ET450_JusticeW2Assignment

This document was prepared by: Brandon Justice, Designer Justice Solutions Dundalk, MD 757-763-8320 bjustice@uagrantham.com V ERSION H ISTORY Date Document Version Document Revision History Document Author/Reviser October 24, 2023 1.0 Initial draft Brandon Justice November 28, 2023 1.1 Revised draft Brandon Justice

The solution is to install temperature sensors in deep freezers, without compromising food storage space. This would utilize already made software for smart devices that the manufacturer already had developed. The temperature measurement system will utilize a combination of op amp comparators, a analog to digital converter and a microcontroller. The sensors will be thermistors, as their range is from -100 degrees Celsius to +150 degrees Celsius. An LCD display will be utilized, which has the ability to display and transmit real-time data to the user on a smart device. An alternative to the LCD display is to utilize wireless data loggers in conjunction with the thermal monitoring system. The wireless data loggers will constantly read the data from the thermistors and send that data wirelessly to a device that has the required software. The advantage of this system would be to show customers how to install the monitoring system for maximum food storage, while being able to constantly monitor the temperature inside the freezer. A team would be sent out to assist with installations. The customers would be required to download the application to their smart device. Pending on costs, designing different thermal sensors and monitoring systems to work with the notification system could have some cost savings. Utilizing software that is included with the notification system would save time and cut costs. 5. Key Stakeholders Design will be performed by Brandon Justice. Surveys would be sent out to local families and farmers to determine the average size freezers that are being used and give an estimated Beta testing would be done with selected families/farmers to have those sensor systems installed

Date: Approved by: Approver Signature: Project Manager Name: Justice Solutions – Project Proposal ( 5 ) Project Manager Signature: Justice Solutions – Project Proposal ( 6 ) Freezer Thermal Sensors and Alarms ⦁ General Requirements: ⦁ Design a thermal monitoring system that can easily be installed in freezers with alarms and alerts that can be sent to smart devices.

instructions that can easily be provided through the app, after the freezer model has been provided. These instructions shall provide consumers the best way to install the systems without compromising food storage space, while keeping in mind that any part can be easily replaced. Power and installation requiriements will taken into consideration, so that consumers reliable system that operates efficiently. By adhering to these requirements, engineering can design and develop a robust thermal alarm system that meets the specified criteria, giving consumers a better way to ensure that anything placed in the freezer does not go bad. Task Mod e Task Name Duratio n Start Finish Predecesso rs Resource Names Auto Sche dule d Project Management for Freezer Thermal Alarm/Notifcation System 188 days Mon 11/6/23 Wed 7/24/24 Auto Sche dule d Initiation 17 days Mon 11/6/23 Tue 11/28/2 3 Auto Sche dule d Develop Project Charter 17 days Mon 11/6/23 Tue 11/28/2 3 Auto Sche dule Identify Goals and Objectives for production 2 days Mon 11/6/23 Tue 11/7/23 Project Director,Pr oject

Sche dule d 12/20/2 3 12/20/2 3 Manager Auto Sche dule d Setup Project Book 1 day Thu 12/21/2 3 Thu 12/21/2 3 26 Project Manager Auto Sche dule d Define Scope 1 day Fri 12/22/2 3 Fri 12/22/2 3 27 Project Manager Auto Sche dule d Document Management Plan 1 day Mon 12/25/2 3 Mon 12/25/2 3 28 Project Manager Auto Sche dule d Specify Deliverables 1 day Tue 12/26/2 3 Tue 12/26/2 3 29 Project Manager Auto Sche dule d Thermal alarm system efficiency Assessment 6 days Wed 12/27/2 3 Wed 1/3/24 Freezer[1], Thermal Monitor System[1] Auto Sche dule d Conduct site survey 1 day Wed 12/27/2 3 Wed 12/27/2 3 30 Engineer,Pr oject Manager,Q uality Assurance , Technician Auto Sche dule d Analyze thermal system data 2 days Thu 12/28/2 3 Fri 12/29/2 3 32 Engineer,Pr oject Manager,Te chnician Auto Sche dule d Evaluate current thermal system efficiency 1 day Mon 1/1/24 Mon 1/1/24 33 Engineer,Te chnician Auto Sche dule d Identify improvement opportunities 1 day Tue 1/2/24 Tue 1/2/24 34 Engineer,Te chnician Auto Sche dule d Assess Economic feasibility 1 day Wed 1/3/24 Wed 1/3/24 35 Engineer,Pr oject Manager Auto Sche Thermal alarm system Optimization 19 days Thu 1/4/24 Tue 1/30/24 Freezer[1], Thermal

