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ELG2136 Winter 2008 Prof. Emad Gad Rectification – Power Supply I Lab Experiment #2 Rectification – Power Supply I (Prepared by Khaled Maamoun under the supervision of Prof. Emad Gad) Group Members Student Name Student ID
Pre-Lab Lab Demo and
Total
1
ELG2136 Winter 2008 Prof. Emad Gad Rectification – Power Supply I # Mark (out of 30) performance (out of 70) Lab Mark Surname First Name Student 1
Curtis
Tassimo
300080369
Student 2
LIPILA
Nathan 30026412
7
Student 3
TA Signature: Experiment 2 Rectification – Power Supply I Objective of the Experiment To observe the rectified signal obtained when a pn junction diode is used in a circuit with
a sinusoidal source and to verify the validity of the equations derived to calculate the
average and the true RMS value of a rectified signal. This signal has a significant ripple
component. A capacitor is used to filter this ripple. The effect of increasing load current
on the magnitude of the remaining ripple is observed. List of Equipment and Components 1 Power supply kit (assembled) 1 Oscilloscope 1 DC voltmeter (digital multimeter) 1 AC voltmeter (digital multimeter) 1 True RMS voltmeter 1 DC rnilliammeter (analog multimeter) 1 10Ω resistance 8 470 Ω resistances Note: The number of true RMS voltmeters is limited. They must be shared. 2
ELG2136 Winter 2008 Prof. Emad Gad Rectification – Power Supply I Lab preparation 1.
Derive the expressions for the average and the RMS values of sinusoidal
voltage waveform, half-wave rectified sinusoidal voltage waveform, and
fullwave rectified sinusoidal voltage waveform. 3
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ELG2136 Winter 2008 Prof. Emad Gad Rectification – Power Supply I 2.
Derive the expressions for the ripple voltage and DC voltage of capacitor filter
half-wave rectifier and capacitor filter full-wave rectifier. 4
ELG2136 Winter 2008 Prof. Emad Gad Rectification – Power Supply I Basic Experiment For this experiment the basic parts of a DC power supply are available already built in the
laboratory, as per the circuit below. 1.
Using the circuit, observe with an oscilloscope the waveform across: ― The source Vs (secondary of the transformer),
― The diode, ― The resistor. Use both channels of the oscilloscope and note the shape and amplitude of these
waveforms using zero volts as the reference level. Identify these voltages in
terms of the node notation on the circuit and plot them on the same tine axis.
Waveform of the Source Vs (Green) and the Diode (Yellow)
5 110V (rms)
Hz
60
n:1
V
s
V
s
V
p
D
1
D
2
C
B
A
D
A
470
µF
4.7K
Ω
Fig. 1
ELG2136 Winter 2008 Prof. Emad Gad Rectification – Power Supply I Waveform of the resistor
2.
Measure the voltage across: ― The source with an AC voltmeter, ― The resistor with a DC voltmeter and with a true RMS voltmeter. Compare
these results with their theoretical values using the amplitudes measured in 1.
above. Include the percentage of difference between the measured and theoretical
values. AC (rms)
measured AC (True rms)
measured DC
measured AC (rms)
calculated Error % V
s
- 82,0
0
85,56
0,96
V
R
-
77,7 68,5
78,64
0,98
3.
a) Connect the capacitor between D and A and observe, with an oscilloscope,
the waveform across: ― The source, ―
The diode, ― The resistor. Note these waveforms on the same time axis and indicate their amplitude,
referred to the zero-reference level. 6
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ELG2136 Winter 2008 Prof. Emad Gad Rectification – Power Supply I Waveform of the source
The diode
7
ELG2136 Winter 2008 Prof. Emad Gad Rectification – Power Supply I Resistor
8
ELG2136 Winter 2008 Prof. Emad Gad Rectification – Power Supply I b)
Measure the DC voltage across the resistor. Calculate the percentage of ripple in
the output signal using the amplitude of the ripple obtained in 3 a). V
DC = ____136____
V
r =
____107____
V
r
Percentage of ripple =
×
100 ___78,68______
% V
DC
c)
Insert a small resistor (10 ohms) between points A and B and observe with an
oscilloscope the voltage across this resistor. This waveform is identical to that of
the current flowing in the diodes. Use a dual beam oscilloscope and keep the
source voltage on the screen at all times, as a reference. Note the shape, the
amplitude, the conduction angle (or conduction time), and the position of this
signal in relation to the source voltage. Observe and note also on the same
screen the shape of the current in the diode and the voltage across the capacitor,
as well as their relative positions on the same time scale. d)
Remove the 10Ω resistor, leave the link between A and B open, and connect the
capacitor between D and A. Observe and note the output waveform with an
oscilloscope and measure its value with a DC voltmeter. (This is the value of the
No Load Voltage, i.e. for I
load
= 0.)
9
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ELG2136 Winter 2008 Prof. Emad Gad Rectification – Power Supply I V
DC = ____1,03___
e)
Insert a DC milliammeter between A and B, leave the capacitor between D and
A, and measure the DC output voltage (between D and A) as a function of the
DC load current, i.e. the current measured by the ammeter. Add load resistances
(use 470Ω resistors) across the 4.7kΩ resistor in order to increase the load
current. Do not exceed 150mA
. Plot the graph of V
DC
vs I
DC
. Calculate the
percentage of regulation at 50mA and at 100mA. Keep the oscilloscope across
the output during this measurement and note the change in the amplitude of the
ripple voltage each time you add a resistor. Explain the change in this
amplitude. R
L
4.7kΩ 4.7kΩ//470Ω 4.7kΩ//with
two 470Ω in
parallel 4.7kΩ//with
three 470Ω in
parallel 4.7kΩ//with
four 470Ω in
parallel 10
ELG2136 Winter 2008 Prof. Emad Gad Rectification – Power Supply I I
DC
0,0359 0,428
0,735 1,096 1,416 V
DC
0,162 0,182
0,163
0,166
0,164
R
L
4.7kΩ//with
five 470Ω in
parallel 4.7kΩ//with
six 470Ω in
parallel 4.7kΩ//with
seven 470Ω in
parallel 4.7kΩ//with
eight 470Ω in
parallel I
DC
1,753
2,325
3,062 3,267 V
DC
0,161
0,154 0,178
0,168
P
DC
Percentage of regulation (I
DC = 50mA) =
×
100 =
____1,545_____% P
TRMS
P
DC
Percentage of regulation (I
DC =
100mA) =
×
100 =
_____3,09____% P
TRMS
11
ELG2136 Winter 2008 Prof. Emad Gad Rectification – Power Supply I 12
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