matter where in the world we happen to be.
We have
cars that can park themselves.
We have access to directions at the touch of our fingers to anywhere in
the world that has cell phone signal instead of stacks of paper maps to help us navigate. We have
watches that tell the time, play music, track your heart rate, and provide reminders and alerts. Just fifty
years ago, there were no electronics beyond the radio in a car.
Phones were wired into above ground
and buried communication lines.
No one ever “misplaced” the phone. Most watches had to be wound.
A digital watch with a quartz display was a new and exciting thing.
Fifty years ago, a computer took up
an entire room, had to be fed cards to run programs, and recorded data on reel-to-reel tapes.
Today,
your phone has more computing power than all the computers used to land man on the moon.
In
November 2022, OpenAI released ChatGPT, a chatbot that operates via Python coding using a large
language model.
GPT stands for
g
enerative p
re-trained t
ransformer
.
ChatGPT and Google Bard are forms of generative AI.
For a very “sky high” overview of the computer
science behind the technology, please click out to the video
How Chat GPT Works
.
A large language model is a neural network that relies on tranformers, an architecture invented by
Google. Click out to the video,
How Large Language Models Work
and
What is a Large Language Model?
for more details on large language models.
The initial release of ChatGPT, GPT-3.5, is available to users for free while the more advanced version,
GPT-4 (ChatGPT Plus) is available via subscription.
In this class, we will utilize the free version. ChatGPT
can be a powerful tool to save time in writing tasks but we do need to understand both its benefits and
its limitations.
1.2 C
HAT
GPT
S
O
VERVIEW
USING
THE
PROMPT
: W
RITE
AN
INTRODUCTION
TO
C
HAT
GPT
FOR
COLLEGE
STUDENTS
(3.5)
Welcome to the world of ChatGPT! As college students, you're likely already familiar with the
power of technology and its impact on our lives. ChatGPT represents a cutting-edge
development in the field of artificial intelligence and natural language processing. It's an AI-
powered chatbot that can engage in human-like conversations, answer questions, provide
information, and assist with various tasks.
ChatGPT is built on the foundation of GPT-3.5, a state-of-the-art language model developed by
OpenAI. This model has been trained on a vast corpus of text from the internet, making it a
treasure trove of information and linguistic capabilities. As of my last update in September 2021,
ChatGPT has been fine-tuned to offer a wide range of practical and educational applications.
Throughout your college journey, you'll encounter numerous situations where ChatGPT can be a
valuable resource. Whether you need help with research, essay writing, math problems,
programming code, or even just a friendly chat to relieve stress, ChatGPT is here to assist you.
In this introduction, we'll explore the capabilities and potential uses of ChatGPT, while also
touching on the ethical considerations surrounding AI technologies like this one. It's important to
understand the strengths and limitations of AI, as well as the responsible and ethical use of such
tools in your academic and personal life.
As we delve deeper into the world of ChatGPT, you'll discover how this AI can enhance your
college experience, streamline your tasks, and provide valuable insights. So, let's embark on this
journey together and explore the incredible possibilities that ChatGPT brings to your college life!
For Thought
: Which of these overviews was more interesting to read?
Which provided useful
information?
2 O
BJECTIVES
2.1 D
R
. P
ATTISON
’
S
O
BJECTIVES
FOR
THIS
LESSON
(
NO
AI
USED
)
The purpose of this exercise is to explore ChatGPT as a tool for writing.
It is not a replacement for your
own ability to think but it can help you identify content and develop the overall structure of a paper.
It
can also help you navigate the vast and often overwhelming wealth of information available at your
fingertips in professional databases.
This is a brand new tool and as such, the limits and pitfalls are not
entirely known.
Through this exercise, we will explore the following in the context of framing out your
microarray paper text.
1.
Determine the accuracy of the content ChatGPT generates.
2.
Ascertain if ChatGPT provides plagiarized language that can be picked up by a checker such as
Turnitin?
3.
Find out what happens when 200 students do very similar searches for an assigned paper and
load that content into Turnitin.
Will it appear that they plagiarized each other?
4.
Determine if citations created by ChatGPT are accurate?.
2.2 C
HAT
GPT
S
O
BJECTIVES
USING
THE
PROMPT
:
SUGGEST
OBJECTIVES
FOR
A
LESSON
ON
WRITING
A
SCIENTIFIC
PAPER
WITH
CHATGPT
3.5
Objectives for a Lesson on Writing a Scientific Paper with ChatGPT:
1.
