PHEN1120-Lab05

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Electrical Engineering

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Apr 3, 2024

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Series Resistors Parallel Resistors PHEN1120 Fall 2023 Series and Parallel Circuits NAME: Conner Woods, Olivia Whitmore, Sophie Perruffel, Michell Tejera Lab05: Series and Parallel Circuits Components in an electrical circuit are in series when they are connected one after the other, so that the same current flows through both of them. Components are in parallel when they are in alternate branches of a circuit. Series and parallel circuits function differently. You may have noticed the differences in electrical circuits you use. When using some types of older decorative holiday light circuits, if one lamp is removed, the whole string of lamps goes off. These lamps are in series. When a light bulb is removed in your home, the other lights stay on. Household wiring is normally in parallel. You can monitor these circuits using a Current Probe and a Differential Voltage Probe and see how they operate. One goal of this experiment is to study circuits made up of two resistors in series or parallel. You can then use Ohm’s law to determine the equivalent resistance of the two resistors. Figure 1 OBJECTIVES  To study current flow in series and parallel circuits.  To study potential differences in series and parallel circuits.  Use Ohm’s law to calculate equivalent resistance of series and parallel circuits. MATERIALS Resistors Power Supply Connecting Wires Digital Multi Meters

Series and Parallel Circuits Lab 5 PART I: PROCEDURE FOR CIRCUIT IN SERIES 1. With the power supply turned off, connect the series circuit, shown in Figure 1 using resistors for R 1 = 10 k Ω resistor 1 and R 2 = 51 k Ω resistor 2. Figure 1 : R 1 = 10 k Ω resistor 1 and R 2 = 51 k Ω connected in series a. Connect the Current and Differential Voltage Digital Multi Meters to the circuit (see Figure 2). Note : The red leads from the probes should be toward the positive terminal of the power supply. I 1 is the current flowing out of resistor R 1 , I 2 is the current flowing out of resistor R 2 and I total is the current flowing out of the power supply. V 1 is the voltage across resistor R 1 , I 2 is the voltage across resistor R 2 and V total is the voltage across the power supply. R eq is the equivalent resistance of the circuit. b. To start with, keep the power supply to 0 V. c. Report in Table 1 your Expected values of I 1 , I 2 , I total ,V 1 ,V 2 ,V total ∧ R eq for a power supply set to 12 V. d. Turn both the voltage and current knobs fully counter clockwise (off). Turn the control on the current half turn. e. Set now the power supply to 12 V f. Report in Table 1 your Measured values of I 1 , I 2 , I total ,V 1 ,V 2 ,V total ∧ R eq . g. Report in Table 1 the Errors analysis between your Expected and Measured values. h. What is the relationship between the three voltage readings: I 1 , I 2 , and I total i. What is the relationship between the three voltage readings: V 1 , V 2 , and V total Table 1 : Expected Versus Measured values for R 1 = 10 k Ω resistor 1 and R 2 = 51 k Ω in series

Series and Parallel Circuits Lab 5 The relationship for I 1 , I 2 , and I total are all equivalent because the circuit is in series. The relationship for V 1 , V 2 , and V total is that V 1 and V 2 are proportional to the resistors used within the circuit. V total is the addition of V 1 and V 2 . Expected Value Measured Value Error Analysis ( Measured − Expected Expected ) × 100 I 1 0.19672 mA 191.4 µA 2.70% I 2 0.19672 mA 191.4 µA 2.70% I total 0.19672 mA 191.4 µA 2.70% V 1 1.9672 V 1.87 -4.94% V 2 10.0327 V 9.66 -3.715% V total 12 V 11.53 -3.92% R eq 61 k Ω R eq ,meas = V total I total 60.2 k Ω -1.31%

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Series and Parallel Circuits Lab 5 PART II: PROCEDURE FOR CIRCUIT IN PARALLEL 1. With the power supply turned off, connect the parallel circuit, shown in Figure 2 using resistors for R 1 = 10 k Ω resistor 1 and R 2 = 51 k Ω resistor 2. Figure 2 : R 1 = 10 k Ω resistor 1 and R 2 = 51 k Ω connected in parallel a. Connect the Current and Differential Voltage Digital Multi Meters to the circuit (see Figure 2). Note : The red leads from the probes should be toward the positive terminal of the power supply. I 1 is the current flowing out of resistor R 1 , I 2 is the current flowing out of resistor R 2 and I total is the current flowing out of the power supply. V 1 is the voltage across resistor R 1 , I 2 is the voltage across resistor R 2 and V total is the voltage across the power supply. R eq is the equivalent resistance of the circuit. b. To start with, keep the power supply to 0 V. c. Report in Table 1 your Expected values of I 1 , I 2 , I total ,V 1 ,V 2 ,V total ∧ R eq for a power supply set to 12 V. d. Turn both the voltage and current knobs fully counterclockwise (off). Turn the control on the current half turn. e. Set now the power supply to 12 V. f. Report in Table 1 your Measured values of I 1 , I 2 , I total ,V 1 ,V 2 ,V total ∧ R eq . g. Report in Table 1 the Errors analysis between your Expected and Measured values. h. What is the relationship between the three voltage readings: I 1 , I 2 , and I total i. What is the relationship between the three voltage readings: V 1 , V 2 , and V total Table 2 : Expected Versus Measured values for R 1 = 10 k Ω and R 2 = 51 k Ω in parallel

Series and Parallel Circuits Lab 5 The relationship for I 1 , I 2 , and I total are proportional to the resistors used in the circuit. I total is the addition of I 1 and I 2 . The relationship for V 1 , V 2 , and V total are all the same because the circuit is a circuit in parallel. Expected Value Measured Value Error Analysis ( Measured − Expected Expected ) × 100 I 1 1.2 mA 1.2 mA 0% I 2 0.23525 mA 0.23 mA -2.231% I total 1.4353 mA 1.4353 0% V 1 12 V 12.07 V 0.58% V 2 12 V 12.07 V 0.58% V total 12 V 12.07 V 0.58% R eq 8.36*10 3 Ω R eq ,meas = V total I total 0.59% 8.409*10^3