Unit 3 Homework_ Levels of Measurement

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Unit 3 Homework: Levels of Measurement (32 points) Your Name: Zander Guadalupe Due at 10 AM, Tuesday, 9/26/2023 In this homework, we will use data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) , a program of studies designed to assess the health and nutritional status of adults and children in the United States and conducted from the early 1960s to present. The NHANES examines a nationally representative sample of about 5,000 persons across the country each year. We will use the demographic data collected the 2011-2012 NHANES. A copy of the full data documentation and codebook can be found at: https://wwwn.cdc.gov/Nchs/Nhanes/2011-2012/DEMO_G.htm Exercise 1: Identifying Levels of Measurement (12 points) Question 1. Here is a screenshot of the gender variable in 2011-2012 NHANES. What is the variable name? RIAGENDER What does it measure? Gender What is the level of measurement and why? (4 points) Both male and females from 0 years - 150 years. Because that’s the target it’s measuring from. Question 2. Here is a screenshot of the annual family income variable in 2011-2012 NHANES. What is the variable name? INDFMIN2 What does it measure? Annual family income What is the level of measurement and why? (4 points) Both male and females from 0 years - 150 years. Because that’s the target it’s measuring from. Question 3. Here is a screenshot of the income-to-poverty ratio variable in 2011-2012 NHANES. What is the variable name (1 point)? INDFMPIR What does it measure (1 point)? A ratio of family income to poverty What is the level of measurement (1 point) and why (1 point)? (4 points in total) Both male and females from 0 years - 150 years. Because that’s the target it’s measuring from. Exercise 2: Mode vs. Median (8 points) Question 1. Look at the variable below. How many unique values does this variable include (1 point)? 7 What is the mode (1 point)? Non-hispanic white. 2973
What is the number of observations for the mode (1 point)? 2973 What is the median (1 point)? (4 points in total) 387, 1076, 1282, 1355, 2683, 2973. The median is 1318.5 Question 2. Look at the variable below. What is the mode (1 point)? 20 year or more, but less than 30 What is the number of observations for the mode (1 point)? 360 What is the median (2 points)? (4 points in total) 61, 80, 125, 220, 249, 258, 303, 345, 360 The median is 249. Exercise 3: Mean, Median, and Mode (12 points) In this exercise, we’ll look at the ratio of family income to poverty in two ways (the variable is named INDFMPIR) – a histogram and some summary statistics. The above summary of the data shows Min. (the minimum value), 1 st Qu. (the first quartile), Median, Mean, 3 rd Qu (the third quartile), and Max. (the maximum value). We’ll discuss these other DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS later, but for this exercise you only need the Mean and the Median values. Question 1. What is the value of the mode? (1 point) 5 Question 2. What are the values for the mean (1 point) and median (1 point)? How do the mean and median compare to each other (1 point), and why are they different from each other (1 point)? (4 points in total) Mean is 2.205, median is 1.630 The mean is greater than the median and they are different because the mean is the average and the median is the middle number. Question 3. How does the mode compare to the mean and median (1 point)? Why is the mode different from these other measures of central tendency (2 points)? (3 points in total) The mode is 5.000. it is significantly greater than both the mean and median because the mode is the highest number. Question 4. Which measure of central tendency would be most useful for understanding the distribution of the family income-to-poverty ratio (1 point)? Why (1 point)? (2 points in total) The mean would be because it represents the average of the family income to poverty ratio
Question 5. Based on the histogram and the descriptive statistics of the family income-to-poverty ratio, do you think there is a problem of severe income inequality in the U.S. (1 point)? Why or why not (1 point)? (2 points in total) Yes I do think there is a problem of severe income inequality in the U.S because as it shows in the graph the majority of people are among poverty and there is only a select amount that is not.
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