Understanding the Structure
:
o
Students should be able to grasp the essential components of a scientific paper,
including the title, abstract, introduction, methodology, results, discussion, and
conclusion.
2.
Identifying a Research Question
:
o
Students should learn how to formulate a clear and focused research question or
hypothesis that guides their paper's content.
3.
Literature Review
:
o
Enable students to use ChatGPT to assist in conducting a comprehensive literature
review on their chosen topic, identifying relevant research, and citing sources
appropriately.
4.
Data Collection and Analysis
:
o
Teach students how to collect and analyze data, using ChatGPT for guidance on
data collection methods, statistical analysis, and data visualization techniques.
5.
Writing Techniques
:
o
Improve students' scientific writing skills, including the ability to convey complex
ideas clearly and concisely, use appropriate scientific terminology, and maintain a
formal writing style.
6.
Citation and Referencing
:
o
Instruct students on how to properly cite sources and create a bibliography using
various citation styles such as APA, MLA, or Chicago, with ChatGPT assisting in
generating citations.
7.
Peer Review and Revision
:
o
Encourage students to engage in peer review processes, both giving and receiving
constructive feedback, and then use ChatGPT to help with revising their papers
based on feedback.
8.
Plagiarism Awareness
:
o
Educate students about the importance of avoiding plagiarism and using ChatGPT
responsibly as a writing assistant. Teach them to cite sources correctly when
incorporating AI-generated content.
9.
Scientific Communication
:
o
Develop students' skills in communicating their research effectively, including
creating figures, tables, and graphs to present data clearly.
10.
Ethical Considerations
:
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o
Foster discussions on the ethical implications of AI in scientific writing,
addressing issues like authorship, transparency, and responsible use of AI tools.
11.
Time Management
:
o
Help students manage their time efficiently by utilizing ChatGPT to create
schedules, set milestones, and track progress during the research and writing
process.
12.
Presentation Skills
:
o
Teach students how to create compelling presentations based on their scientific
papers, including the use of visuals and effective oral communication skills.
13.
Peer Learning and Collaboration
:
o
Encourage collaboration among students by using ChatGPT as a collaborative
tool for brainstorming, sharing ideas, and collectively addressing research
challenges.
14.
Submission and Publication
:
o
Provide guidance on the process of submitting a scientific paper to journals,
conferences, or other publications, including formatting requirements and cover
letter composition.
15.
Critical Thinking
:
o
Promote critical thinking by discussing the strengths and limitations of AI in
scientific writing, helping students evaluate when and how to rely on AI-
generated content.
These objectives will ensure that students not only learn the fundamentals of writing a scientific
paper but also develop essential skills in research, critical thinking, collaboration, and ethical AI
usage in the academic context. ChatGPT can serve as a valuable tool to support these learning
outcomes throughout the scientific paper writing process.
For Thought:
Was the prompt a good one for creating objectives for a lesson to learn how to
use
ChatGPT for writing assignments?
Did it do a good job generating objectives for the prompt provided?
How might Dr. Pattison adjust the prompt to generate a list of objectives that better match the intention
of the assignment?
3
A
SSIGNMENT
INSTRUCTIONS
3.1
SET
UP
YOUR
ACCOUNT
We will use the free GPT3.5 version for this course, however, if you are a subscriber to the GPT-4 version,
please use that instead as it is a more powerful tool.
1.
Download this file and save it to your device.
You will record your answers in this document for
the assignment and upload the entire file when the assignment is complete.
Saving to the cloud
would be wise in case of device failure or theft.
2.
Open an internet browser and go to the
ChatGPT website
. Login if you have an account or sign
up.
3.2
HOW
ACCURATE
IS
C
HAT
GPT?
Sugar-signaling in
Arabidopsis thaliana
is complex.
You are not expected to be experts in this area so we
are going to start with a very simple example to look at accuracy of the information.
3.
Type in the prompt:
Write a 1 page biography for Dr. Donna Lynn Pattison. Copy and paste your
results below:
Dr. Donna Lynn Pattison, an esteemed member of the academic community at the University
of Houston, holds the position of Instructional Professor in the Department of Biology and
Biochemistry. She also serves as the Assistant Dean for Student Success in the College of
Natural Sciences and Mathematics (NSM) at the University. Dr. Pattison's office is located in
the Science Teaching Laboratory Building, reflecting her active role in the educational
framework of the institution.
