Physics 2 Lab 2 Mapping Electrostatic Potential

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Temple University *

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Course

1022

Subject

Electrical Engineering

Date

Apr 3, 2024

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pdf

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Uploaded by MinisterSnowKangaroo103

Lab 2: Mapping the Electrostatic Potential and Electric Field Group 43: Sarveshi Tripathi and Tiffany Kho Goals: The main objective of today's lab is to practice visualizing the electric fields and potentials around the conductor of many shapes. Then, we would practice graphing and analyzing the nonlinear reactions. Also, we will be working with simple circuits so we can practice using it for future purposes. Procedure: Part I: Firstly we located and pinned down on the cork board was the conductive paper with the points source and ring shield. The ring terminal of a cable was pinned to the center point electrode after it had been connected to the power supply’s positive end using a banana connector on one end and a ring terminal on the other. Similar to this, the shield ring’s power supply was linked to the negative. It was then examined for good conductivity once the power source was turned on and adjusted to 5 V. With the red probe, we used that to measure the voltage every 2 mm from the edge, and with the black probe was positioned for the reference point on the shield ring. After that, we gather the data to generate a graph showing the potential as a function of distance from the point source. Lastly, the supplied graph paper was used to map the equipotential lines. Part II: An electric dipole configuration was used in place of the point source electrode. Connect the 5V source to the leads, positioning the black reference voltage probe in the middle of the electrodes and the red probe anywhere on the paper as the setup. Next, we mapped out the equipotential curves by sliding the red probe around the paper and monitoring the voltage. Lastly, the appropriate electric field lines, draw using a different color pen. Part III: Apply 5V and set up the depicted in figure 5. Keep in mind that two charges are positive; to make them both charges, using a wire, makes a daisy chain to connect them together. Additionally, take note of the negative box electrodes that surround the point charges. Position the reference voltage probe midway between the two electrodes, just as in part II. After that, draw a couple equipotential lines close to the point charge and the box’s walls, just like you did with the dipole. Together in our lab report, draw a rough map of these equipotentials and the related E-field. Part IV: As indicated, attach the parallel plates electrodes to a power source. Every 0.5 cm, or along the dotted line in the picture that is shown in the lab manual to the right, measure the potential along a line that connects the midpoints of the positive and negative electrodes. For your measurement, utilize the negative electrodes as the fixed reference. Then make a graph of the potential as a function of distance from one plate to the other.

Error and Precautions: An error that may have occurred is that the voltage is too low so it may not give us the points needed for the charts. Also human error may have occurred when mapping the data onto the map paper. Another error may be that the panel is not being fully secured to the board and therefore causing the voltage reading to jump around. Results: 4 mappings 2 excel charts, chart 1 polynomial fit, chart 4 linear fit Table 1 for Part 1 Centimeter Voltage 0 0 0.5 -1.67 1 -2.90 1.5 -3.50 2 -3.96 2.5 -4.05

Table 2 for Part 4 Centimeter Voltage 0 0.99 1 1.83 2 2.59 3 3.64 4 4.42 5 5.09

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Questions: 1. Does your graph show a linear dependence between potential and distance? Theoretically, what should be the relationship between potential and distance as you move away from a point charge? (Check your textbook for the equation of potential of a point charge). a. For a point charge, the potential is equal to V = k (Q/ r) and V varies with 1/r. The dependence is polynomial. 2. What are the shapes of the equipotentials in the region around a point source? Do your results agree with the equipotentials shown in Figure 1? a. The shapes are concentric circles. Yes, the results agree with the equipotentials shown in Figure 1. 3. Does the potential vary much from one point to another outside of the shield ring? What does this imply about the electric field outside the shield ring? Refer to equation 1 for help with your answer. a. The potential field is alway zero and it does not vary outside the electric field because it is zero. 4. Note all but one of the equipotential lines for a dipole are curved. Where is the uniquely straight equipotential line for a dipole? a. For part 2, the equipotential line is vertically straight when plotted through the midpoint of the two points. This is for symmetry purposes. 5. Relative to this halfway point, where on the conducting paper is the potential highest (most positive)? Where is it lowest (most negative)? a. The highest point on the conducting paper is where it is closer to the highest potential points and the lowest point is where it is closer to the negative end which is the rectangular shape. 6. Referring to your graph, describe how the potential changes with distance from the electrode. How does this contrast to the potential vs distance for a point source you found in Part I? a. The potential changes when moving away from the electrode polynomially. The voltage polynomially became negative when moving the electrode away from the point source. 7. Theoretically, what is the physical meaning of the slope of your graph? Fit the data in your graph to a line and use your slope to find and report the value of the electric field between the two plates and report the value in units of V/m. a. The slope is linear for part 4. The physical meaning is the electric field in units of volt per centimeter. Times this slope by 100 and the units are now volts per meter.

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Discussion: For part 1, the voltage varies polymonically with distance since it is a point charge that abide by V = k (Q/r). V is inversely proportional to r. The expected results were a circle around the center point, and these were the actual results. For part 2, the expected result was 2 horizontal parabolas and a centerline, this was the actual result. For part 3, the expected result was a sponge-like shape around the 2 points and this was the actual result. For part 4, the potential varied linearly with distance and the slope is the electric field. The expected results for this part was 2 vertical parabolas around the two lines, this was the actual result. Errors such as the panel not being fully secured to the board may have disturbed the voltage readings. To minimize this error, we made sure to securely fix the panel onto the board with 6 thumbtacks. We also made sure that the voltage was at least 5 so that the readings were accurate. We also made sure to map the data correctly when drawing the points out onto the mapping paper.