UPIIPHYS2126051Wintermester_OhmsLaw_304776

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Jan 9, 2024

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Copyright 2023 - Science Interactive | https://scienceinteractive.com Student Name Christopher-Hy Cao Student ID 304776 Lesson Ohm's Law Institution Western Texas College Session UPII PHYS 2126.051 MW 2023 Khanal Course UPII PHYS 2126.051 Wintermester Instructor Kiran Khanal Final Report Test Your Knowledge UPII PHYS 2126.051 Wintermester Ohm's Law A measure of the rate of ﬂow of charges past a point in a circuit A measure of the potential difference across a circuit component A measure of the hindrance of ﬂow for charges in a circuit A device used to measure two or more electrical values Provides a pathway for charges to travel in a circuit Match each term with the best description. Current Voltage Resistance Digital multimeter Conducting material 1 2 3 4 5

Copyright 2023 - Science Interactive | https://scienceinteractive.com Exploration True False Identify each statement as true or false. 1 Ohm's law describes the relationship between current, potential difference, and resistance. A digital multimeter can function as an ammeter and voltmeter. 2 An ammeter is used to measure potential difference. Current in a circuit is directly proportional to resistance. Charges travel from low potential energy to high potential energy in the _____ of a closed circuit. energy supply conducting material load All of the above A _____ is a source of load in a circuit. light bulb resistor rheostat All of the above

Copyright 2023 - Science Interactive | https://scienceinteractive.com Exercise 1 Potential difference within a circuit is expressed in _____. amperes ohms volts All of the above Ohm's law is expressed using the equation _____. V = I x R I = V x R R = I/V All of the above When measuring current, a device with high internal resistance is connected in series within a circuit. True False Ohm's Law describes the relationship between the potential difference/voltage, resistance, and current. Ohm's Law describes that a current has a directly proportional relationship to the potential difference/voltage, and is inversely proportional to the resistance. It can be described by the following equation, Potential Difference = Resistance x Current ( V = IR). Explain Ohm’s law including the relationship between potential difference, resistance, and current.

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Copyright 2023 - Science Interactive | https://scienceinteractive.com The results from Data Table 1 do agree with the manufacturer's statement. To prove this mathematically I multiplied 5% with 100 ohms to achieve the value of 5, this will serve as the +/- range that the stated tolerance value can fall into (100 ohms +/- 5). The value I obtained in Data Table 1 from the experiment was that of 99.3 ohms which falls into the range of 100 ohms +/- 5. Thus, the resistor used in the experiment is backed by the manufacturer's statement. The resistor used in the procedures has a manufacturer's stated tolerance (percent error) of 5%. Did you results from Data Table 1 agree with the manufacturer's statement? Explain your answer. Using my results obtained in Data Table 2 and Photo 1, the current entering the battery was equal to the current leaving the battery. The multimeter wired into the circuit on the positive side of the battery showed a value of 16.1 A. Then, when switching to the negative side of the battery, the multimeter read the same absolute value of -16.1 A. Theoretically, the results are backed by the law of conservation of charge, in which a closed circuit will maintain the same amount of charge. Thus, these prove that the current entering the battery is equal to the current leaving the battery. Was the current entering the battery equal to the current leaving the battery? Use your results in Data Table 2 and Photo 1 to explain your answer. The jumper cables did not provide measurable resistance to the ﬂow of the circuit. The potential difference shown in Photo 2 shows that the value remained the same and that the addition of jumper cables did not provide measurable resistance. The values in Data Table 2 show that the resistance values relatively remain constant, showing that the circuit follows Ohm's Law and further showing that the cables do not give resistance to the ﬂow of the current. Did the jumper cables provide measurable resistance to the ﬂow of current? Use your results in Data Table 2 and Photo 2 to explain your answer. My results in Data Table 2 support Ohm's Law. All of the resistance results were around the actual value of the resistor (100 ohms), with two values being off by one ohm at 101 (100.625 specifically) ohms, a small percentage error of less than <1%. The values all showed the correlation between potential difference, current, and resistance (inverse relationship between current and resistance, and direct relationship voltage with current/resistance respectively). Between the resistance values being around the same and the three categories of Ohm's Law showing their relationship, the results do support Ohm's Law. Do your results in Data Table 2 support Ohm's law? Explain your answer.

Copyright 2023 - Science Interactive | https://scienceinteractive.com Data Table 1: Measured Resistance Data Table 2: Current and Potential Difference of Simple Circuits When a 200 ohm resistor is used instead of a 100 ohm resistor, this will increase the resistance and decrease the current, according to Ohm's Law ( I = V/R). This is due to them having an inversely proportional relationship. Though, when calculating them together to get Voltage/ Potential Difference, we see that the values do not change. Potential difference is not affected by the change in resistance and current, according to Ohm's Law due to their inverse relationship. How would the measurements for potential difference and current change if a 200 Ω resistor was used in Circuit 1 instead of the 100 Ω resistor? Explain your answer. Resistor Measured Resistance (Ω) 100 Ω 99.3

Copyright 2023 - Science Interactive | https://scienceinteractive.com Photo 1: Current Reading on Negative Side of Battery Trial Current (mA) 1 2 3 Trial Current (A) 1 2 3 Trial Potential Difference (V) 1 2 3 Trial Calculated Resistance (R=V/I) Ω 1 2 3 16 30.8 45.2 0.0160 0.0308 0.0452 1.61 3.08 4.55 101 100 101

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Copyright 2023 - Science Interactive | https://scienceinteractive.com Competency Review An electrical circuit is a closed loop containing a(n) _____. conducting material energy supply load All of the above

Copyright 2023 - Science Interactive | https://scienceinteractive.com The measurement of current in a circuit is expressed in _____. amperes ohms voltage All of the above Ohm's law states that current and potential difference are directly proportional in a circuit. True False Ohm's law can calculate the _____ of a circuit. current potential difference resistance All of the above Ohm's law can be demonstrated by _____ of a simple circuit. measuring the current measuring the potential difference varying the energy source All of the above

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Copyright 2023 - Science Interactive | https://scienceinteractive.com A digital multimeter measures _____. current voltage resistance All of the above Jumper cables function as a(n) _____ in a simple circuit. conducting pathway energy source load source All of the above _____ is measured by touching the leads of a multimeter to each side of a battery in a simple circuit. Current Resistance Voltage All of the above Adding batteries to a simple circuit increases the resistance of the circuit. True False A circuit has a potential difference of 2.50 V and a current of 0.050 A. The resistance of the circuit is _____ Ω. 0.020 0.125 2.550 50.0

Copyright 2023 - Science Interactive | https://scienceinteractive.com Extension Questions The circuit is safe to handle with dry hands because dry skin can resist up to 100000 ohms, according to the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health. We can also calculate the possible hazard using Ohm's Law. The Voltage of a AA battery is around 1.5V. Since there were three batteries used, the total voltage is around 4.5V. Using the voltage value and the resistance value, we find that I = V/R I = 4.5V/ 100000 ohms = 0.000045A. This value is way below the hazardous values of 0.005A and 0.015 A that can harm or cause pain to the human body. A current of 0.001 A can be felt by the human body. 0.005 A can produce a pain response. 0.015 A can cause a loss of muscle control. In the procedures of this lesson, over 0.030 A of current traveled in the three- battery circuit. Why was this circuit safe to handle with dry hands? Include the resistance of human skin in your answer.