Educationally, Dr. Pattison holds a Ph.D. from Rice University, a testament to her extensive
knowledge and expertise in her field. Her academic journey and achievements have equipped
her with the skills and insights necessary to guide students and contribute significantly to the
university's academic offerings.
In her role as Assistant Dean, Dr. Pattison has been instrumental in developing a wide range of
university policies, including those pertaining to Non-Tenure Track faculty. This involvement
highlights her commitment to improving the academic environment and ensuring equitable
practices within the university.
Dr. Pattison's contributions to academia are further emphasized by her impressive record of
being cited in numerous academic works, indicating a significant impact in her field of study.
Additionally, her publication record includes 12 notable publications, showcasing her active
engagement with research and scholarly discourse.
Dr. Pattison's work at the University of Houston places her at the forefront of academic
leadership, particularly in the fields of biology and biochemistry. Her role as a mentor and
educator underscores her dedication to student success and academic excellence within the
university community
4.
Let’s consider the accuracy of the statement. The true facts about Dr. Pattison are below.
Type in
“ChatGPT Correct” or “ChatGPT incorrect” or “not addressed” to next to each fact to indicate if
ChatGPT was accurate.
a.
Dr. Pattison is a molecular biologist.
Addressed
b.
Dr. Pattison was born in Baltimore, Maryland.
ADRESSED
c.
Dr. Pattison earned her Bachelor of Science Degree in Curriculum and Instruction at the
University of Maryland, College Park
. NOT ADRESSED
d.
Dr. Pattison earned a PhD from Rice University in Biochemistry and Cell Biology.
ADDRESSED
e.
Dr. Pattison completed postdoctoral training at Baylor College of Medicine in the
Department of Virology and Microbiology.
ADDRESSED
f.
Dr. Pattison has published in the area of student success programs, sugar-signaling,
biomaterials, and phage-display
.DRRESSED
g.
Dr. Pattison has taught at the University of Houston in the Department of Biology and
Biochemistry since 2004.
ADRRESSED
5.
Suggest some better prompts to ensure a more accurate biography for Dr. Pattison.
6.
How will you know if the material generated for your paper on the microarray assignment is
accurate?
What will you need to do in order to be confident of the paper you turn in if you use
ChatGPT or similar to assist you?
Narrowing the search field down, like writing the name of the
school and the department the doctor is from
3.3 B
EGINNING
THE
W
RITING
P
ROCESS
WITH
C
HAT
GPT
7.
Ask ChatGPT to write a 15 page microarray paper for you.
a.
Record the prompt you typed in:
write a 15 page essay
b.
Paste in the response ChatGPT provided.
Creating a 15-page microarray paper is a significant undertaking that requires in-depth research and
analysis. However, I can guide you through the process of structuring and writing the paper. Here's an
outline and some tips to help you get started:
Title
Choose a concise yet descriptive title that encapsulates the main focus of your research.
Abstract (1/2 page)
Summarize the key points of your research, including the background, methods, results, and
conclusions.
Introduction (2-3 pages)
Background: Provide context and background on microarray technology and its applications.
Purpose: Clearly state the purpose and objectives of your research.
Literature Review: Briefly discuss previous research in this area.
Materials and Methods (3-4 pages)
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Sample Preparation: Describe how samples were prepared and processed.
Microarray Procedure: Detail the microarray process used in your study (e.g., DNA microarrays, RNA
microarrays).
Data Acquisition: Explain how data was collected and processed.
Statistical Analysis: Describe the statistical methods used to analyze the data.
Results (3-4 pages)
Data Presentation: Present your findings with charts, graphs, and tables.
Data Interpretation: Explain what the results indicate in the context of your research question.
Discussion (2-3 pages)
Analysis: Discuss the significance of your findings.
Comparison: Compare your results with previous studies.
Limitations: Acknowledge any limitations of your study.
Implications: Explore the implications of your findings for the field.
Conclusion (1 page)
Summarize the main findings and their significance.
Suggest potential areas for future research.
References
Cite all the sources used in your research following the required citation style.
Tips for Writing:
Research Thoroughly: Ensure that you have a strong understanding of microarray technology and its
current applications.
Data Analysis: Be meticulous with your data analysis, as this is the core of your paper.
Academic Integrity: Ensure to cite all sources correctly to avoid plagiarism.
Revision: After completing your
draft, revise it several times for clarity, coherence, and conciseness.
c.
Is this result something you would hand in for credit?
Why or why not?
