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Exam 1
CSE 232 (Introduction to Programming II)
Fall 2023
ANSWERS VERSION 4
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Answers Version 4
Page 1 of 11
1. What is the type of
x
?
std::string const a
{
"CSE232"
}
;
auto x = a.at(1);
(a)
char
(b)
std::string &
(c)
char const
(d)
char &
(e)
std::string const *
(f)
std::string const
(g)
char const *
(h)
std::string const &
(i)
char const &
Correct answers:
(a)
2. The following code is an example of what
problem?
if (is
file
open)
if (data
is
full && process)
Turn
On
Alarm(4);
else
Close
File();
(a) Dangling Else Problem
(b) Inconsistent Capitalization Problem
(c) Overloaded Operator Problem
(d) Ambiguous Flow Control Problem
(e) Unsigned Overflow Problem
(f) Under-Documented Problem
Correct answers:
(a)
3. When will a stream (like
cin
) evaluate as
false in a conditional expression?
(a) When the stream has more characters
to process
(b) When the stream is waiting to access
a file
(c) When the stream has extracted a false
value
(d) Never, a stream is always considered
true
(e) Always, a stream is always considered
false
(f) When the stream is in an error state
like at End-Of-File.
Correct answers:
(f)
4. Which of the following is FALSE about ini-
tializations?
(a) Initialization is necessary for
const
variables.
(b) Initialization (or declaration) needs to
be made before a variable is used.
(c) Initialization
is
recommended
to
avoid undefined behavior.
(d) Initialization can use an equal sign,
curly brackets or parentheses.
(e) Initializations must use a literal value.
(f) All of the above are true
Correct answers:
(e)
5. If a function’s sole purpose is its side-effects,
what should its return type be?
(a) It depends on if the function performs
IO operations.
(b) Impossible to determine as all func-
tions must return a value.
(c) Omitted
(d)
int
(e) It doesn’t matter as the return state-
ment won’t have a value.
(f)
void
Correct answers:
(f)
6. Accessing the value of an uninitialized
char
variable will result in what?
(a) A segmentation fault
(b) The space character (
’ ’
)
(c) Undefined behavior
(d) A null pointer
(e) A null character
(f) A random character from the ASCII
chart
(g) A compile-time error
Correct answers:
(c)
Answers Version 4
Page 2 of 11
7. What type must x be for the following code
to compile?
x = cout << 4;
(a) No type exists that
x
could be as the
code above can’t possibly compile
(b)
std::string
(c) An integer type
(d) A stream
(e) The type
auto
(f) None of the above
Correct answers:
(d)
8. Declaring all local variables at the begin-
ning of a function is bad practice because
it results in unnecessarily large XXXXs.
What term should replace XXXXs?
(a) Variable names
(b) Comments
(c) Memory uses
(d) Scopes
(e) Code sizes
(f) Blocks
(g) Functions
(h) Exceptions
Correct answers:
(d)
9. What is the type of x?
auto x = My
Function("abcd");
(a)
char
(b)
int
(c)
std::string
(d)
void
(e) Impossible to determine with the in-
formation given
Correct answers:
(e)
10. Which of these types do we recommend
against using?
(a) double
(b) long
(c) char
(d) bool
(e) int
(f) None of these types are recommended
against
Correct answers:
(b)
11. Which type of pointer should you NOT
dereference?
(a) A const pointer
(b) A pointer to a null character
(c) A null pointer
(d) A pointer with a memory address
(e) A pointer to a const object
(f) A pointer to a local variable
(g) A pointer that has been assigned
(h) A
pointer
that
points
at
another
pointer
Correct answers:
(c)
12. When writing C++ code how often should
you compile (and run) your code?
(a) After each comment is written
(b) Once per individual program written
(c) As often as possible
(d) You should never compile/run your
code, you should rely on continuous
integration
(e) After every expression is written
(f) After each function is completed
Correct answers:
(c)
Answers Version 4
Page 3 of 11
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13. Which of the following is NOT a binary op-
erator?
(a)
=
(b)
<<
(c)
&&
(d)
+=
(e)
/
(f)
>=
(g)
++
Correct answers:
(g)
14. The
-r
flag for the
rm
program is short for
what?
(a) rotating
(b) recursive
(c) relevant
(d) repeat
(e) ranked
(f) return
(g) reverse
(h) recent
Correct answers:
(b)
15. Most C++ fundamental types wrap around
when they overflow/underflow. But which
of the following types does the C++ stan-
dard guarantee will have this behavior?