Technician Auto Sche dule d Create operating and user manuals and guidelines 2 days Tue 7/9/24 Wed 7/10/24 58 Acceptor,E ngineer,Pro ject Director,Pr oject Manager,Q uality Assurance , Technician Auto Sche dule d Create troubleshooting and installation guides 2 days Thu 7/11/24 Fri 7/12/24 59 Engineer,Te chnician Auto Sche dule d Communicate findings and recommendations 1 day Mon 7/15/24 Mon 7/15/24 60 Acceptor,E ngineer,Pro ject Director,Pr oject Manager,Q uality Assurance , Technician Auto Sche dule d Project Closure Phase 7 days Tue 7/16/24 Wed 7/24/24 Auto Sche dule d Complete final project documentation 1 day Tue 7/16/24 Tue 7/16/24 61 Acceptor,E ngineer,Pro ject Director,Pr oject Manager,Te chnician Auto Sche dule d perform project handover 2 days Wed 7/17/24 Thu 7/18/24 63 Acceptor,E ngineer,Pro ject Director,Pr oject Manager,Q uality Assurance , Technician Auto Sche dule d conduct post-implementation review 3 days Fri 7/19/24 Tue 7/23/24 64 Acceptor,E ngineer,Pro ject Director,Pr

1. Project Journal During each project team meeting discuss what strategies contributed to success as well as areas of potential improvement. For the Strategies and Processes that led to Success section, give a detailed description of the factors you applied that led to a positive outcome that not only affected the current project but would aid you in future projects. For the areas of potential improvement, indicate factors or processes you have learned that will not only help you with this project but will provide success for other projects in the future of your career). Enter your conclusions in the table below (insert rows as needed): Strategies and Processes that led to Success Date Description 10/24/2023 Draft and introduction started, research led to having a successful introduction. 11/6/23 Research various WBS examples, which led to a better laid out WBS. 11/13/23 Schedule out the WBS to get a timeline. Areas of Potential Improvement Date Description 10/31/23 Perform more research on project management and what it takes to successfully manage a project. 11/5/23 Learn how to successfully research potential vendors and data available for similar systems that relates to this project. 11/13/23 Research more on better ways to estimate times for projects. 12/17/23 Will need to potentially change the software to also be able run on an application with a WIFI Arduino Board and build. Will also need to either purchase longer wires or be very meticulous when building the design in the freezer. Will also need to work on how to develop an application to be able to use with a smart phone. 01/02/24 Arduino IoT Cloud takes some time to get used to and still needs extra coding to get certain functions to operate properly. I need more time to get the IoT Cloud Dashboard and application to operate to display accurate temperatures and send notifications through the application. I was able to figure out how to connect to a mobile hot spot and Wifi, and everything else is operating as intended. 2. Project Close-Out Discussion At the end of your project, gather all stakeholders for a Lessons-Learned meeting: Step 1: As a group exercise, fill out the Lessons Learned Checklist (create hyperlink if needed) Step 2: Use the questions below to summarize your Lessons-Learned discussion. Enter comments in the areas provided. Focus on Lessons Learned that will help in future projects. ( Insert rows as needed ) A. List this project’s three biggest successes.

B. List other successes that the team would like highlighted: C. Areas of potential improvement. Give a detailed description to indicate factors or processes you have learned that will not only help you with this project but will provide success for other projects in the future of your career. D. Enter other comments: 3. Project Lessons-Learned Document / Signatures Project Manager: Brandon Justice I have reviewed the information contained in this Project Lessons-Learned Document and agree: Name Title Signature Date (MM/DD/YYYY) Brandon Justice Project Manager Brandon F. Justice 12/05/2023 The signatures above indicate an understanding of the purpose and content of this document by those signing it. By signing this document, they agree to this as the formal Project Lessons-Learned Document .