Answers should
be brief (3-5 sentences will suffice).
No because it only gives me an outline of what
exactly to write
d.
Save whatever was generated by ChatGPT to a separate document.
Upload it to Turnitin
using the ChatGPT First Prompt link.
Your TA will report back to you once everyone has
submitted this to determine if any of the text provided is flagged as similar to other
sources or to other papers uploaded by your fellow classmates.
We’re all learning
together here!
8.
As it is not likely that ChatGPT generated a document you would be satisfied to turn in for your
final paper, let’s fine tune this to help you arrive at a more professional product.
Let’s back up a
bit.
Ask ChatGPT to create an outline discussing sugar signaling in Arabidopsis.
a.
Record the prompt your used: create an outline discussing sugar signaling in Arabidopsis
b.
Paste in the response ChatGPT provided.
Title: Sugar Signaling in Arabidopsis: Mechanisms and Implications
I. Introduction
A. Overview of Arabidopsis as a Model Organism
B. Importance of Sugar Signaling in Plant Biology
C. Objectives of the Discussion
II. Basic Principles of Sugar Signaling
A. Definition of Sugar Signaling
B. Types of Sugars Involved (e.g., glucose, fructose, sucrose)
C. General Mechanisms of Sugar Sensing in Plants
III. Sugar Signaling Pathways in Arabidopsis
A. Overview of Key Pathways
B. Detailed Description of Each Pathway
1. Hexokinase-Dependent Pathway
2. Sucrose Non-Fermenting-1 (SNF1)-Related Kinase (SnRK) Pathways
3. Other Notable Pathways (if applicable)
C. Molecular Components Involved in Each Pathway
1. Receptors and Sensors
2. Signal Transduction Components
3. Transcription Factors and Gene Expression
IV. Physiological Roles of Sugar Signaling in Arabidopsis
A. Growth and Development
1. Germination
2. Seedling Development
3. Flowering and Reproduction
B. Stress Responses
1. Biotic Stress
2. Abiotic Stress
C. Metabolic Regulation
V. Cross-talk with Other Signaling Pathways
A. Interaction with Hormonal Signaling (e.g., Auxin, Gibberellin)
B. Integration with Nutrient Signaling (e.g., Nitrogen, Phosphorus)
C. Interaction with Light and Circadian Rhythms
VI. Experimental Approaches and Techniques
A. Genetic and Molecular Tools
B. Biochemical Methods
C. Advanced Imaging Techniques
VII. Current Research and Future Directions
A. Recent Discoveries in Sugar Signaling in Arabidopsis
B. Open Questions and Challenges
C. Potential Applications in Agriculture and Biotechnology
VIII. Conclusion
A. Summary of Key Findings
B. Importance of Sugar Signaling in Plant Biology and Agriculture
C. Future Perspectives in Arabidopsis Research
IX. References
Collection of relevant literature, studies, and reviews
Notes for Writing:
Research Depth: Each section should be backed by current research, including recent
studies and reviews.
Clarity and Conciseness: Aim to clearly explain complex biological processes in a way
that is accessible to readers with a basic understanding of plant biology.
Use of Diagrams: Where possible include diagrams or models to illustrate signaling
pathways and molecular interactions.
Critical Analysis: In the sections discussing current research and future directions,
critically analyze the existing literature and identify gaps in current knowledge.
c.
How does the quality of the content compare to your first attempt in step 7 above?
It
still just gives me an outline. Doesn’t go in detail into anything
9.
Ask ChatGPT to create an outline discussing key points for your selected gene of interest for the
paper.
a.
Record the prompt you used
: write a summary of this gene AT5G07590 using tair
website.
b.
c.
Paste in the response ChatGPT provided.
Although I was not able to access the TAIR
website for detailed information, from other sources, it is indicated that this gene is
involved in the formation and function of microtubules. Specifically, it appears to be
associated with the recruitment of katanin, a protein complex necessary for the
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severing of microtubules at specific cellular locations. This process is important for the
reorientation or amplification of dynamic microtubule arrays
10.
Next, refine the information.
Look at the outline and decide where you might want more detail.
Choose a minimum of 3 key points from the outline and create prompts to generate a bullet
pointed list of information for each.
You may do this with as many of the items on the outline as
you think may be helpful to build out your paper.
If you find bullet points are not returning
information in a form you like, try outline form again.
Record all your prompts as you go and the
response ChatGPT returned.
Please number or letter your prompts so you can more easily
navigate the material later as you write your paper.