(a)
int
(b)
char
(c)
unsigned long
(d)
std::string
(e)
short
(f) None of the above
Correct answers:
(c)
16. Why shouldn’t you return a reference to a
local variable?
(a) Because references can only be initial-
ized, not declared.
(b) Because a function’s return type can’t
have type modifiers.
(c) Wrong, you should return references
to local variables.
(d) Because local variables will be de-
stroyed when they go out of scope.
(e) Because making a reference will cause
an unnecessary copy to be created.
(f) Because local variables must be const
and references could alter them.
(g) Because it violates the property of
”Independence”
Correct answers:
(d)
17. What is printed by the following code?
char c = ’e’;
c++;
std::cout << c;
(a)
d
(b)
f
(c)
e1
(d)
c
(e)
1
(f)
e
(g) None of the above due to a compila-
tion error
Correct answers:
(b)
18. What is the return type of this function?
std::string Exclamation(int num)
{
return "!";
}
(a)
int *
(b)
int
(c)
Exclamation
(d)
"!"
(e)
std::string
(f) None of the above
Correct answers:
(e)
Answers Version 4
Page 4 of 11
19. For which values of
int x
will the following
expression be true?
-2 < x <= 2
(a) -2, -1, 0, 1, 2
(b) None exist
(c) -2, -1, 0, 1
(d) -1, 0, 1, 2
(e) All possible values of x
(f) -1, 0, 1
Correct answers:
(e)
20. The
getline
function will read from a
stream until what type of character is en-
countered?
(a) The space character
(b) The newline character
(c) A
whitespace
character
(include
space, newline, and tab)
(d) A non-ASCII character
(e) A non-alphabetic character
Correct answers:
(b)
21. Which of the following invokes a function
with no arguments provided?
(a)
Func(void)
(b)
(Func)
(c)
Func()
(d)
Func
{}
(e)
Func(NULL)
(f)
Func
Correct answers:
(c)
22. If you have an integer variable that you
know can never be negative, what type
should you use to store it?
(a)
unsigned
(b)
double
(c)
std::string
(d)
char
(e)
long
(f)
bool
(g)
int
Correct answers:
(g)
23. Which of the following is a
char
literal?
(a)
a
(b)
char
literal
(c)
"Z"
(d)
char
(e)
*chr
(f)
’#’
Correct answers:
(f)
24. Why shouldn’t you start the name of a vari-
able with a digit?
(a) Because doing so will result in unde-
fined behavior.
(b) Because doing so is a code smell.
(c) Because such names will shadow other
names in the namespace
std
(d) Because it makes the variable
const
(e) Because it violates the language stan-
dard.
(f) Because it will be confusing to future
readers.
Correct answers:
(e)
25. What does the
std::endl
object do when
passed as the second operand to the inser-
tion operator?
(a) It indicates that the stream should be
prepared for new characters
(b) It doesn’t do anything, it is instead
used to indicate comments
(c) It indicates the End-Of-File
(d) It can’t be used with an insertion op-
erator
(e) It causes the stream to separate words
according to whitespace
(f) It resets the stream
(g) It causes a newline character to be
written to the stream
Correct answers:
(g)
Answers Version 4
Page 5 of 11
26. Which of the following can you NOT make
a const reference to?
(a) A const value
(b) A value returned by a function
(c) A reference
(d) A literal value
(e) A non-const value
(f) A pointer
(g) All of the above permit const refer-
ences
Correct answers:
(g)
27. What is wrong with the following function?
bool Func(std::string s)
{
while (!s.empty())
{
if (s.at(0) == ’a’)
{
return true;
}
s = s.substr(1);
}
}
(a) The function doesn’t conform to the
style guide
(b) A string can’t be used in a conditional
expression
(c) Control can reach the end of a non-
void function
(d) Strings don’t have a substr member
function
(e) Nothing is wrong with the function
Correct answers:
(c)
28. What is a pointer’s value?
(a) A const reference to another object
(b) An address in memory
(c) A signed long
(d) The value
nullptr
unless it was ini-
tialized or assigned
(e) All of the above
Correct answers:
(b)
29. The language feature of using the same op-
erator many times in a single statement, for
example:
apple = banana = carrot;
or
cin >> apple >> banana >> carrot;
Is called what?
(a) Fall-through
(b) Implicit Execution
(c) Assignment
(d) Repetition
(e) Iteration
(f) Linkage
(g) Chaining
Correct answers:
(g)
30. What is the term that describes the fact
that one function’s local variables can’t be
directly altered by other functions?
