SCIE3006-Class Assignment1 (1)

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Humber College *

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3006

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Electrical Engineering

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Feb 20, 2024

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Class Assignment I: Energy, Efficiency and Resources Subject: SCIE 3006- RE and Sustainable Future Student Name(s): _Ngan Nguyen_________________________ Date: 1/17/2024---------------------- Note: Please thoroughly read and understand the questions, discuss with classmates, if possible, research online, and provide an appropriate response. Feel free to ask me for help if needed. Question 1: Difference in the Power and Energy: The difference between power and energy is that power (W or kW (kilowatts)) is the rate at which electricity is consumed or produced, while energy (kWh (kilowatt-hours)) is the total quantity consumed or produced over a period (usually in hours or one-year). Examples of the Power and Energy: To produce identical light (lumens) from Incandescent and LED lamps, the power ratings (W) of incandescent and LED lamps are 100 W and 18 W, respectively. Please calculate the missing values in the columns of Tables 1 and 2 using the examples from the first row. (The price of electricity is assumed to be $0.20/kWh). Table 1: Incandescent bulbs (100 W) No. of bulbs Energy (10 hrs) Price (0.20/kWh) 1 (completed) 1 x 100 W x 10 h= 1000 Wh =1 kWh $0.20 5 5 x 100 W x 10 h= 5000Wh=5kWh $1 10 10 x 100 W x 10 h= 10000Wh=10kWh $2 25 25 x 100 W x 10 h= 25000Wh=25kWh $5 Table 2: LED bulbs (18 W) No. of bulbs Energy (10 hrs) Price (0.20/kWh) 1 (completed) 1 x 18 W x 10 h=180Wh=0.18 kWh $0.036 5 5 x 18 W x 10 h=900Wh=0.9 kWh Page 1 of 7

10 10 x 18 W x 10 h=1800Wh=1.8 kWh 25 25 x 18 W x 10 h=4500Wh=4.5 kWh What information can be derived from the data presented in Tables 1 and 2 (for instance, this data includes details about energy consumption, electricity prices, and the comparative savings achieved through LED lighting compared to incandescent bulbs)? Question 2: Please write the names of the major fossil fuels, renewable energy sources, and greenhouse gases in the Table below. Fossil fuels (non-Renewables) Coal, oil(petroleum), natural gas Renewable Energy Sources Solar energy, Hydropower, Geothermal energy Greenhouse gas Carbon Dioxide,Methane Question 3: What are energy conservation and energy efficiency? Could you provide two examples of each? Have you come across any government programs aimed at supporting energy conservation or efficiency? Energy conservation: is the process of utilizing less energy through the adoption of efficient technologies and the avoidance of needless waste. It entails cutting back on overall energy use Page 2 of 7

without sacrificing the calibre of goods or services. Example: putting electronics and lights off when not in use. Energy efficiency: entails utilizing less energy to complete the same tasks. It entails the creation and implementation of technologies and procedures that use less energy to deliver the same level of service. Example:LED Lighting Home Energy Conservation Programs (Canada): In Canada, many provinces and territories offer cash incentives, rebates, and assistance to homes that implement energy-efficient measures. For example, programmes may provide incentives for upgrading to more energy-efficient heating systems or boosting insulation. Question 4: Province-wide energy conservation programs are established by the Ontario government and delivered by local utilities (such as Toronto Hydro, Enbridge) to help households/industry/business save energy and reduce their electricity consumptions. Conservation can mean energy efficiency (e.g., more efficient appliances or better insulated buildings) or changing behavior (reducing or eliminating energy consumption). “Demand response ” is another kind of conservation to help to reduce the amount of electricity used when it’s at its most expensive, as a way of limiting the need for new sources. Where do you think the government should make the most effort in the future to reduce the electricity demand? Understand the meaning of underline words and rank the following statements in order of importance, 1 being the most important and 7 is least (the response is a subjective selection). Please justify the reasoning of your rank in the given space. (“Demand Response”: In-demand response, voluntary rationing is accomplished by price incentives—offering lower electricity pricing in exchange for reduced power consumption in peak periods). Rank Possible solutions to reduce electricity use 7 Better consumer tools to analyze and understand personal electricity use 2 More public education on ways to reduce and shift electricity use 5 Strengthening energy efficiency standards for household items (e.g., Energy Page 3 of 7

