Malta Language Overview
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Malta Language Overview & Examples
Instructor: Abraham Thomas
Abe Thomas has a bachelors degree in Linguistics from the University of Illinois and a masters degree in
English from the University of Tennessee. He worked as a composition instructor and tutor for two years
as part of his masters program, and then worked at a nature center, where his responsibilities included
creating educational materials and communicating with the public about scientific topics.
Cite this lesson
Read about the official languages of the nation of Malta, including Maltese and English. Learn about
other languages commonly spoken in Malta, such as Italian. Updated: 03/29/2023
Malta: Language Overview
Malta is a small island nation in the Mediterranean Sea, located between Italy, Tunisia, and Libya. With a
population of around 519,000 people and a territory of 122 square miles (316 square kilometers), it is
one of the most densely populated countries in the world. It is a member of the European Union and the
Commonwealth of Nations. Malta's location in the center of the Mediterranean Sea has historically given
it great importance as a naval base, and many other nations sought or held control of it over the
centuries. As a result of this, several different languages are spoken in Malta.
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Malta: Official Languages
Malta's official languages are Maltese, English, and Maltese Sign Language. All laws in Malta are enacted
in both Maltese and English. However, the country's constitution states that in the event of a
contradiction between the two texts of a law, the Maltese text takes precedence.
What is Maltese?
Maltese is the main language of Malta. It is a member of the Semitic sub-family of the Afro-Asiatic family
of languages. Other Semitic languages include Arabic, Hebrew, Amharic, Tigrinya, and Ge'ez. Maltese is
most closely related to Arabic and is descended from an extinct dialect called Siculo-Arabic. This was
spoken in the Emirate of Sicily, an Islamic kingdom that ruled Sicily and Malta from the 9th to the 11th
centuries.
After the Normans conquered Malta in 1091, the islands were converted to Christianity, and the Arabic
dialect spoken by the people of Malta became Latinized. While its grammatical structure remained
essentially Arabic, it absorbed a great amount of vocabulary from Latin-derived languages, including
Italian, Sicilian, and French. The Latin alphabet also became the standard script for this new language.
Maltese is the only Semitic language whose standard form is written in the Latin alphabet, and the only
Semitic language to be an official language of the European Union.
Due largely to the amount of non-Arabic vocabulary it has incorporated, Maltese is no longer mutually
intelligible with Classical Arabic or Modern Standard Arabic. Of the vocabulary of modern Maltese,
approximately 52% is derived from Italian or Sicilian, 32% from Siculo-Arabic, and 6% from English, with
the remainder having other origins.
The following are some common words and expressions in Maltese:
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Other Languages in Malta
Lesson Summary
Frequently Asked Questions
Is Maltese similar to Arabic?
Maltese is closely related to Arabic, and developed from a now-extinct medieval dialect called Siculo-
Arabic. However, Maltese has absorbed a great deal of Italian vocabulary and is written in the Latin
script, which makes all but simple, everyday utterances in Maltese incomprehensible to most Arabic
speakers.
How many languages are spoken in Malta?
The three official languages of Malta are Maltese, English, and Maltese Sign Language. Maltese and
English are the most widely spoken, followed by Italian, which is not official but is widely understood due
to Italy's geographical proximity. French and Arabic are sometimes spoken as well.
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