(a) Locality
(b) Syntax
(c) Independence
(d) Legibility
(e) Separation
(f) Encapsulation
(g) Lifetime
Correct answers:
(f)
31. The
std
in
std::cout
is an example of
what part of C++?
(a) A variable
(b) A namespace
(c) A function
(d) A file
(e) An object
(f) An exception
(g) A using
(h) A class
Correct answers:
(b)
Answers Version 4
Page 6 of 11
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32. For what values of
x
will this program have
a ’b’ character in the output?
switch (x + 1)
{
case 0:
case 1:
std::cout << ’a’;
case 2:
std::cout << ’b’;
default:
std::cout << ’c’;
}
(a)
-1
(b)
0
(c)
1
(d)
2
(e)
3
(f)
-1
,
0
, and
1
(g)
0
,
1
, and
2
(h)
-1
,
1
,
2
, and
3
(i) All possible values of
x
Correct answers:
(f)
33. What is the distinction between an inter-
preter and a compiler?
(a) An
interpreter
can
only
interpret
some languages (like Python), but
compilers can compile all possible lan-
guages.
(b) An interpreter runs the source code
being interpreted, a compiler gener-
ates a new program that can be run
later.
(c) An interpreter isn’t guaranteed to al-
ways do the same thing when pre-
sented with the same source code, a
compiler must always have determin-
istic behavior.
(d) An
interpreter
interprets
the
code
and makes decisions about ambiguous
code in the manner that the developer
most likely intended, a compiler will
instead halt and raise an error if am-
biguous code is encountered.
(e) None of the above are true
Correct answers:
(b)
34. After
the
code
below
executes,
which
pointers have the same value as
a
?
int x = 67; int y = 34;
int * a = &x;
int * b = &y;
int * c = b;
int * d = &y;
*c = 67;
*b = *a;
d = a;
*d = 34;
(a)
b
(b)
c
(c)
d
(d) Both
b
and
c
(e) All of
b
,
c
, and
d
(f) None of them have the same value as
a
(g) The code is invalid, and thus no an-
swer can be given
Correct answers:
(c)
35. What does this code output?
for (unsigned i = 4; i >= 0; --i)
{
std::cout << i;
}
(a)
43210
(b)
3210
(c)
4321
(d)
321
(e) None of the above
Correct answers:
(e)
36. A syntax error is an example of what cate-
gory of error?
(a) Undefined behavior
(b) A user-defined error
(c) A run-time error
(d) An instrumental error
(e) A compile-time error
(f) An uncaught exception
Correct answers:
(e)
Answers Version 4
Page 7 of 11
37. What is the output of the following code?
std::cout << static
cast<int>(’b’);
(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) 2
(d) 3
(e) 4
(f) None of the above
Correct answers:
(f)
38. In order for file redirection to work, what
must a program do?
(a) It must be executed by an IDE
(b) It must terminate only after the End-
Of-File is encountered
(c) It must be an executable C++ pro-
gram
(d) It must be compiled with the
-r
flag
(e) It must have a using directive for the
std
namespace
(f) It must read and/or write to the stan-
dard file streams
(g) It must conform to the language stan-
dard and the style guide
Correct answers:
(f)
39. How do you make a variable that can have
multiple types?
(a) By using
decltype
(b) By using
static
cast
(c) By declaring its type as
auto
(d) By using
typedef
(e) It is impossible
Correct answers:
(e)
40. Why should you generally not compare
floats for equality?
(a) Because float arithmetic is imprecise
(b) Because floats must be converted to
ints before comparison operators can
be used
(c) Because floats are casted to doubles
when used in math
(d) Because a float’s value changes each
time it is read
(e) Because
floats
don’t
support
the
equality operator
(f) All of the above are false, floats should
be compared for equality
Correct answers:
(a)
41. When you increment a pointer, for instance:
++pointer
variable;
What happens?
(a) Nothing happens, because the prefix
increment was used, only the value re-
turned is affected
(b) The value at the pointer’s address is
incremented by one
(c) The pointer now points to the next
address in memory
(d) A syntax error is thrown by the com-
piler as pointers can’t be incremented
(e) Undefined
behavior,
the
language
specification doesn’t specify what will
happen, so the result is undefined
Correct answers:
(c)
Answers Version 4
Page 8 of 11
42. The
continue
statement is different from
the
break
statement in one key way, what
is it?
(a) It is only permitted in while loops, but
not in other iterative statements.
(b) It requires the use of an
if
statement.
(c) It causes iteration to resume instead
of cease.
(d) It always creates an infinite loops,
unless a
break
statement is also in-
cluded.
