Smahir Abdalgalil-Module 02-Demonstrating Knowledge - Systems Architecture (1)

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Feb 20, 2024

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Smahir Abdalgalil Spring 2024 ITE221 Professor Ester Mendes Module 02-Demonstrating Knowledge - Systems Architecture 02/11/2024 Automated Computation questions: 1. What shortcomings of electrical computation will optical computing devices address? Fabrication complexity (lack of wiring) and unreliability caused by heat, friction, and resistance. 2. What shortcomings of mechanical computation did the introduction of electronic computing devices address? Slow speed, unreliability (because of friction and wear), and fabrication complexity. 3. What similarities exist in mechanical, electrical, and optical methods of computation? All harness the energy of something that's moving (such as gears, electrons, and photons) to perform work. All are subject to fundamental speed limits based on the speed of their moving "parts." All perform computation by using the mathematical properties of physical phenomena. Computer Hardware questions: 4. What is a CPU? What are its primary components? Draw your picture of a CPU. The CPU is the brain of a computer system. It fetches and executes instructions in a stored program and controls the movement of data between computer system

components. The primary CPU components are the control unit, arithmetic logic unit (ALU), and registers. 5. What are registers? What are their functions? Registers are storage locations in the CPU used to hold instructions and data temporarily. 6.What is the main memory? How does it differ from registers? Main memory is a collection of storage locations, typically implemented with random access memory (RAM), that holds instructions and some or all of the data of currently running programs. Primary storage has more capacity than registers but is slower to access. 7. What are the differences between primary and secondary storage? Primary storage is more volatile, faster, and more expensive than secondary storage. Because of its higher cost, its capacity is usually lower than in secondary storage. These differences determine differences in use—chiefly, primary storage supports ongoing CPU activity by storing instructions and data of currently running programs. 8. List at least five types of resources that computers on a local area network or wide area network can share. CPU capacity, interfaces, network, data, email, and programs.

Computer Types and Classes questions: 9. How does a workstation differ from a desktop computer? The difference between a workstation and a desktop is in their intended use and performance capabilities. Workstations are optimized for demanding tasks and can manage complex calculations and simulations more efficiently. 10. How does a supercomputer differ from a mainframe computer? Supercomputers focus on faster computing for the mathematical operations that might be complex in nature. while the mainframe computer offers multiprogramming. 11. Describe three types of multicomputer configurations. What are their comparative advantages and disadvantages? Cluster,grid and blade a/ cluster is a collection of similar or identical computers. Can be easily scaled but on the downside are complex to administer or configure. b/ grid is a collection of dissimilar computers connected to a high-speed network to perform a service or execute a common application. The computers may be spread all over the world, and do not need to be dedicated to the task, but performing it with excess processing power or when not in use. c/ blade is a collection of circuit boards stored in a cabinet, each one contains most of the hardware comprising a computer. A blade is very similar to the cluster, but it can store more computing power in less space. 12. What classes of computer systems are normally used for servers? Every class can be used, for example, micro, mid-range, mainframe, and supercomputer. The Role of Software questions:

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13. What characteristics differentiate application software from system software? Application software is special purpose software used to help fulfill a specific end user's specific need. System software is general purpose software used to help fulfill a large number of users and applications needs. 14. In what ways does system software make developing application software easier? System software provides general purpose reusable functions that can be incorporated in application software. 15. Why has the development of system software paralleled the development of computer hardware? Software consumes hardware resources and uses them to provide services to users. Software can't provide services that require nonexistent or prohibitively expensive hardware resources. Therefore, software advances follow the arrival of powerful and inexpensive hardware. 16. How can a computer system be tuned to a particular application? Adding/enhancing subsystems like the CPU, memory, secondary storage, and graphics.

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