Stationary Sources_Carlson, Cheyenne

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American Public University *

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414

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Electrical Engineering

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Feb 20, 2024

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1 Stationary Sources Cheyenne Carlson American Military University EVSP414 Air Quality Management Professor Molly Whitworth August 20, 2023

STATIONARY SOURCES 2 Stationary Sources Particle collection is crucial in many industries, and choosing the correct device for the job is essential. Cyclones, baghouses, and electrostatic precipitators are three of the most used machines. While they all serve the same function, each device uses different physical principles to collect particles. Cyclones are commonly used in particulate control systems to remove particulate matter from industrial exhaust streams. The process of cyclone separation involves the use of centrifugal force to separate particulate matter from the gas stream. The gas stream enters the cyclone tangentially, causing it to spin around the inside of the cyclone. As the particles spin around, they are thrown outside the cyclone due to centrifugal force. The separated particles then fall into a collection hopper at the bottom of the cyclone (BISCO Enterprise, 2017). One of the advantages of cyclones is that they are relatively simple and inexpensive to operate. They also do not require much maintenance, making them a popular choice for large- scale industrial applications. However, there are also some disadvantages. Cyclones can sometimes have a high-pressure drop, reducing the overall system's efficiency (Environmental Protection Agency, 2008). Despite these limitations, cyclones remain a popular choice for particulate control in many industries due to their low cost and ease of operation. Baghouses are an essential part of particulate control systems designed to reduce the amount of airborne particles released into the atmosphere. These systems are commonly used in industrial settings with a high concentration of particulate matter, such as factories, power plants, and cement plants. The process of a baghouse involves capturing particulate matter in a series of

STATIONARY SOURCES 3 fabric bags that are arranged in a cylindrical shape. The bags are made of a high-quality filtration material that traps the particles while allowing clean air to pass through (BISCO Enterprise, 2017). As the particulate matter collects on the surface of the bags, it forms a layer of dust called a "cake." This cake helps to increase the filtration efficiency of the bags, as well as prolong their lifespan. One of the main advantages of using a baghouse is that it is highly effective at removing particulate matter from the air. Baghouses can capture particles as small as 0.3 microns, which is much smaller than the human eye can see (Industrial Quick Search, 2020). This makes them ideal for applications where tiny particles must be removed from the air. However, there are also some disadvantages to using a baghouse. The main drawback is that they require regular maintenance to function correctly. The bags must be cleaned or replaced periodically to prevent the buildup of dust and other particles, which can reduce their effectiveness. Additionally, baghouses can be expensive to install and operate, especially in applications where large amounts of particulate matter must be captured. Despite these challenges, baghouses remain an essential part of particulate control systems and are widely used in industrial settings worldwide. Electrostatic Precipitators are widely used in industrial settings for controlling particulate emissions. They remove dust and other small particles from the air through electrostatic attraction (University of Calgary, 2023). Electrostatic precipitators are particularly effective at removing fine particulates that are difficult to capture using other methods. The electrostatic precipitation process involves using high-voltage electrodes to create an electrical field within the device. As the polluted air passes through the field, the particles become charged. These charged particles then move toward the collection plates, typically made of metal or other

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STATIONARY SOURCES 4 conductive materials. The plates are charged with the opposite polarity to the particles, causing them to be attracted to the plates and stick to them. The clean air is then released back into the environment. One of the main advantages of using electrostatic precipitators is that they are highly effective at removing particulate matter from the air. They can capture particles as small as 0.01 microns, much smaller than other air pollution control technologies can capture (Industrial Quick Search, 2020). Additionally, electrostatic precipitators have a shallow pressure drop, so they don't require much energy to operate. This makes them a cost-effective solution for controlling air pollution. However, they can be expensive to install and maintain and require a lot of space. The collection plates can also become overloaded with collected particles and require frequent cleaning or replacement. There is also a risk of ozone production, as the high voltage used in electrostatic precipitators can sometimes create ozone as a byproduct. Each particle collection system has advantages and disadvantages. Cyclones are simple and low-cost but less effective at removing smaller particles. Baghouses are efficient and effective at removing a wide range of particle sizes but can be more expensive to operate and maintain. Electrostatic precipitators are very effective at removing particles of all sizes but can also be more costly to operate and maintain. When choosing a system, it's essential to consider your application's specific needs and weigh each plan's pros and cons carefully.

STATIONARY SOURCES 5 References BISCO Enterprise. (2017, April 5). The Best Types of Dust Collectors for Your Business . BISCO Clean Air System. https://biscoair.com/blog/the-best-types-of-dust-collectors-for-your- business/ Environmental Protection Agency. (2005). Air Pollution Control Technology Fact Sheet. https://www3.epa.gov/ttnchie1/mkb/documents/fcyclon.pdf Environmental Protection Agency. (2008, November). Air Pollution Control Equipment. https://archive.epa.gov/region6/6pd/rcra_c/pd-o/web/pdf/a4a-apc-equipment.pdf Godish, T., Davis, W. T., & Fu, J. S. (2014). Air quality . Taylor & Francis Group. Industrial Quick Search. (2020). Air Filters. https://www.iqsdirectory.com/articles/air-filter.html University of Calgary. (2023). Air Pollution Control Devices . Energy Education. https://energyeducation.ca/encyclopedia/Air_pollution_control_devices