Quiz 1 Answers (weeks 2-6)

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Shenandoah University *

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Electrical Engineering

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Jan 9, 2024

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WILL INCLUDE ALL ATTEMPTS of Quiz 1 1) Which type of research method would you use if you were most interested in design of a service or product? a. Simulation b. Literature review c. Field study d. Lab experiment 2) In a signal detection task, noise is always present. a. True b. False 3) People adjust their beta (criterion) about as much as they should for a given task. a. True b. False 4) In vigilance tasks, why do decreases in target probability make an observer more conservative? a. They tend to respond or say no more often than saying yes. They'll have more correct rejections, fewer hits, more misses, and fewer false alarms. 5) Which of the following help to combat sensitivity loss in a vigilance task? Check all that apply. a. Take rest breaks. b. Introduce false signals. c. Increase signal salience. d. Consume caffeine. e. Lower event rate.

6) The number of distractors increases reaction time in all of the following visual search tasks except: a. Self-terminating search b. Exhaustive search c. Serial search d. Parallel search 7) What would you use to improve search conspicuity? a. Can be improved by taking advantage of a person’s knowledge or expectations. b. Example: 8) In a couple sentences, briefly describe the role of attention in visual search. a. The role of attention in visual search is to bind together features so we can identify the objects in the area. 9) Prior work on schemas and attention suggests that placing objects in unexpected locations will lead to an increase in: a. Hits b. Correct rejections c. False alarms d. Misses 10) The eyes only take in visual information when they are moving or making saccades. a. True b. False 11)If a product is going to be used while a person engages in another task, which measure of performance is most important? a. Hedonomics

b. Speed c. Workload d. Accuracy 12) If someone shifts their criterion to the left on the signal detection graph… a. The correct rejection rate will be higher than the hit rate. b. The false alarm rate will be higher than the miss rate. c. The correct rejection rate will be higher than the false alarm rate. d. The miss rate will be higher than the hit rate. 13) Why are successive paradigms in vigilance tasks harder than simultaneous paradigms? a. Successive paradigms are harder than simultaneous paradigms because in successive paradigms, the operator (or person) has to compare things with memory while with simultaneous paradigms, you are able to compare events to a standard with things that are available to you physically. 14) Vigilance is also known as… a. Sustained attention b. Selective attention c. Multitasking d. Divided attention 15) In a couple sentences, briefly explain the tradeoff between eye movements and head movements. a. Our eyes move to where there is more activity, or more visible information, for us to process. When we have to do something, we would rather have items close by to prevent us from having to move

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our heads side to side since we'd rather do the easier task of just moving our eyes. 16) The Posner Cueing Task (reading) measures which type(s) of attention? Check all that apply. a. Sustained b. Divided c. Convert d. Overt 17) In which part of the information processing model is information processed in parallel? a. Response selection b. Working memory c. Long term memory d. Sensory processing 18) What would you change in order to improve object conspicuity? a. You can add reflectors to the object to make it more noticeable. 19) A driver using a cell phone failed to brake at a red light during a driving simulation even though the eye tracker showed that the driver looked right at it. This is a classic example of: a. Overt attention. b. Inattentional blindness. c. Change blindness. d. Vigilance decrement.