phy 133 lab 6

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Stony Brook University *

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133

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Electrical Engineering

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Jan 9, 2024

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Anubrota Majumdar 4/30/2023 PHY 133 Momentum and Energy Lab Report
INTRODUCTION: - The laboratory experiment entitled "Momentum and Energy" aims to provide students with an understanding of the conversion of energy from one form to another and the variables that can lead to energy loss within a system. Students will be introduced to phase space plots and their use in exploring energy conservation. The lab will also investigate the relationship between impulse and momentum changes to deduce Newton's Second Law. The experiment will focus on two types of energy, kinetic energy, and spring potential energy, which are represented by the following equation: Total Energy = (1/2)mv² + (1/2)kx² The lab aims to study the transfer of kinetic and spring potential energy, and students will assess the overall energy conservation of the system by plotting the device's velocity against the compression or stretching of the spring. The device will collide with a stationary object, causing a change in its motion. However, the force applied by the stationary object occurs too quickly to measure directly, so we will compute the impulse and compare it with the change in momentum. The area under the force vs. time plot should be equal to the change in momentum, in my opinion. APPARATUS USED: - iOlab device Force sensor Screw Long spring Small spring
Wheel sensor Table Phone screen Computer PROCEDURE: - Part One: 1. Connect the long spring and screw to the force sensor on the iOlab device. 2. Adjust the table to a semi-vertical position. 3. Activate the wheel sensor and ensure it is touching the table. 4. Record the device's oscillation. 5. Create a parametric plot of Position vs. Velocity. Part Two: Determining the Mass of the iOlab Device: 1. Acquire and connect the iOlab device to a computer. 2. Affix the screw to the device and orient it so the y-axis faces downwards. 3. Record the device as you lift it using the screw, hold it in place for a few seconds, then lower it. 4. Use the recorded data to determine F g and g.
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5. Calculate the mass of the device using F g = mg. Part Three: 1. Attach the force probe to the small spring. 2. Apply force to the device's spring side by pushing it onto a phone screen with the force probe and wheel. 3. Compute the area beneath the Force vs. Time plot. 4. Determine the change in velocity during the same time period and multiply it by mass. 5. Compare the calculated value to the area under the Force vs. Time plot. RESULTS: - Now to find the mass of the lab,
This graph represents that phase space plot when the device is hung vertically using the spring This highlight trough shows the velocity plot to show the velocity before collision This highlight trough shows the velocity plot to show the velocity after collision The impulse which is the area under the curve after the collision CALCULATIONS:-
Area under F vs T = 0.1943 Velocity before the collision = -0.571 m/s Velocity after the collision = 0.410 m/s Impulse of the collision = 0.1943 Ns Now we find the mass of the iolab -1.984 N = m ( - 9.817) = 0.202 kg Δ velocity = (0.410) -(-0.571) = 0.981 m/s Δ momentum = (0.981) (0.202) = 0.1981 Ns Finding the Error Analysis: - Mass error = % accl + % force = 0.20 % + 1.60% = 1.80% Discussion: The experiment aimed to investigate the correlation between momentum and impulse by examining the iOlab device's behavior during collision. The analysis involved a phase space plot and energy conservation. The phase space plot showed that the gadget's contribution of moment was equal to the energy input into the system. This means that the system was able to save its entire energy supply, indicating energy conservation.
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The momentum and impulse were also examined in this experiment. Although the lab data did not show it, the area under the Force vs. Time plot and the change in momentum should have been equal due to Newton's Second Law. Therefore, we can determine the relationship between momentum and acceleration by examining velocity and acceleration. Moreover, the experiment involved finding the mass of the iOlab device, which was crucial in calculating the change in momentum. The mass was determined using the equation Fg = mg, where Fg is the gravitational force acting on the iOlab device, and g is the acceleration due to gravity. The mass was found to be 0.202 kg. Furthermore, error analysis was conducted to determine the percentage error in the velocity before and after the collision. These errors were considered to be relatively small and negligible in this experiment. CONCLUSION: - In conclusion, the experiment successfully demonstrated the correlation between momentum and impulse, as well as the conservation of energy. The analysis involved phase space plot, energy conservation, and determination of mass, which were crucial in calculating the change in momentum. Moreover, error analysis was conducted to determine the accuracy of the results.
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