(e) It is actually identical to
break
, its
use is entirely aesthetic.
(f) It is only supported by specific com-
pilers and isn’t in the language stan-
dard
(g) Its use is strongly discouraged due to
the poor habits it inspires
(h) It can’t be used in blocks due to the
ambiguity.
Correct answers:
(c)
43. What happens if you index beyond the end
of a string. Example:
std::string s
{
"abc"
}
;
std::cout << s[3];
(a) A Run-Time Error
(b) A random character will be returned
(c) A character from another string will
be returned
(d) Undefined Behavior
(e) The last character will be returned
(f) A Syntax Error
Correct answers:
(d)
44. When outputting a double, sometimes it
outputs like this:
1.400e-06
What does this mean?
(a) It means that the double is stored
with some estimated imprecision
(b) It means that the buffer is full and
needs to be written to the output de-
vice
(c) It means that you are outputting too
many values at once and they are
overwriting each other
(d) It means 1.4 times 10 raised to the
negative 6
(e) It means the value 1.4 combined with
error code number 6
(f) None of the above are true
Correct answers:
(d)
45. How many iterations of the while loop will
occur?
while (7)
{
int x = 4;
++x;
if (x > 6)
{
break;
}
}
(a) 0 iterations
(b) 1 iteration
(c) 2 iterations
(d) 4 iterations
(e) 6 iterations
(f) 7 iterations
(g) more than 13 iterations
Correct answers:
(g)
Answers Version 4
Page 9 of 11
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46. On my system, when I call
sizeof(bool);
I get the value
1
. What does this mean?
(a) It means that a bool takes up one
byte.
(b) It means that a bool’s size is the same
as the size of a function.
(c) It means that a bool takes up one bit.
(d) It means that a bool true value is
equivalent to an integer 1.
(e) It means that a bool can hold at most
one value.
(f) It means that a bool takes up one
word (on a 64-bit machine this is 64
bits).
(g) It means that a bool’s type deter-
mines if it is true or false.
Correct answers:
(a)
47. What
arguments
is
this
function
being
called with?
int x = 4; int y = 17;
Func(++x, y--);
(a) 5 and 16
(b) 4 and 17
(c) 5 and 17
(d) 4 and 16
Correct answers:
(c)
48. How many bytes are needed to compose one
long long
?
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 4
(d) 8
(e) It depends on the compiler/hardware
Correct answers:
(e)
49. A newline character is required by the lan-
guage standard after which of the following
statements?
(a) Block statements
(b) Preprocessor statements
(c) Function Definitions
(d) Switch case statements
(e) For loop statements
(f) None of the above
Correct answers:
(f)
50. How do you create a null reference?
(a) By assigning it the value
false
(b) By making a reference to a derefer-
enced null pointer
(c) By using
const
cast
(d) By assigning it the value
0
(e) By subtracting one from a null char-
acter
(f) By allowing the reference’s lifetime to
end
(g) None of the above, it is impossible
Correct answers:
(g)
51. What is the relative path for the current
working directory?
(a)
/
(b)
.
(c)
~
(d)
pcwd
(e)
-
(f)
..
Correct answers:
(b)
Answers Version 4
Page 10 of 11
52. When will the body of the if statement ex-
ecute?
if (x || y)
{
...
}
(a) Only when
x
is true
(b) Only when
y
is true
(c) Only when
x
and
y
are both true
(d) Only when one of either
x
or
y
are
true
(e) Only when
x
and/or
y
are true
(f) Impossible to determine with the in-
formation given
Correct answers:
(e)
53. What is wrong with this function invoca-
tion?
std::cout << Func(int x, &y);
(a) The ampersand (
&
) doesn’t belong in
a function call
(b)
Func
is an invalid name due to the
presence of an uppercase letter
(c) The namespace for the function isn’t
specified
(d) The code will result in undefined be-
havior due to the lack of assignment
(e) Functions can’t be invoked in larger
expressions
(f) Arguments shouldn’t have a type dec-
laration
(g) The
std::endl
was omitted
Correct answers:
(f)
54. C++ was created to extend which prior
programming language?
(a) Python
(b) Bash
(c) C
(d) Fortran
(e) C+
(f) Basic
(g) Haskell
(h) None of the above
Correct answers:
(c)
55. What is the value of
x
?
std::string s
{
"abcde"
}
;
int x = static
cast<int>(s.size());
(a) 5
(b) 6
(c) 7
(d)
int
(e)
unsigned int
(f) Impossible to determine with the in-
formation given
Correct answers:
(a)
Answers Version 4
Page 11 of 11
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