SCI 100 Module Five Activity

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Southern New Hampshire University *

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Electrical Engineering

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Jan 9, 2024

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SCI 100 Module Five Activity: Ethical Issues in the Natural Sciences Describe an ethical issue that relates to the main idea of your chosen news story. The duty of astronomers and researchers to guarantee inclusion and thorough scientific understanding is one ethical issue connected to this news article. Data gathering may be skewed or incomplete as a result of the employment of conventional observational techniques that primarily concentrate on particular electromagnetic bands, such as X-rays and optical radiation (Gezari, 2023). This method may have unintentionally hidden tidal disruption events (TDEs) caused by emissions infrared wavelengths that are masked by dust, which occur in star-forming galaxies. The main ethical concern here is the possibility of negligence or overlooking brought on by a preference for particular observation techniques. Astronomers may have unintentionally neglected the study of active, star-forming galaxies in favor of quieter galaxies by concentrating mostly on X-ray and optical surveys, which has affected the thoroughness of our knowledge of cosmic events like TDEs. This topic touches on scientists' ethical duty to use a variety of approaches and resources to guarantee an inclusive and thorough investigation of cosmic events. Ignoring some electromagnetic spectrum bands (such the infrared) could result in a distorted picture of TDEs and so restrict our understanding of their behavior and occurrence in various galactic contexts. The story also emphasizes how important transparency is to scientific research. A more truthful and transparent scientific conversation is made possible by pointing up the shortcomings of traditional approaches and admitting the possibility of biases in data collection. Ensuring transparency is crucial in facilitating comprehension of the potential and constraints of existing observational techniques within the scientific community and the general public.

Explain how bias, beliefs, assumptions, or values relate to your ethical issue. Bias, opinions, assumptions, and attitudes deeply affect scientific investigation, including the study of celestial phenomena like tidal disruption events. Scientific decision-making, technique selection, and interpretation depend on these aspects (Panagiotou et al., 2023). Astronomers' use of X-rays and optical radiation may be due to confirmation bias, which they believe are effective and reliable (Gezari, 2023). Preconceived beliefs regarding TDE prevalence and occurrence in specific cosmic habitats impact study directions. TDEs were previously thought to occur in quieter galaxies, ignoring busy, star-forming galaxies (Panagiotou et al., 2023). Researchers' scientific progress values can also influence observational preferences. In examining TDEs, favouring proven methods may lead to overlooking other observational approaches such infrared wavelengths (Gezari, 2023). Data relevance perceptions also influence observational band prioritization. Infrared observations may be overlooked in comprehending TDEs in star-forming galaxies due to the idea that X-rays and optical data are superior. Biases, attitudes, assumptions, and values influence scientific methods and data quality (Gezari, 2023). To understand cosmic phenomena more fully, we need to recognize the limitations of current approaches and be open to new observational methods. Explain how your chosen ethical issue may impact (or has impacted) how research is conducted on the main idea of your chosen news story. Research on tidal disruption events (TDEs) in galaxies is heavily influenced by ethical concerns and observational biases. Biases and assumptions determine observational methodologies, which may restrict TDE understanding. Traditional X-ray and optical band dependence obscured TDEs in star-forming galaxies because to dust. Historical observational biases favor certain galactic settings over others, which affects research by skewing TDE perception.

Biases affect research procedures. Panagiotou and colleagues accidentally found a TDE using a transient source search method and NASA's NEOWISE infrared data (2023). This unexpected discovery shows how biases and preconceptions shaped the research methodology and how different observational methodologies may reveal obscure TDEs. Adherence to established beliefs might sometimes limit research innovation. The past idea that TDEs occur in quieter galaxies hampered the study of active, star-forming galaxies as candidate hosts (Gezari, 2023). This deters research from investigating novel theories or observational methods that could better understand TDEs. These biases and preconceptions have shaped TDE research by influencing observational preferences, hypothesis exploration, and technique selection. These biases must be recognized and addressed to promote more inclusive and varied research and a better knowledge of celestial phenomena. Explain how your chosen ethical issue may impact (or has impacted) advancements in the field of study. Addressing biases may lead to the incorporation of other observational methods, such as focusing on infrared wavelengths. This diversity may reveal more TDEs in star-forming galaxies, extending the dataset and improving our understanding of TDEs and their hosts. Overcoming biases lets scientists rethink assumptions like that TDEs only occur in calmer galaxies. By understanding and overcoming these biases, researchers can try new things, rethink preconceptions, and find more TDEs in unexpected cosmic contexts. Recognition of biases can spur observational method innovation, leading to advanced TDE detection systems in varied galactic contexts. Upgraded infrared telescopes may improve TDE detection in clouded areas. Scientists can find TDEs in star-forming galaxies by reanalyzing data without bias. This reexamination can improve interpretations and understanding of cosmic events. Addressing observational biases can greatly boost TDE research. It can find new events, challenge

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assumptions, innovate observational methods, and improve our understanding of the cosmos and its celestial phenomena.

References Panagiotou, C., De, K., Masterson, M., Kara, E., Calzadilla, M., Eilers, A.-C., Frostig, D., Lourie, N., Simcoe, R., Karambelkar, V., Kasliwal, M., Stein, R., Zolkower, J., Meisner, A., & National Science Foundation's National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory. (2023). A flash of possibility: Discovery of a nearby tidal disruption event with implications for star- forming galaxies. Astrophysical Journal Letters, 983(1), L12. Gezari, S. (2023). Insights on obscured tidal disruption events in star-forming galaxies. Space Telescope Science Institute Bulletin, 57(2), 23-29.