Neupane_Suyog_Lab_TransientResponse_Filtering_Spring2024

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University of Texas, Arlington *

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1106

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Electrical Engineering

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Apr 3, 2024

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Lab Experiment RC Transient Analysis and Filtering Introduction The purpose of this lab is to introduce TWO brand new concepts. The first is a new device called a capacitor. The second is to introduce new types of circuit analysis. The first of these is called transient analysis and the second is frequency response. These things will be combined to develop and understand the behavior of circuits made from resistors and capacitors (RC circuits). You will first design and analyze a circuit with Multisim to achieve an expected value of time constant during a transient event. You will then design a first order filter and verify its operation with Multisim. During class the circuits will be built and tested to verify the simulations. You must complete the Multisim simulations BEFORE coming to class. Students will also verify and sign off on each other’s work. You MAY NOT sign off on more than one lab notebook . PreLab Lecture View the video lecture posted to Canvas. Use the procedures from the video to build and simulate all circuits before coming to class. Reading Assignment:  Read the online textbook on Capacitors (Chapter 13 - all five sections) o https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/direct-current/chpt-13/ electric-fields- capacitance/  Read the online textbook on Electrical Transients (eight sections). Focus on the details about the transient response of an RC circuit. o https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/direct-current/chpt- 16/electrical- transients/  Read the online textbook on Mixed Signals and Filters o https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/alternating-current/chpt-7/mixed-frequency- ac-signals/ o https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/alternating-current/chpt-8/what-is-a-filter/  Focus on the section describing low-pass RC circuits  Read the Sparkfun article on the use of an oscilloscope o https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/how-to-use-an-oscilloscope  Watch the video below about using a function generator o https://youtu.be/mLKPwWGBtIw

Answer the following questions in your lab notebook:  Write the equation for the terminal characteristics of a capacitor. o Comment on how this equation differs from the terminal characteristic equation for a resistor  Write the equations for how capacitors combine: o In series o In parallel o How do these formulas compare to the way resistors combine in series and parallel  What is the formula for the time constant of an RC circuit?  Draw a typical RC circuit. Identify the formula for the time constant of the circuit. Draw a sketch of the voltage response to a square wave voltage input. Perform the calculation of the time constant using C=330nF, R= 1KOhm. n – nano  10 -9  What is the frequency range of human speech? o I.e. what frequencies make up most of the signal energy in human speech?  What is the frequency range of human hearing?  How can the answer to the previous two questions help in the design of voice communication systems?  What is the bandwidth of a common telephone voice channel?  What is the mathematical relationship between the time constant of an RC circuit and the cutoff frequency of a first order capacitive low pass filter?  Write the name of the person whose lab notebook you signed off in  Write the name of the person who signed off in your lab notebook

V PR1 R1 V V1 C1 1ms GND PreLab continued: Transient Analysis: Use Multisim to build a circuit that can be used to verify the time constant of an RC circuit. The video lecture has a guide for creating this circuit. Perform transient analysis i n Multisim to verify the time constant. PR2 Frequency Response: Design a capacitive first order low pass filter (RC circuit) with a cutoff frequency in the kHz range. Perform frequency analysis (AC Sweep) using Multisim to verify the cutoff frequency for the circuit. PR1 R1 V V1 1Vpk 1kHz 0° C1

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In Lab: Components and Instruments The components and instruments required for this lab are listed below.  ? Ω Resistor  ? F capacitor  Multisim  Function Generator  Oscilloscope Lab Procedure – Transient Analysis Design an RC circuit that will produce a specified time constant (tau). The exact value of tau will be given at the start of lab. Calculate tau for the exact R and C values used in your simulation. There is a capacitance meter in the lab. Modify your Multisim circuit with these new values and verify your calculated value of tau. Build the circuit on your breadboard. Apply a square wave (±5V peak-peak) from the function generator as shown in class. Adjust the frequency of the square wave until you can see the full response of the RC circuit to the transient voltage. Measure the RC response with the o-scope and capture the result. You may use your phone to take a picture of the o-scope screen. The time constant is the time that it takes the capacitor voltage to rise or fall to 1-1/e = 63.2% of its steady state value. R C Specified Value 8.25K 3.3nF Measured Value 8.227K 3.2nF Expected (calculated from tau formula) Simulated in Multisim (using o- scope) Measured from breadboard (using o- scope) Time Constant (tau) 27.225 µs 29.681 µs 29 µs For this lab you must also obtain sign-off from someone in the lab who has verified your experiment. Create the sign-off section just after the tables in your lab notebook. Make a place for the person’s printed name and initials. Allow them to complete this section after you have demonstrated your experiment. When you are signing off on someone else’s notebook, you are declaring that you agree with those results. Sign off for Transient Analysis: Printed Name

720mV Output Voltage amplitude at f cutoff 710 mV Lab Procedure – Frequency Response Design a capacitive first order low pass filter with cutoff frequency given during class. Use the available components offered in class to design the filter. Modify your Multisim circuit and verify the frequency response. Now build the circuit on your breadboard. Set up the function generator with a 1V pp sinusoidal signal at the input of the filter. Measure the output of the filter with an o-scope to verify the amount of attenuation (decrease in amplitude) at the cutoff frequency. The output amplitude should decrease as the frequency of the input signal increases. Capture photographs of the o-scope that verifies the first order cutoff frequency operation. R C Specified Value 2.61K 0.1uF Measured Value 2.61K 0.102uF Simulated Value Measured Value Sign off for Frequency Response: Printed Includes names in your lab report. Whose lab notebook did you sign and who signed in your lab notebook?