PHYSIC 382_Lab#1

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382

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Electrical Engineering

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Feb 20, 2024

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Menhel Almurani PHYSIC 382-01 Lab report #1 1/31/24 Temperature of Diode  OBJECTIVES The purpose of this lab is to learn how barrier potential of the diode charges with temperature and to study the current-voltage relationship of a diode. The theory to be used in this lab is simple diode theory.  Procedure 1. I-V characteristics of a diode a. This experiment set up we used one 10 kΩ resistor, a 1N914 semiconductor diode, two digital multimeters, and a function generator. b. Connecting the diode to the digital meter set to the 'diode testing' mode. c. The meter beeped a value of -0.579v which is the voltage of the diode. d. Connecting the resistor and the diode in series to the function generator. e. We collected the data of the voltage across the Resistor and voltage across the Diode. f. Plotting the current vs diode voltage. g. Last thing we had to calculate the % difference of these voltages and explain the results. 2. Temperature dependence of the cut-in voltage of a semiconductor diode (1N914) a. In this part we had to connect the diode to the DVM. b. We get the cut-in voltage for the Diode at room, water, and ice temperatures. c. Setting up the input voltage at 1 volt. d. Then we started collecting the data for diode voltage at temperatures from ice cold at 0.7 ˚ C to hot 99 ˚ C. e. Recording the change in the diode voltage after every 5 ˚ C. f. Plotting diode voltage vs Temperature graph.  DATA _PLOTS 1. I-V characteristics of a diode V in (v) V R (v) V Diode (v) I (A) V D = V in -V R % ERROR

Calculated -10 -0.01 -10 -0.000001 -9.99 0.1 -8 -0.008 -7.99 -0.0000008 -7.992 0.025 -6 -0.006 -6 -0.0000006 -6.006 0.099 -4 -0.004 -4 -0.0000004 -4.004 0.099 -2.1 -0.002 -2 -0.0000002 -2.098 4.67 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0 0.041 0 0.1 59 0.2 0 0.095 0 0.2 52.5 0.3 0 0.192 0 0.3 36 0.4 0.002 0.274 0.0000002 0.398 31.15 0.5 0.022 0.36 0.0000022 0.478 24.69 0.5 0.054 0.391 0.0000054 0.446 12.33 0.5 0.078 0.403 0.0000078 0.422 4.5 0.6 0.099 0.412 0.0000099 0.501 17.7 0.6 0.09 0.408 0.000009 0.51 20 0.7 0.199 0.436 0.0000199 0.501 12.97 0.8 0.307 0.451 0.0000307 0.493 8.5 0.9 0.399 0.46 0.0000399 0.501 8.18 1 0.5 0.469 0.00005 0.5 6.2 1.1 0.598 0.475 0.0000598 0.502 5.38 1.2 0.7 0.481 0.00007 0.5 3.8 1.3 0.798 0.486 0.0000798 0.502 3.2 1.4 0.896 0.491 0.0000896 0.504 2.58  The problem we had in this part of the experiment is that the %error for us is too high. To me the only explanation for that is the equipment and some wires were connected resistor on top of the other, and that might cause some loss in voltage across the Resistor.

-12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 0 0 0 V_D vs Current test Diode Voltage (v) Corrent (A) 2. Temperature dependence T (˚C) V D (v) 0.7 0.635 5 0.626 10 0.619 15 0.608 20 0.6 25 0.587 30 0.577 35 0.566 40 0.555 45 0.544 50 0.536 55 0.524 60 0.514 65 0.503 70 0.493

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75 0.483 80 0.473 85 0.461 90 0.451 95 0.44 99 0.431 V R ice (V) 0.29 V R Room (V) 0.317 V R water (V) 0.599 Ice T( ˚ C) 0.7 Water T( ˚ C) 17.5 Room T( ˚ C) 18.5 I Ice (A) I Room (A) I water (A) 0.000029 3.17E-05 6.37E-05 Slope= ∆V D ∆T 0.5346 49.9857 0.0107 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 Temperature vs Voltage Water Temperature (˚C) Diode Voltage (v)  This second part went a lot better than the first part we had no mistakes. Everything went exactly as it should.  CONCLUSION

For this experiment, from what we understand from our data in the second part of the experiment, we found that the Temperature dependence of the cut-in voltage decreases as the temperature increases. We also found that as the temperature rises exponentially the reverse saturation current also rises. We varied the temperature and recorded our observations, making our lab successful. We did have trouble throughout the first part of the experiment with the lab equipment and our diode, we were getting the right readings and measurements, but it could’ve been better.