Engl 3073
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3073
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English
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Dec 6, 2023
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docx
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Uploaded by ChefNewtPerson471
Lorena Rodriguez
Engl 3073
Lesson 7
1. Provide the plural and genitive forms of the following nouns: inset,
bug, hinge, solo, calf, surf, disease, foil, stuff, and promise, crazy. You
should consult a dictionary if you are unsure about any of the words.
Some of the forms will sound strange. Why?
Inset: Plural - insets; Genitive - inset's
Bug: Plural - bugs; Genitive - bug's
Hinge: Plural - hinges; Genitive - hinge's
Solo: Plural - solos; Genitive - solo's
Calf: Plural - calves; Genitive - calf's
Surf: Plural - surfs; Genitive - surf's
Disease: Plural - diseases; Genitive - disease's
Foil: Plural - foils; Genitive - foil's
Stuff: Plural - stuffs; Genitive - stuff's
Promise: Plural - promises; Genitive - promise's
Crazy: Plural - crazies; Genitive - crazy's
Some forms may sound strange due to irregularities in English plurals or
genitives. For example, "calf" becomes "calves" in the plural form, and "fool"
becomes "fools" instead of the expected "foiles" or "foils."
2. Change the following verbs to nouns by adding derivational suffixes:
relate, emerge, block, train, strain, talk, and wonder
Relate: relation
Emerge: emergence
Block: blockade
Train: training
Strain: strain (can be both verb and noun)
Talk: talk
Wonder: wonder
3. Change the following adjectives to nouns by adding derivational
suffixes: rude, productive, healthy, and satisfactory.
Rude: rudeness
Productive: productivity
Healthy: health
Satisfactory: satisfaction
4. Classify the following verbs as action verbs or as state of being
verbs; indicate the subtype of each verb. What difficulties did you
experience in classifying these verbs semantically?
Cost: action verb
Depart: action verb
Approve: action verb
Approve of: action verb (phrasal verb)
Remember: action verb
Remain: state of being verb (stative)
Difficulties may arise in classifying verbs semantically because some verbs can
function as both action verbs and state of being verbs based on their context.
5. Look up the word appear in a good dictionary. How many different
meanings does it have? Identify which of these meanings indicate
axcion and which indicate state of being
Action: To come into sight or view.
State of being: To have a particular quality or seem in a particular way.
6. While the progressive occurs with action verbs, it doesn’t always
have the same meaning with each subtype. What differences of
meanings can you see in the progressive verbs below? (Hint: compare
progressive meanings to those of the simple present.)
a. Our opinion of grammar is changing. (state of being)
b. The orchestra is playing a Beethoven symphony tonight. (action)
c. My head is aching. (state of being)
d. The plane is landing. (action)
The progressive form in action verbs indicates an ongoing action, while in state
of being verbs, it suggests a temporary state.
7. For each word below, add, remove, or change a derivational affix to
make it into a verb. Double check your answer by using inflectional
criteria
Assassin (noun): assassinate
Fight (adjective): fight (can be both verb and noun)
Critical (adjective): criticize
Alive (adjective): live
Fat (noun, adjective): fatten
Extermination (noun): exterminate
Harmony (noun): harmonize
8. Which of the following words can be compared?
Strong (comparative: stronger, superlative: strongest)
Strength (cannot be compared)
Honest (comparative: more honest, superlative: most honest)
Retaliate (cannot be compared)
Harsh (comparative: harsher, superlative: harshest)
Fashion (cannot be compared)
Uncommon (comparative: more uncommon, superlative: most
uncommon)
Local (comparative: more local, superlative: most local)
9. The use of the word hopefully is often chastised in prescriptive
circles, specifically in sentences such as, Hopefully, my paycheck will
arrive soon. Check the usage labels on this word in a dictionary. What
reasons support the disapproval of this word? What does the word
mean? Is it an adverb or some other part of speech? What kind of
adverb is it? How does it differ grammatically or semantically from
other adverbs in its class?
"Hopefully"
is often disapproved of because it is used as a sentence adverb,
and prescriptive grammarians argue that adverbs should modify verbs,
adjectives, or other adverbs. "Hopefully" means "in a hopeful manner" or "with
hope." It is an adverb, specifically a sentence adverb, and its usage differs from
other adverbs by modifying the entire sentence rather than a specific word.
10. Are the italicized words in the following examples adverbs? Why?
Very old:
"Very" is an adverb here, modifying the adjective "old." It intensifies the
degree of the adjective, indicating a high level of oldness.
Quite frequently:
"Quite" is an adverb modifying the adverb "frequently." It indicates a
relatively high frequency but falls short of indicating an extreme or
absolute frequency.
Only occasionally:
"Only" is an adverb modifying the adverb "occasionally." It restricts the
frequency to a minimal or exclusive occurrence, emphasizing infrequency.
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