ESET315_Lab8

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Feb 20, 2024

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ESET 315 Local Area and Metropolitan Networks Labs Laboratory 8: Spanning Tree Protocol (IEEE 802.1D) General Instructions: The goal of this lab is to help you visualize the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) in operation. Everyone has to work on this lab individually but prepare one report per groups of 2 to 3 students. GET ALL YOUR WORK VERIFIED BY LAB INSTRUCTOR BEFORE LEAVING Note: For this lab, you should use Cisco Packet Tracer. Task 1: Get familiar Cisco Packet Tracer: 1) On the desktop, click on the icon for “Cisco Packet Tracer”. It will open a screen like the one shown in Figure 2) To select a Router, select the 'Router' icon in the bottom left corner of the screen shown in Figure 1. This will open list of routers on the right side of the icon from which you select the 2621XM router. Then drag and drop this icon marked '2621XM' onto the blank portion to build your network. Similarly, for switch, server and PC select the appropriate icons on the bottom left of the screen in Figure 1and select a 2960 switch, generic server or desktop PC respectively followed by dragging and dropping it into the build screen (blank area in Figure 1). 3) To connect the devices using cables select the 'lightning icon' and choose proper cable. Then click on one of the two devices you wish to connect and select available ports followed by clicking on the second device you intend to connect it to. Figure 1: Cisco Packet Tracer application. 1
ESET 315 Local Area and Metropolitan Networks Labs Task 2: Configure the network and set up two servers (a DNS and a Web server): 1) Build the network shown in Figure 2 with the correct IP addresses and utilizing the correct cables. (For example, connect two switches using crossover cable. Figure 2: Network that you will build in this lab. Note that there is a loop in the switches of subnet 10.10.10.0/24. 2) To configure the desktop, click on the PC in the network for which you want to configure the IP and you will see a box as shown in Figure 3. Then select the 'IP Configuration' button under 'desktop' tab which will lead you to a screen as shown in Figure 4. Make the changes as shown in Figure 4 to assign the IP address. Figure 3: Application for PC 2
ESET 315 Local Area and Metropolitan Networks Labs Figure 4: IP configuration tool for PC 3) For configuring switches and routers similarly click on switch/router in you network which you have built and select the Command Line Interface (CLI) tab. Here you can use commands similar to that used in Putty to configure switches/routers. Use 'int fa0/1' instead of 'int e1'. 4) We have two types of servers. They both need to be configured. One is an HTTP server and the other is a DNS server. The DNS server maps IP addresses to a URL (or web site’s name). 4a) First, set up the IP addresses for both the server in a manner similar to that of the PC. Make sure you can ping among the PCs and servers. This is very important and you should check the connectivity before you configure the application services in each server. Checkpoint: Show the TA’s that you can ping between PCs and between PC’s and each server. 4b) For DNS server under the ‘Services’ tab click the 'DNS' button and put the website name as 'www. eset315lab .com' and the address 50.50.50.100 (This is the IP for Web server). Then click on ‘Add’. This is shown in Figure 5. Figure 5: Configuration tool for DNS server 3
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ESET 315 Local Area and Metropolitan Networks Labs 4c) For HTTP server under the ‘Services’ tab click the 'HTTP' button. Click the 'edit' to see the HTML code for the website hosted on the server, as in Figure 6. Customize it. For instance, in Figure 6 we added a Welcome greeting. Also, make sure the 'On' button is set for HTTP service. Figure 6: Configuration tool for HTTP server Question 1 : Show a screenshot of your PC with IP address 10.10.10.3 opening a Web Browser. Use URL www.eset315lab.com to see if you can connect to the Web server at 50.50.50.3 and get the HTML index page. You should see something similar to Figure 7. Figure 7 - Customize your web page and test it using the Web browser in PC with IP address 10.10.10.3. Task 3: Experiments to see the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) in operation : 1) Now that your network is fully working, let’s check the spanning tree topology of your network. Do the command below for each switch and fill in the tables 1 to 3 for each switch. Please remember the concepts we learned in class about Designated vs Root ports, the IEEE Costs (Table 4), etc. sh spanning-tree 4
ESET 315 Local Area and Metropolitan Networks Labs Table 1 - Switch 0 Port (or interface) Role ( Designated Port or Root Port) State (Forwarding or Blocked) IEEE Cost F0/0 (for example) Table 2 - Switch 1 Port (or interface) Role ( Designated Port or Root Port) State (Forwarding or Blocked) IEEE Cost F0/0 (for example) Table 3 - Switch 2 Port (or interface) Role ( Designated Port or Root Port) State (Forwarding or Blocked) IEEE Cost F0/0 (for example) Ethernet Link IEEE Cost 10 Gbps 2 1 Gbps 4 100 Mbps 19 10 Mbps 100 Table 3: IEEE cost for the various Ethernet links. Task 5: Test your network using real applications with a DNS and Question 2 : Attach the completed Tables 1-3, explain which switch is the root of the Spanning Tree, and add a screenshot of your Cisco Packet Tracer showing which links have the green dot and which ones have the orange dot. 2) Let’s trigger a change to your current Spanning Tree: The link which have green marker on them are the active nodes. Fail one such link between two switches in the 10.10.10.0 network. For instance, to fail a link, you can delete it (click on the X on the right side of the screen and move it to the top of the link) or you can disconnect it by selecting the link and moving it out of the switch. This should trigger the spanning tree protocol and one of the blocked links would get activated. Then for each switch, do the command sh spanning-tree Checkpoint: Show this to the TA. 5
ESET 315 Local Area and Metropolitan Networks Labs Question 3 : Show a screenshot of your new spanning tree configuration, and explain what is the new root switch after your failed the link. Task 4: Change the cost of the link to see a new Spanning Tree configuration 1) Restore the link that you failed in the original configuration. Wait for the switches to activate the links. You should see the original spanning tree. 2) Our switches have a couple of ports that allow 1 Gbps Ethernet. So, on the following links, change the links to connect to a 1 Gbps port: a. Link on another switch, opposite to root bridge b. Link connecting the root bridge to another bridge (any one of the two) 3) Observe the new Spanning Tree. Do the command “ sh spanning-tree ” and observe the new costs. Show it to the TA. Question 4 : Show a screenshot of your new spanning tree configuration after you increased the bandwidth of some links (reduced the cost), and update Tables 5, 6, and 7 based on your results. Table 5 - Switch 0 after changing to 1Gbps port (Task 4) Port (or interface) Role ( Designated Port or Root Port) State (Forwarding or Blocked) IEEE Cost F0/0 (for example) Table 6 - Switch 1 after changing to 1Gbps port (Task 4) Port (or interface) Role ( Designated Port or Root Port) State (Forwarding or Blocked) IEEE Cost F0/0 (for example) Table 7 - Switch 2 after changing to 1Gbps port (Task 4) Port (or interface) Role ( Designated Port or Root Port) State (Forwarding or Blocked) IEEE Cost F0/0 (for example) Post Lab Questions (make sure to add the answers to previous questions your lab report) 6
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ESET 315 Local Area and Metropolitan Networks Labs 7

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