Cardiovascular Activity

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Southern New Hampshire University *

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SPHE314

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Electrical Engineering

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Jan 9, 2024

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Alexis Elliott Assignment 2 SPHE314 5Nov2023 Section 1: (25 points) Create a flow chart image showing the map of the electrical activity of the heart (begin with the SA node) SN – Sinus Node AVN – Atrioventricular Node RA – Right Atrium LA – Left Atrium RV – Right Ventricle LV – Left Ventricle TV – Tricuspid MV – Mitral Valve

Alexis Elliott Assignment 2 SPHE314 5Nov2023 Section 2: (25 points) Create a flow chart image showing the map of how blood flows through the heart.

Alexis Elliott Assignment 2 SPHE314 5Nov2023 Blood enters the right atrium from the superior and inferior vena cava, blood from right atrium flows through the tricuspid into the right ventricle. Contraction in right ventricle then forces the pulmonary semilunar valve to open. Blood flow into the pulmonary trunk from the pulmonary valve. Then blood is distributed by both the right and left pulmonary arteries to the lungs, which is where carbon dioxide unloads and oxygen loads. Blood is returned from the lungs and from the pulmonary veins to the left atrium. From the left atrium blood flows through the mitral valve into the left ventricle. Contraction in the left ventricle then forces the semilunar valve to open. Then flowing through the aortic valve into ascending aorta. From the aorta blood is then distributed to the rest of the body where it now unloads oxygen and then loads carbon dioxide. To repeat the process blood returns to the heat from the vena cava.

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Alexis Elliott Assignment 2 SPHE314 5Nov2023 Section 3: (50 points) Application According to John Hopkins Medicine, “Every contraction of the ventricles is a representation of one singular heartbeat” (2021, August 8). Electrical stimulus is created by the SN in a small area of specialized tissue located in the right upper chamber of the heart, known as the RA. In this area the SN generates electrical stimulus roughly 60 to 100 times a minute under what is consider normal conditions. Once this process takes place the atria are now activated. Electrical stimulus that was created then travels down the bundle branches known as the conduction pathways and activating activity through the heart’s ventricles; the contraction and pump out of blood. This then causes stimulation and contraction for a small period in the RA and LA, shortly traveling to the lower chambers of the heart, RV and LV. It is important to remember the electrical system of the heart is an important function, stated by Fogoros, R.N. in How the Heart’s Electrical System Works (2023, March 12). Without the electrical system there would be no contracting which means there would also be no pumping of blood from the heart to the rest of the body. If there is not blood circulating to the rest of the body then oxygen would not be delivered to important areas of the human body, like the brain. Proper oxygen levels and circulation of blood flows allows one to remain conscious and have a heartbeat. Overall, the electrical system is responsible for making and conducting signals triggering a heartbeat. Muscle contractions are caused due to the signals and with each contraction, that is how blood is pumped throughout the body.

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