Detailed Design Review The design was chosen specifically for ease of installation and setup, at a low cost to the customer. With mostly everyone having some sort of smart device, the design was also chosen to be able to be utilized/monitored through an application. The design includes the use of an Arduino UNO R4 WIFI board, with Bluetooth connective abilities. This will allow the smart device to connect to the Arduino R4 board without needing to be connected. A breadboard will be utilized to connect the Arduino R4 board to the other components in the circuit. An LCD display connected to the breadboard, along with a 10K ohm potentiometer, will be connected to the breadboard. This will display the temperature in Celsius and Fahrenheit, as well as humidity. There will also be an RGB LED connected to the breadboard with three 220-ohm resistors, that will change color depending on the temperature that the freezer will be

set at. The DHT22 temperature and humidity sensor will be connected to the breadboard with longer wires, to be mounted inside the freezer. Block Diagram Functional Specifications

The entire circuit will be powered by a 9V battery and controlled via software through an application on a smart device or computer. The end user will need to copy the software and download the correct applications. This will be connected via Bluetooth or by WIFI. The circuit will be mounted to the freezer with the sensor installed inside the freezer. The applications will provide real-time temperature readings and send them wirelessly. The end user will need to allow certain things for that application to do. The 10K ohm potentiometer is used to adjust the brightness of the LCD Display. The RGB LED will display different colors depending on the measured temperature. The RGB LED will display red if temperatures go above the upper limit and will then trigger an alarm on the smart device, via the software application. Narrative of Design: The DHT22 temperature sensor will continuously measure the internal freezer temperature and then send the readings to the LCD Display, RGB LED and Arduino R4 board. The software will then control the LCD to display the temperature and humidity readings, and then control the RGB LED to change to a certain color. This is so that if the freezer temperature needs to be adjusted, there will still be room to be adjusted. However, once the internal temperature reaches the max limit, identified in the software, the RGB will be red, and the warnings will be sent to the smart device. Schematics

Simulation There are no available simulations. However, tests have been successful with measuring room temperature. Software Architecture The software architecture for now has been designed to operate what is displayed on the LCD and what color the RGB LED is. The temperature limits are from –15 degrees to +20 degrees. When fully built and the right application the software will also be able to measure real-time. This will then be utilized with the application on the smart device, where those reading can also be seen. If temperatures go below or above the limits, then the final software will be able to send the warning through the application. DHT22

Summary of Changes There are a few changes that need to be made for the circuit to operate properly. The first change is going from an Arduino R3 controller board to the Arduino R4 board. This is largely because the R4 board will be able to be connected to a smart device wirelessly through WIFI or Bluetooth. The other change is going from a DHT11 temperature sensor, to a DHT22. This is due for two reasons, the temperature range on the DHT22 is wider and goes where most freezers are set too. Also, the DHT22 has a better temperature accuracy. The final change that will need to be made is to ensure that the code will also work with an application that is easily accessed and used by a smart device. Appendix A Power/Current Requirements  Arduino R4 Microcontroller o Max Output voltage – 5V o Max Input Voltage – 24V o Current of Input/Output Pins – 8mA/pin - 1602A LCD Display

o Operating Voltage 5V o Operating Current 1.1mA - DHT22 Temperature and Humidity Sensor o Input voltage range from +3.3V to 6V Appendix B Software Code/Flowchart Arduino IDE Code #include <Adafruit_Sensor.h> #include <DHT.h> #define Type DHT11 #include <LiquidCrystal.h> #define Red 10 #define Green 9 #define Blue 8 int rs= 3 ;

