Unit 2 Homework_ Research Process

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Jan 9, 2024

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Unit 2 Homework: Research Process (18 Points) YOUR NAME: Zander Guadalupe DATE: 9/18 Due at 10 AM, Tuesday, 9/19/2023 Exercise #1: Examine the Graph (7 points) Inflation has been running high in recent months. According to the Wall Street Journal (WSJ), “The Labor Department on Wednesday [August 10, 2022] said the consumer-price index, a measure of what consumers pay for goods and services, rose 8.5% in July from the same month a year earlier, down from 9.1% in June. June marked the fastest pace of inflation since November 1981.” The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) defines the Consumer Price Index (CPI) as “a measure of the average change over time in the prices paid by urban consumers for a market basket of consumer goods and services.” ( https://www.bls.gov/cpi/ ) Because food and energy prices often change in a very volatile way, BLS also keeps track of the so-called Core CPI which measures the changes in the price of goods and services, excluding food and energy. The following graph from WSJ shows monthly CPI from January 2019 to July 2022, as well as the contributions from the core CPI, food, and energy. Question 1. How would you describe the trend of CPI from January 2019 to July 2022? (3 points) The trend was steady from 2019 to 2020, then dropped the next year and then had a rapid increase in the following year. Question 2. Overall, which component contributed most to the CPI? Which component contributed the least? (2 points) The core contributed the most to the CPI and the energy contributed the least to the CPI. Question 3. The CPI dropped sharply in the spring of 2020, almost close to 0% around the late spring – early summer. Based on the information contained in the graph, what was the cause of the sharp decline in CPI? (2 points) The cause of the sharp decline in the spring of 2020 was because the covid 19 pandemic occurred. Exercise #2: Heat and income in Baltimore (11 points) In 2019, two reports from the National Public Radio (NPR) investigated the relationship between heat and income in Baltimore. During their investigation, they interviewed a woman whose neighborhood, “Franklin Square, is hotter than about two-thirds of the other neighborhoods in Baltimore — about 6 degrees hotter than the city's coolest neighborhood. It's also in one of the city's poorest communities, with more than one-third of residents living in poverty.” Using data from the Census Bureau, NASA, and the U.S. Geological Survey, the reporters drew a map of surface air temperature and a map of median household income at the census tract level in Baltimore. The two maps are shown below. Census tracts are geographic areas drawn by the Census Bureau for the purposes of data collection in decennial census. Census tracts are widely used as proxies for neighborhoods.

Question 1. Create a theory that explains the relationship between surface air temperature and median household income across the neighborhoods in Baltimore. (2 points) Across Baltimore, the hottest areas tend to be the poorest. Low-income neighborhoods are more likely to be hotter than their wealthier counterparts. Question 2. What hypothesis (or testable proposition) can you generate from this theory? (2 points) The less fortunate economically the area is the hotter the temperature is. Question 3. What is the dependent variable in your hypothesis? What is the independent variable in your hypothesis? (2 points) The dependent variable is the hot temperature and the independent variable is the income group in Baltimore. Question 4. Does the data shown in the graph above provide evidence supporting your hypothesis? Why or why not? (2 points) The data in the graph above does support my hypothesis because in the majority of the lower income areas the temperature is hotter. Question 5. Does the data shown in the graph above prove your theory? Why or why not? (3 points) The data in the graph shown does prove my theory because it is significantly hotter in the lower income areas than it is compared to the wealthier areas.

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