ESET210Prelab45

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Texas A&M University *

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210

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Electrical Engineering

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Feb 20, 2024

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1 Texas A & M University Pre-Lab Experiment 4&5 ESET 310-508 Contact: Caleb Sparks (729009916)

2 Pre-Lab Experiment DC 4: Series Resistance Purpose: The goal of this lab is to examine different aspects of series resistance. This includes determining the total resistance of a series dc circuit using either Ohm’s law or by measurement, examining the effect of relative magnitude of a series resistor on total resistance of a dc circuit, learning how to identify if resistors are in series, and continuing to gain confidence using the DMM ohmmeter. Materials: Resistors: 3 100-Ω (¼-W film resistors) 1 220-Ω, 330-Ω, 1-kΩ, 100-kΩ, (¼-W film resistors) Instruments: 1 DC Power Supply and 1 DMM (Digital Multimeter) Procedure: 1. Two Series Resistors: Build the circuit in Fig 4.3, measure the values of each resistor and calculate the total resistance while recording results in Table 4.1. Measure total resistance using the DMM and find the percent difference. Record all results in Table 4.1. Set the supply to 8V using the DMM, turn off supply, and construct the circuit shown in Fig 4.4. Set the DMM as a milliammeter and set the ammeter to the highest scale. Once done, turn on supply and record the ammeter reading in Table 4.1. Using prior data, calculate total resistance and percent difference while recording in Table 4.1. 2. Three Series Resistors: Build the circuit shown in Fig 4.5, find measured resistor values and calculate the total resistance then calculate the percent difference. Apply 8V to measure the source current then calculate the total resistance and compare to the measured value. Calculate the percent difference of these and record all previous values in Table 4.2. 3. A Composite: Build the circuit shown in Fig 4.6, find measured resistor values and calculate the total resistance then calculate the percent difference. Apply 8V to measure the source current then calculate the total resistance and compare to the measured value. Calculate the percent difference of these and record all previous values in Table 4.3. 4. Equal Series Resistors: Build the circuit in Fig 4.7, while finding the measured resistor values and using nominal resistor values to calculate the total resistance. Using the DMM, measure the total resistance and use percent difference to compare values. Find whether it is appropriate to use R T = NR and nominal resistor values. Calculate the total resistance using the measured values and calculate the percent difference using this. Record all values mentioned in this section in Table 4.4. 5. Different Levels of Resistance: Build the circuit shown in Fig 4.8, find measured resistor values and calculate the total resistance. Using the DMM, measure the total resistance and calculate the resistance if R 1 is ignored due to the disparity in resistance to the 100-kΩ resistor. Remeasure using the DMM after removal, calculate the percent difference, and calculate total resistance if both R 1 and R 2 are removed. Using the DMM, measure total resistance with both resistors removed and calculate percent difference. Examining the percent difference, determine whether it is a good assumption the total resistance of a series circuit is equal to the largest resistor if that resistor is significantly larger than the other resistors. Apply 10V to Fig 4.8 and measure the current (it will be in the microampere range). Determine the magnitude of the percent difference

3 between the measured value and the calculated value. Insert all values mentioned previously in Table 4.5. 6. Part 6: Build the circuit shown in Fig 4.9, record all measured resistor values and calculate total resistance and insert in Table 4.6. Using the DMM, record total resistance of the network and calculate the magnitude of the percent difference between the previously recorded values. Write how the 1-kΩ resistor impacted the total resistance. 7. Part 7: Build the circuit shown in Fig 4.10, record all measured resistor values and calculate total resistance and insert in Table 4.7. Using the DMM, record total resistance of the network and calculate the magnitude of the percent difference between the previously recorded values. Write how you determined which resistors in Fig 4.10 were in series. Pre-Lab Experiment DC 5: Series DC Circuits Purpose: The goal of this lab is to introduce students to the applications of Kirchhoff’s voltage law. During experimentation, students will measure voltages and current of a series DC circuit, demonstrate Kirchhoff’s voltage law, test the use cases of the voltage divider rule, and once again increase familiarity with the DMM and VOM measuring devices. Materials: Resistors: 1 100-Ω, 220-Ω, 330-Ω, 470-Ω, 680-Ω, 1-kΩ, 1-MΩ (¼-W film resistors) Instruments: 1 DMM (Digital Multimeter) 1 dc Power Supply Procedure: 1. Basic Measurements: Gather all materials and construct the circuit shown in Fig 5.2. Set E = 12V and record values of all the resistors using the DMM. Note the polarity of voltage across each element while measuring voltage of the supply and each resistor. Record the voltages in Table 5.1, then determine if Kirchhoff’s law is accurate around path ABCD. Next, use Ohm’s law to calculate the current and voltage around each resistor in regard to measured voltage and resistor value. Record in units of mA in Table 5.1. Determine how the level of I1, I2, and I3 compare as well as the conclusions you draw about the current in a series circuit by examining the previous calculations. Using Fig 5.3, measure the current positions of A, B, C, and D and record in Table 5.2. Examine the results and conclude if they verify if the current relates to a series circuit. Using the measured resistor values, calculate current in mA and the total resistance and record in Table 5.3. Using the formula R T = E/I, compute the total resistance, the source current at point A, and record both in Table 5.3. Determine how R T compares with the previously recorded value. Shut down and disconnect the DC power supply. Measure total resistance once again across points A-D using the DMM and record the value in Table 5.3. Compare this value with the two previously recorded values. 2. Voltage Divider Rule: Build the circuit shown in Fig 5.4 and record the measured resistor values. Given that the resistor R 2 is three times the value of R 1 , compare the difference between R 1 and R 2 . Measure V 1 and V 2 , recording in Table 5.4 while

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4 determining if the previous assumption was correct. It is stated that the resistor R 3 is two times R 2 and six times R 1 . Find the expected comparison between V 3 and V 1 and V 2 . Measure V 3 and record in Table 5.4 while determining if the above conclusion was verified. Using the voltage divider rule and measured resistor values, calculate V 3 and record in Table 5.4. Find the magnitude of the percent difference between the measured value of V 3 and the calculated value using the following equation Find V 4 using the voltage divider rule and measured resistor values while also using the DMM and recording all results in Table 5.4. Determine the percent difference by using the formula shown above and record result in Table 5.4. Finally, construct the circuit shown in Fig 5.5 and think about how you think the resistors R 1 and R 2 will affect the applied voltage to divide between the series resistive elements. In addition, how will V 1 and V 2 compare to the applied voltage. Measure V 1 and V 2 , and compare values to your hypothesis. 3. Open Circuits: Build the network that is seen in Fig 5.6 and record the value of each resistor. In Table 5.5, record V1, V2, and V3 using formulas to calculate and the DMM. Determine whether the measured values confirm the calculated values.