Hw#2ReverseNeed

Incremental fuel costs in dollars per megawatthour for a plant consisting of two units are given by:dC(P)/dP = 0.0080 P1 + 8.0dC(P)/dP = 0.0096 P2 + 6.4Assume that both units are operating at all times, that total load varies from 250 to 1250 MW, and that maximum and minimum loads on each unit are to be 625MW and 100MW respectively. Find the incremental fuel cost and the allocation of load between units for the minimum cost of various total loads.Write your answers in the given format below.

With the aid of well labeled diagrams, explain the principle of operation of: a. a pyranometer. b. a wind turbine, from resource to electrical power

A housing estate is being built and the electrical system for each house from a range of 2 to 20-bedroom houses from single floor apartments to 3 storey buildings are on offer throughout the estate. There are commercial buildings to be constructed for shopping purposes as well. What risks exist and what are the components and methods we use to mitigate these risks both at the substation and at the consumer/ residential side. Describe how these would all fit together.

Explain the concept of electrical load balancing in power systems. How is load balancing achieved, and why is it important for the stability of the electrical grid?

8- The annual fixed costs for a plant are $100,000, and the variable costs are $140,000 at 70% utilization of available capacity, with net sales of $280,000. What is the breakeven point in units of production if the selling price per unit is $40? 9- A plant has capacity of 4100 hydraulic pumps per month. The fixed cost is $504000 per month. The variable cost is $166 per pump, and sales price is

Cost of a 600 kW wind turbine is $ 550000. Other initial costs including that for installation and grid integration are 30 per cent of the turbine cost. Useful life of the system is 20 years. Annual O&M costs plus the land rent come to 3.5 per cent of the turbine cost. Calculate the cost of generating electricity from the turbine when it is installed at a site having a capacity factor of 0.25. The real rate of interest may be taken as 5 %.

Sustainable energy folks are investigating the possibility of creating super sized banks of capacitors that store electrical energy during low demand times so that it can be used during peak demand times. Suppose such a capacitor was designed to deliver 3.50 Megawatts for a period of 8.00 hours. (1 Megawatt is 1 million Watts). By how much would this capacitor bank's mass decrease as it is discharged? ________ kg

Explain the concept of a smart grid and its potential benefits for modern power systems.

An operator expects the system load to be constant for the next few hours at 360 MW. a) How many identical 60 MW thermal units must he commit and spin if the failure rate o each is 5 f/yr, the lead time is 2 hours and the unit commitment risk must be less tha 0.005 b) How should these units be dispatched in order to minimize the 5 minutes respons risk if the response rate of each is linear at 1 MW/minute c) Evaluate the response risk if the system requires a minimum of 35 MW to respon within 5 minutes. d?e?nfinutes.

How does IoT technology contribute to the development of smart grids and energy management at an advanced level?

/A/How do surface features and terrain impact wind patterns, and what considerations should be taken into account when placing a wind turbine to maximize efficiency?M]

Explain the concept of smart grids and their impact on the future of power systems.

Could you explain how these factors cause the degradation?

Why it is necessary to investigate electricity wheeling cost and what is at stake if this topic is not investigated?

7. Describe the direct connection, series and parallel methods of measurements using Q-meters? Why and how do we use these methods, explain in brief.