11.
Select either key points or subpoints for which you would like references.
Ask ChatGPT to
provide references for at least 3 of these points or subjects.
You may make as many requests as
you wish and record them below (3 is the minimum).
a.
Record the prompt you used: provide references to at least 3 sources for a microarray
paper discussion session.
b.
Paste in the response ChatGPT provided.
Schena, M., Shalon, D., Davis, R. W., & Brown, P. O. (1995). "Quantitative Monitoring
of Gene Expression Patterns with a Complementary DNA Microarray." Science,
270(5235), 467-470.
Lockhart, D. J., & Winzeler, E. A. (2000). "Genomics, gene expression and DNA arrays."
Nature, 405(6788), 827-836.
Hughes, T. R., Mao, M., Jones, A. R., Burchard, J., Marton, M. J., Shannon, K. W.,
Lefkowitz, S. M., Ziman, M., Schelter, J. M., Meyer, M. R., Kobayashi, S., Davis, C., Dai,
H., He, Y. D., Stephaniants, S. B., Cavet, G., Walker, W. L., West, A., Coffey, E.,
Shoemaker, D. D., Stoughton, R., Blanchard, A. P., Friend, S. H., & Linsley, P. S. (2001).
c.
Select 3 of the references generated using Google Scholar.
Are these real references
with accurate info?
You only need to check three from the first prompt for this
assignment.
Only 2 of them are accurate the 2
nd
and third
12.
Ask ChatGPT to write a summary with references for your gene of interest.
a.
Record the prompt you used:
write a summary of this gene AT5G07590 using tair
website. Use information you already have stored if possible
b.
Paste the response ChatGPT provided.
The AT5G07590 gene in Arabidopsis thaliana
encodes a protein that belongs to the WD-40 repeat protein family. This gene is
relatively well expressed, being 0.6 times the average gene expression in this release.
It is defined by 22 GenBank accessions, with some sequences obtained from various
parts of the plant, including ovule, flowers, buds, aerial parts, hormone-treated callus,
and silique.
Did it include references and if so, are they accurate (citation aligns to an actual paper
you can find listed in Google Scholar
) ?
It referenced the Tair website.
3.4 W
RITING
THE
P
APER
ITSELF
13.
At this point, you should have a nice start on how to organize your introduction and the section
of the paper on your gene of interest.
You should have a number of professional journal articles
lined up that you can utilize as references to fill out your outline to create the paper. It is up to
you how much or how little you use the material generated in this exercise to write your final
paper.
The use of AI is not prohibited in writing your paper nor is it required should you prefer
your own thought processes to that of ChatGPT.
It is your responsibility to be sure any AI
generated text you use is not “borrowed” words from a published source.
You can resubmit
your paper to Turnitin multiple times before the due date to check for this issue yourself and
make corrections as needed.
Once the due date has passed, any plagiarism issues will be
treated using the usual university academic honesty procedures so leave yourself time to check!
Be sure to use the provided rubric to ensure your final paper meets all the requirements to
maximize your grades and produce a professional journal-style manuscript.
3.5 A
FTER
YOU
SUBMIT
THE
FINAL
PAPER
14.
The last step of this assignment is write 1 page on your experience with using ChatGPT for this
assignment and with writing your paper. This will be the last page added to this running
document before you upload your work to Canvas. Some suggestions of talking points are below.
a.
How useful was ChatGPT in organizing your paper and dealing with the vast volume of
information available on the assigned topic
? I Didn’t use chat gpt much however I was
able to use some paraphrasing tools to help me better word sentences. Chat gpt only
helped when I needed to find sources
b.
Was the level of detail ChatGPT provided adequate for your purposes?
No, it wanst. It
only gave me outlines. Without detailed instructions, it doesn’t help much. You might
as well right it yourself
c.
Can you comment on the sophistication of the writing generated by ChatGPT?
If you
truly want to get the best out of it you have to pay from premium. It doesn’t outright
write papers for you as complicated as a microarray one.
d.
What is the value of this tool?
Its extremely helpful when you know what you are
doing. If you don’t have a good idea of what to do its not gonna be off much help
e.
What are the drawbacks of this tool?
If you don’t know what to do its not going to help
much. You have to pay for the full advantages
f.
Do you have suggestions for revising this assignment for future semesters? No.
g.
Was the ChatGPT exercise useful to you? Do you envision using this tool in the future?
Under what circumstances?
It was and I do plan on using this in the future for papers