int e= 4 ; int d4= 5 ; int d5= 6 ; int d6= 11 ; int d7= 12 ; LiquidCrystal lcd ( 12 , 11 , 6 , 5 , 4 , 3 ); int sensePin= 2 ; DHT HT (sensePin,Type); float humidity; float tempC; float tempF; float redTemp = 20 ; float orangeTemp = 20 ; float yellowTemp = 18 ; float limeTemp = 15 ; float greenTemp = 5 ; float springTemp = 0 ; float blueTemp = - 1 ; float azureTemp = - 3 ; float cyanTemp = - 5 ; float whiteTemp = - 10 ; int setTime= 500 ; int dt= 1000 ; void setup () { Serial . begin ( 9600 ); delay (setTime); HT . begin (); lcd . begin ( 16 , 2 ); pinMode (Red, OUTPUT); // Sets the pins as output for RGB LED pinMode (Green, OUTPUT); pinMode (Blue, OUTPUT); float redValue; float greenValue; float blueValue; } void loop () { humidity= HT . readHumidity (); tempC= HT . readTemperature ();

tempF= HT . readTemperature ( true ); lcd . setCursor ( 0 , 0 ); lcd . print ( "TempF= " ); lcd . print (tempF); lcd . setCursor ( 0 , 1 ); lcd . print ( "Humidity= " ); lcd . print (humidity); lcd . print ( " % " ); delay ( 2000 ); lcd . clear (); Serial . print ( "Humidity: " ); Serial . print (humidity); Serial . print ( " Temperature " ); Serial . print (tempC); Serial . print ( " C " ); Serial . print (tempF); Serial . println ( " F " ); delay (dt); //white < -20 if (tempF < whiteTemp) { //Turn ON White LED if tempC is below 0 analogWrite (Red, 255 ); analogWrite (Green, 255 ); analogWrite (Blue, 225 ); delay (dt); } else { analogWrite (Red, 0 ); analogWrite (Green, 0 ); analogWrite (Blue, 0 ); delay (dt); } //cyan -15 - -5 if (tempF < cyanTemp && tempF >= whiteTemp) { //Turn ON Blue LED if tempC between 5-18 degrees analogWrite (Red, 0 ); analogWrite (Green, 255 ); analogWrite (Blue, 225 ); delay (dt); } else {

analogWrite (Red, 0 ); analogWrite (Green, 0 ); analogWrite (Blue, 0 ); delay (dt); } //azure -10 - -5 if (tempF < azureTemp && tempF >= cyanTemp) { analogWrite (Red, 0 ); analogWrite (Green, 128 ); analogWrite (Blue, 225 ); delay (dt); } else { analogWrite (Red, 0 ); analogWrite (Green, 0 ); analogWrite (Blue, 0 ); delay (dt); } //blue -5 - -1 if (tempF < blueTemp && tempF >= azureTemp) { analogWrite (Red, 0 ); analogWrite (Green, 0 ); analogWrite (Blue, 225 ); delay (dt); } else { analogWrite (Red, 0 ); analogWrite (Green, 0 ); analogWrite (Blue, 0 ); delay (dt); } //spring 0-5 if (tempF < springTemp && tempF >= blueTemp) { analogWrite (Red, 0 ); analogWrite (Green, 255 ); analogWrite (Blue, 128 ); delay (dt); } else { analogWrite (Red, 0 ); analogWrite (Green, 0 ); analogWrite (Blue, 0 ); delay (dt); } //green 5-15 if (tempF < greenTemp && tempF >= springTemp) {

analogWrite (Red, 0 ); analogWrite (Green, 225 ); analogWrite (Blue, 0 ); delay (dt); } else { analogWrite (Red, 0 ); analogWrite (Green, 0 ); analogWrite (Blue, 0 ); delay (dt); } //lime 10-15 if (tempF < limeTemp && tempF >= greenTemp) { analogWrite (Red, 128 ); analogWrite (Green, 255 ); analogWrite (Blue, 0 ); delay (dt); } else { analogWrite (Red, 0 ); analogWrite (Green, 0 ); analogWrite (Blue, 0 ); delay (dt); } //yellow 15-20 if (tempF < yellowTemp && tempF >= limeTemp) { analogWrite (Red, 255 ); analogWrite (Green, 255 ); analogWrite (Blue, 0 ); delay (dt); } else { analogWrite (Red, 0 ); analogWrite (Green, 0 ); analogWrite (Blue, 0 ); delay (dt); } //orange 15-20 if (tempF < orangeTemp && tempF >= yellowTemp) { analogWrite (Red, 255 ); analogWrite (Green, 128 ); analogWrite (Blue, 0 ); delay (dt); } else { analogWrite (Red, 0 ); analogWrite (Green, 0 ); analogWrite (Blue, 0 ); delay (dt);

