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ENGR 43
Lab Activity
Student Guide
LAB 7 – What’s a Watt?
Student Name: __Thi Lan Nhi Pham__________ Overview
In this lab activity, you will make several different measurements with the Kill-A-Watt
power monitor on common electrical and electronic devices. You will compare your measurements to rated values on the devices, evaluate the data, draw conclusions where possible, and save the data for use in a later activity.
Learning Outcomes For Activity
Relevant knowledge (K), skill (S), or attitude (A) student learning outcomes
K1.
Identify basic electrical quantities and units
K2.
Compare measured data with rated values
K3.
Compare power consumption of common devices
S1.
Record data from a power monitor
S2.
Enter data into a pre-defined spreadsheet form
A1.
Appreciate the impact of individual devices on a home’s total energy usage. Getting Started
Lab Activity and Deliverables: It should take students approximately 2 hours to complete the lab activity, and 1 hour of homework time to complete the lab report.
Equipment & Supplies
Item
Quantity
All equipment stations set up by instructor
1
Special Safety Requirements
Use common safety precautions when working near fans and hot lights.
The Kill-A-Watt power monitor uses standard electrical plugs and outlets, but standard precautions should be used whenever working near 120 VAC. Make
sure all plugs are fully connected. Don’t touch the prongs as you plug or unplug a
connection.
Lab Preparation
1.
The lab instructor will set up the devices and power meters around the lab.
2.
You may work individually or in groups of two or three, but all students must verify the measurements, examine the ratings stickers on the units under test (UUT), and record the values on their worksheets.
Task #1 – Electrical Measurements
and Units
Review the following online presentations to
better understand some of the electrical quantities and units of measurement that you
will measure in this activity.
1.
Power Factor
https://www.wisc-online.com/learn/career-
clusters/stem/ace2903/power-factor
2.
Power Factor Correction
https://www.wisc-online.com/learn/career-
clusters/stem/ace3303/power-factor-
correction-2
Lab 7 – What’s a Watt?
© 2012
ENGR 43
1
ENGR 43
Lab Activity
Student Guide
Task #2 – Power Survey
You are assigned the role of a facilities technician, with the responsibility for reducing the monthly electricity bill. Your supervisor has prepared a list of several devices that are left on during the business day, and several measurements that she has requested that you take to determine areas of
potential savings.
1.
Download the lab worksheet Engr43lab8.xlsx from the Canvas link. Open the file in Excel and print one page
to use as a worksheet as you collect the data.
2.
Locate each of the stations where a Kill-
A-Watt
power monitor is connected to a unit under test (UUT). Note that the three lamps and the fan are all at the same station, each with an individual Kill-A-Watt
, and a fifth Kill-A-Watt
connected to the outlet strip powering the four UUTs.
3.
Move among the stations and collect the data as shown on the worksheet. You may go to the devices in any sequence.
4.
For each of the listed UUT, locate the electrical rating sticker (usually near the AC power cord, or stamped on the lamps). Record the volt, amp, and/or watt ratings for the device. Note that many times one of the values will not be listed. In the case of power supplies and chargers, be sure to record the input (AC) ratings and not the output (DC) ratings.
5.
For each UUT and for the listed conditions (“on,” “high,” “low,” etc.), read the measured value from the Kill-A-
Watt. Push the button under the Kill-A-
Watt LCD display to select each value. The watts/VA, Hz/PF, and KWH/Hour buttons are toggle functions. Press once to select function, and a second time to see the other value. Be sure to look at the
LCD display to see which units are being displayed:
Volts
: The source voltage supplied to the
UUT, typically 115 to 120 Volts
Amps
: The current flowing through the UUT, displayed in Amps
Watts
: The power consumed by the UUT, displayed in Watts
VA
: The apparent power, which is the voltage multiplied by the amperage, in VA
Hz
: The frequency (cycles per second) of the AC voltage, displayed in Hertz
PF
: The power factor for the UUT
KWH
: Kilowatt-hours, which is the total
energy consumed.
Hour
: Total hours:minutes that the Kill-
A-Watt
has been monitoring the UUT.
6.
After you have collected all the data in Table 1, Re-open the Excel file Engr43Lab8.xlsx.
7.
Copy your handwritten data into the cells in Table 1. Notice that some of the values are automatically copied into Table 2. This happens because Table 2 uses a cell reference
to copy the data from Table 1. Table 2 also uses a function
to add the values of the four UUT.
8.
The data from Table 2 are used to produce the chart comparing the real power and apparent power for the UUTs connected to the outlet strip. Compare this with the power factor, real power, and apparent power for the outlet strip.
9.
After you have entered all the data, print your worksheet, then save your file on your USB drive.
10. Refer to your data worksheet and answer
the questions in the Power Survey Report.
Lab 7 – What’s a Watt?
© 2012
ENGR 43
2
ENGR 43
Lab Activity
Student Guide
Deliverable(s)
Print and turn in your completed Excel Worksheet. Answer the questions in the Power Survey Report (below). Lab 1 Power Survey Report
Wattage
Which devices consume the most power? Which consume the least? What recommendations would you make for reducing the monthly power bill in a facility that has several of all of these devices? (Hint: If you left the Kill-a-Watt monitors connected for several days, what measurement(s) may be more useful than power for making your recommendations)
Heat Gun on high mode consumes the most power, while the outlet strip with no UUT consumes the least amount of power. To save money, all devices must be unplugged and turned off. KWH maybe helpful in calculating the total power.
There have been several public-service ads asking people to unplug their cell phone chargers when not charging the phone. How effective do you think this would be? What other actions could be more effective in saving power?
It is ideal that everything should be unplugged if not being used since it would reduce electrical consumption. However, it doesn’t have a significant difference because phone chargers use a very small amount of energy. Lab 7 – What’s a Watt?
© 2012
ENGR 43
3
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ENGR 43
Lab Activity
Student Guide
Total Power Usage
Compare the total watts and VA from the outlet strip power monitor. How does it compare with the added total wattage and VA of the four individual UUTs? Can you explain the significance of
the data? (Hint: It’s related to the Power Factor measurements.)
The outlet does not work so can’t compare
Rated vs. Measured Values
How do the rated values compare with your measured values?
Measured is lower than the rated value.
Why do the rating labels often only list amperage or wattage? Why is voltage never omitted?
Rating labs often only list amperage or wattage since voltage could be calculated using current
and power: V = P/I and voltage differs depend on the country.
Lab 7 – What’s a Watt?
© 2012
ENGR 43
4
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