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Star) 1 Phasing out inefficient products more quickly (e.g., Incandescent bulbs) 6 Demand response programs for ratepayers (like Peaksaver Plus) 3 Programs to help businesses and institutions to lower their energy use 4 Stronger energy efficiency standards in house/building codes Please justify the reasoning of your rank in the following space (in few sentences): The Ontario government ought to prioritize the adoption of advanced technology to enhance energy efficiency. Ceasing the sale of inefficient products in the market and introducing superior and more energy-efficient alternatives should be a key focus. Furthermore, there is a need for increased public education on energy-saving practices to encourage individuals to actively contribute to energy conservation. Implementing programs to assist businesses in reducing their energy consumption could also be beneficial. Question 5: Ontario’s mix of electricity was 60% nuclear, 26% hydro, 4% natural gas, 10% wind and solar, 0% coal. Coal generation in Ontario was eliminated by the end of 2014. What strategies should Ontario use for its future mix of electricity sources? Rank the following statements in order of importance, 1 being the most important priority and 7 is least priority. (The response is a subjective selection) Rank Options 1 We should continue to reduce GHG emissions beyond eliminating coal 7 The lowest-cost source should be our priority 4 I think the supply mix is fine as it is 3 We need to focus more on conservation 6 Natural gas is our best option for future electricity 5 Nuclear power is our best option Page 4 of 7

2 Green energy (e.g., wind, solar, hydro) is our best option Please justify the reasoning of your rank in the following space (in few sentences): We need to prioritize the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions as they have detrimental effects on the environment, leading to drastic changes. Shifting our focus towards green energy is crucial at this point, given its renewable nature. In my opinion, green energy stands out as the optimal choice for the future. It's essential to reduce dependence on non-renewable sources like natural gas and nuclear power. Question 6: A significant amount of Ontario’s conservation and demand management program is delivered by local electricity and natural gas companies (such as Toronto Hydro, Enbridge). What is your impression of how well your community/institution/company is doing to reduce electricity and natural gas demands? (Choose one (X)) (the response is a subjective selection) Selection Options I’m happy with the amount of conservation I see in my surroundings X I think we’re doing ok, but we could be doing more I don’t see a lot of evidence of electricity/gas conservation effort in my experience. If it’s going on, I’m not aware about it We’re not a very energy-efficient community. We need to do a lot more just to keep up supply Do you have any other suggestions to improve energy conservation? We are making optimal use of cutting-edge technology to implement the best possible practices. These companies provide customers with highly efficient energy products and offer flexible rates based on usage time. They also keep us well-informed and educated about electricity-saving tips and alternatives to minimize bills and waste. However, there is always room for improvement, and we could enhance our efforts by replacing old appliances with newer, greener, and more energy-efficient options. Collaboratively, we can make a significant difference. Page 5 of 7

Question 7: We produce enough electricity in Ontario to meet our needs, but in the past, sometimes we had to import electricity from neighbors (Manitoba, Quebec, Michigan, Minnesota, and New York). Should we consider importing electricity instead of building new generation facilities here? Rank the following statements in order of importance, 1 being the most important and 5 is least. (The response is a subjective selection) Rank Options 1 We should import from other Canadian provinces if it’s more affordable than building new sources. 2 We should import from American states if it’s more affordable than building new sources. 5 We should only import if it’s from green sources. 3 We should never import but build new generation sources based on green power (solar, wind) to stay self-sufficient. 4 We should only build new electricity generation facility to creates more jobs for Ontarians. Please justify the reasoning of your rank in the following space (in few sentences): Importing is cheaper than producing domestically. Furthermore, developing additional electricity generation facilities solely to create jobs defies the purpose of electricity generation in Ontario, where we currently have surplus electricity. Finally, given current technology, it is almost impossible to generate electricity only from renewable sources. The objective should be to produce self-sustaining, greener, and more efficient electricity in the long term rather than importing it. The government should develop 5- to 10-year plans and adjust accordingly, as well as establish new facilities and halt any import slowdowns that are currently occurring. Question 8: Page 6 of 7

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Different regions of Ontario have different electricity needs. Some regions have heavy industry (such as Hamilton Area), while others have rapidly growing communities (such as Toronto, Brampton). Do you feel that regions and municipalities will be considered in future energy planning? Please indicate whether you agree or disagree with each of the following statements: A region should be responsible for generating at least some of its own power. (The response is a subjective selection) Agree/ Disagree Options disagree A region should be responsible for generating at least some of its own power agree Regions should have the option to buy all their power from sources in another region, if the power is available from green sources agree Regions should make conservation their priority to reduce the need for new supply Please justify the reasoning of your selection in the following space (in few sentences): Future planning is necessary and should be regarded significant. A region should not be responsible for generating its own power because it may lack the necessary resources or may not be economically viable to do so. The region's primary priority should be on energy saving if it cannot produce it on its own, followed by generation. Page 7 of 7