} //red > 20 if (tempF > redTemp) { analogWrite (Red, 225 ); analogWrite (Green, 0 ); analogWrite (Blue, 0 ); delay (dt); } else { analogWrite (Red, 0 ); analogWrite (Green, 0 ); analogWrite (Blue, 0 ); delay (dt); } } Appendix C Component List Item Number Description Quantity 1 Arduino R4 WIFI Microcontroller 1 2 1602A LCD Display 1 3 10K Ohm Potentiometer 1 4 RGB LED bulb 1 5 220-ohm resistor 3 6 DHT22 Temperature Sensor 1 7 Wires 26 8 Arduino Breadboard 1

Role of Physics For this project, the roles of physics play a very important role in how the overall design will operate. For the design, the physics of how the freezer operates will dictate the overall success of the design. Freezers can operate at different temperature ranges, based on the needs of the consumer. Diving into the freezer, most operate utilizing a cooling pipe. This pipe generates cold vapors, where a pump sucks in those vapors. This is what causes the inside of the freezer to cool. The same compressor pump causes the vapors in the pipes on the outside of the freezer to turn back into a liquid. With how the freezer operates, the physics of liquids and gases are put into play. Luckily, this does not need to be figured out, but it still plays a part in this project. The better insulated and functioning and insulated freezer, the more accurate the sensors will be. With dealing with electricity and digital signals, the physics of electronics plays a very key role for this project. The other physics in play is how the temperature sensor works. Thermal sensors work in three steps where a thermal heat signal P is transduced by a senser-specific action Q, by a nonthermal signal C; P =

QC. Once that is determined, then the heat is converted by a resistor and a thermal signal temperature difference; ∆ T = PR. Afterwords, the temperature difference sensor transduces the temperature difference into electrical voltage; U= S ∆ T. Other physics that may have impacted this design, would have been if we were also dealing with higher heat. The DHT22 utilizes a polymer capacitor as the sensing element. These types of capacitors are stable through temperature fluctuations. Also, the polymer capacitor has a longer life expectancy than that of other capacitors. The polymer capacitor has a low internal equivalent series resistance. With the long-life expectancy and high stability, this was the best choice for this project. Mathematics did not play a huge role in the design process. The key was to select components that could operate in the range that the Arduino Microprocessor board would allow. From there, selecting good components that are easily integrated into an Arduino circuit was the determining factor. Ensuring every component could be found in an Arduino Kit list, or specifically Arduino components, was how the circuit was designed. The key was knowing at what temperatures the freezers operate at and selecting the correct sensor.

Bill of Materials Part Number Description Price of 1 Price of 100 Price of 1000 ABX000 87 Arduino R4 WIFI Microcontroll er $29.00 $2,900.00 $29,000 1602 I2C 1602A LCD Display $9.99 $999.00 $9,990 B07S6944 3J 10K Ohm Potentiomete r 10 Pack = $7.99 Price of 100 or ten 10 packs = $79.90 100 ten packs = $799.00 DR-US- 308 RGB LED bulb N/A $7.99 Ten 100 packs = $79.90 1-4ZC03 220-ohm resistor N/A $5.49 Ten 100 packs = $54.90 DHT22 DHT22 Temperature Sensor $7.99 $79.90 $7,999 WSJ-100 Wires N/A $9.99 $99.99 BB830 Arduino Breadboard $8.75 $87.50 $8750 Cost Analysis

Initially, I was looking at more expensive systems that were well over $500 per system. However, once I performed some more research on other low-cost systems to measure temperatures, I came across several Arduino based systems. Knowing that cost is always a factor, I read a lot of reviews and watched some demonstrations of how those systems can operate. I felt confident that one Arduino temperature sensor system under $100, was worth pursuing. This is far more suitable for the application that this will be used in, for personal use. Being well under the budget for components can allow for funding to be moved over for software building, if this was an actual project.