PHYS222_Lab3

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School

The University of Tennessee, Knoxville *

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Course

222

Subject

Electrical Engineering

Date

Dec 6, 2023

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pdf

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Name: Taylor Totorp Email: ttotorp@vols.utk.edu Laboratory 3 Report Goal: The goal of this lab is to experiment with circuits in order better understand how the function under different stressors. Activity 1: (a) Δ V Battery Δ V wire A Δ V wire B Δ V Bulb I Bulb 40.00 0.00 0.00 40.00 1.33 (b) Δ V Battery I Battery Δ V any Bulb I any Bulb 40.00 14.67 80.00 8.00 (c) Δ V Battery I Battery Δ V any Bulb I any Bulb 40.00 2.86 11.43 1.14

(d) Δ V Battery I Battery Δ V Bulb 1 I Bulb 1 Δ V Bulb 2 I Bulb 2 Δ V Bulb 3 I Bulb 3 30.00 0.67 20.00 0.67 10.00 0.33 10.00 0.33 (e) Δ V Battery I Battery Δ V Bulb 1 I Bulb 1 Δ V Bulb 2 I Bulb 2 Δ V Bulb 3 I Bulb 3 28.72 0.67 19.15 0.64 9.57 0.32 9.57 0.32 Each measurement goes down slightly when resistance added. Activity 2: To determine whether a circuit element is ohmic or nonohmic, I would first have to take two circuits both with varying voltage sources and our element that is trying to be identified. I would use an ammeter to measure the current and voltage across each separate circuit with each voltage source and the same element being tested. I would take those measurements and record them in a table to be turned into a graph of the Voltage vs. the Current. Based on the trend line of the graph, I could determine if the circuit is ohmic based on if the trend line is linear. If the trend line is linear, then the circuit is ohmic since it follows ohm’s law. If the trend line is not linear, then the circuit is nonohmic. Activity 3:

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 Voltage (V) Time (t) Voltage vs. Time

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• The measured time constant of the RC circuit is 9.9108 (calculated by -0.1009 = 1/x). • The expected constant was 10 (calculated from τ = RC) , so the measured time constant that I found was very close to what was expected. • It took about 6.9 seconds to charge the capacitor to Vc = 4.5 V (measured that time at 4.48V). • It takes about 6.0 seconds to discharge the capacitor to Vc = 4.5 V (measured time at 4.48 V). Reflection: y = -0.1009x -5 -4.5 -4 -3.5 -3 -2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 Time (s) ln(1- Vc/Vo) ln(1 - Vc/Vo) vs. Time 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 10 20 30 40 50 Voltage (Vc) Time (s) Voltage vs. Time

This lab focused on understanding how circuits run and the measurement of voltage within it. In activities 1-3, we went through different simulations of the circuits to better understand their purposes and how they run. In activity 1, we were given the circuits to make at first in order to better understand how they are measured and function. Then, we made our own in order to both maximize and minimize light from a bulb. This second part of activity 1 made me unsure at first, but once I experimented more with different circuit creations, I think I was better able to understand how to maximize and minimize the light output. Activity 2 was more of a theoretical discussion. After watching the videos, I had to explain how one can test to find if an electrical circuit is ohmic or not, which I think I understood by the end of the videos. The last part, activity 3, took our understandings of circuit building, and then tested how this would measure with a capacitator. Honestly, this was this easiest part of the lab for me. I think this was because we had already built the foundation with circuits in the previous activities. I was able to then just measure the voltage change over time. I did have one difficulty in the first measurements where my time measurement of voltage 3.53 V was recorded at 4.0 seconds, however the voltage 3.03 V was recorded at 4.1 seconds. This was likely a mistake when recording the times, however it could affect my final measurements of the time constant.