Alex Amado, HW9

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School

Purdue University *

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Course

10100

Subject

Computer Science

Date

Dec 6, 2023

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pdf

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Uploaded by MinisterPartridge3587

CS 10100 Homework 09 This is Question 1 on Page 1 CS 10100 Homework 09 Due 11:59pm Thursday, Nov.9. • Delete nothing from this file. • Edit this file to add your typewritten answers to each question. • When your answer includes a diagram make sure that it is clear and large enough to read. • Ensure that your answer fits on the same page as its question. • If you change the pagination of this file or if your complete answer to a question does not fit on the page with that question, then you may receive a lower score. • Export your completed Word file to PDF. • Upload your PDF file to Gradescope.com. It is your responsibility to upload this assignment to its correct place in Gradescope. You may upload multiple times. Your final upload will be scored. Use the download capability to check your upload. • Uploading will be blocked after the due time (plus grace period). • Max score = 10 points; 1 point per question. • The above directions apply for all assignments uploaded to Gradescope. • Why should your answer be on the same page with its question? Answer: Gradescope has been programmed to expect that your PDF file will have exactly one question and your entire answer to it on one page. This allows Gradescope to automatically find and display your answers to the instructional team for scoring. HW09 Q1. Watch this video: https://youtu.be/Mad4kQ5835Y a. What is the role of a router in the internet? The role of a router is to route or pass your internet connection to all of your devices. A router is needed in order to connect more than one device to the internet. b. What is the role of a modem in the internet? A modem is what brings the internet into your home or business, and needs to maintain a dedicated connection to your internet service provider, in order to access the internet. c. What are the differences between a router and a modem? [Do not have your answer run long and force Question 2 onto page 3. Thank you.] The main and most important difference between a router and a modem, is that a modem is needed to connect any device to the internet, but a router is optional if you are only connecting one device to the internet. If you have only one device you want to connect to the internet, you can directly connect that one device, via a cable, to the modem to get a more successful and stable connection to the internet. Another difference between a router and a modem, is that routers distribute signals while modems actually connect to the internet. A router also acts as a wireless access point and distributes the signal, while a modem demodulates incoming analog signals into digital signals, and modulates outgoing digital signals into analog signals.

CS 10100 Homework 09 This is Question 2 on Page 2 HW09 Q2. You stumble upon your great-grandfather’s old diary. One of the entries states that he lived in a small town and the original telephone system only allowed 10 out-of-town phone calls at any time. When the telephone system was first set up, the construction workers ran 20 wires over to the next town. Explain why your grandfather’s town could only have 10 out-of-town phone calls at a time. The town could only have 10 out-of-town phone calls at a time because of the 20 lines and wires set up. In many early telephone systems, there were separate lines for both calls within th same town (local calls) and longer-distance or out-of-town calls. As a result of how these lines were set up, capacity for out-of-town calls were limited in capacity. With 20 lines having been installed, the town probably decided to allocate 10 lines for local calls and 10 lines for out-of-town calls. This restriction was imposed to manage the limited capacity and ensure thet their always was some capacity available for local communications when out-of- town calls were in progress.

CS 10100 Homework 09 This is Question 3 on Page 3 HW09 Q3. Someone who grew up in rural Indiana, says the phone in their house was connected to a "party line" that was shared with a few neighbors. Everyone has to take turns using the phone -- if someone picked up the receiver and heard someone else talking, they would hang up, and wait a while, and try again because only one call could occur at a time. Does a party-line phone system follow the approach used by a circuit switched network or that approach used by a packet switched network? Explain. A party-line phone system follows the approach used by a circuit switched network not the approach used by a packet switched network. Circuit switched networks contain a dedicated communication path or circuit for the entire conversation. In this case, or in the case of the party line, when someone picked up the phone, to make a call, it would establish dedicated circuit on the shared line. During the time of the call, no one else on that same party line could use the phone since the whole line was dedicated to that one call. Therefore, the party- line phone system closely resembles and is similar to the approach used by the circuit switched network because of its shared single line and the need to take turns making calls.

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CS 10100 Homework 09 This is Question 4 on Page 4 HW09 Q4. Identify the type of packet switching network technology (PAN, LAN, or WAN) being used in the following cases: a. You have a brand-new wireless keyboard, and you want to connect it to your laptop. PAN b. You use a laptop connected to WiFi to post a picture to Instagram in class LAN c. Your friend just got a brand-new pair of Apple AirPods. The headphones connect to their iPhone via Bluetooth. PAN d. Your friend’s Android Phone connects to AT&T's 4G LTE network. WAN

CS 10100 Homework 09 This is Question 5 on Page 5 HW09 Q5. Your friend uses her computer to download hometown TV news in her dorm room. She observes that the time taken to download the 30-minute video varies. At some times during specific days downloads are much faster than other times and other days. She wonders why the download time differ. After all, the number of wires that connect dorm rooms to the campus network never changes. What characteristic of computer networks explains the variations? The characteristic of computer networks that explains these variations is congestion. Depending on how many people are using the network at a given time, the speeds will differ. If less people and devices are connected to the internet, the speeds will be faster since the internet can focus on that one device, but if multiple devices are connected to the internet, the speeds will be slower since the internet will essentially need to be divided among devices.

CS 10100 Homework 09 This is Question 6 on Page 6 HW09 Q6. In the past, friends who wanted to play a multiplayer online game would often get together in the same physical location in what was called a LAN party. The hosts would all connect to the same LAN and play the game together. Why would this be better than just playing together over the internet from their own homes, as is common today? This would be better than just playing together over the internet from their own homes because it is not reliant on the internet, causing latency to be miniscule. If you are playing over the internet for multiplayer games, you are relying on the internet speeds, and this may cause latency to increase and for ping to become extremely high. Ping is the time it takes for a small data set to be transmitted from your device to a server on the internet, and then be back to your device again, and if this can increase depending on the speeds of the internet, and is a possibility when you play multiplayer games through the internet not through LAN. LAN, on the other hand, has less servers and destinations for internet packets to travel through, which then results in lower latency, and usually a more enjoyable gaming experience.

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CS 10100 Homework 09 This is Question 7 on Page 7 HW09 Q7. What is an IP address? Suppose a criminal intends to use a computer to hack into ESPN and change his losing March Madness bracket to a winning bracket. Would it be easier for law enforcement to find their location if they used a desktop computer installed in a lab at Purdue, or a laptop at a coffee shop? Explain your answer. An IP address, also called an internet protocol address, is a unique numerical label given to each device connected to a network that uses the internet protocol for communication. It would be easier for law enforcement to find a crimin It would be easier for law enforcement to track the criminal down if they used a desktop computer. It would be easier if the criminal used a desktop computer because the criminal would then constantly be connected to just one singular IP address; if the criminal used a laptop, it’s IP address would not be consistent, which would make it harder for law enforcement to track down the individual.

CS 10100 Homework 09 This is Question 8 on Page 8 HW09 Q8. In the early days of computers, it was impossible for a pair of computers from two manufacturers to communicate over a network because many network technologies existed. Which property of the Internet allows any two computers to communicate regardless of operating system, manufacturer or network technology? The property of interoperability allows any two computers, regardless of operating system, manufacturer, or network technology, to communicate. Interoperability is the ability of different computer system and devices to work together and exchange data effectively. Interoperability ensures that computers and devices from different manufactures, that run different operating systems, can communicate with one another. It is made possible through the use of common internet protocols and standards that determine and define how data is formed, received, and transmitted across a global network.

CS 10100 Homework 09 This is Question 9 on Page 9 HW09 Q9. Your friends Trevion Williams and Matt Haarms have invented a new type of LAN network technology called TallNet. Computers connected directly to TallNet can communicate among themselves. Would it also be possible to connect TallNet to the Internet? If so, what property of the Internet allows new networks like TallNet to be used? If not, why not? It would be possible to connect TallNet to the internet. The property of interconnectivity allows TallNet to be connected to the internet because since the internet is a very interconnected place among global networks. The internet can, and does, accommodates a wide range of network types, which includes LAN networks like TallNet. This connection to the internet could be achieved through a gateway or router that would serve as an interface between the LAN and TallNet networks and the internet itself. The router would have to perform network address treanslation to allow devices on the TallNet network to be connected to the internet.

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CS 10100 Homework 09 This is Question 10 on Page 10 HW09 Q10. A friend tells you that when he communicates over the Internet, he only deals with one ISP and wouldn't trust any others with his data. He is sure that when he sends packets, they always go across his ISP to the destination. Is this true? Explain ISPs to your friend. The assumption my friend has regarding data and ISPs is not correct, because your datat does not just go through one ISP. ISPs, or internet service providers, is the company that provides you with internet services and access. ISPs do many different things to make sure that users are able to connect with the internet in both safe ways, but also in as efficient ways as possible. ISPs are obviously in charge of granting access to the internet, but they also provide IP addresses to connected devices as well as they route your data to its designated destination. It is important that we remember that since the internet s extremely interconnected, data might be routed through various networks and ISPs to optimize speed, reliablity, and efficiency, and that we need to trust ISPs.

Alex Amado, HW9

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