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US History II © ACCESS Virtual Learning 2022 Name: Havannah Mcilwain Date: 9/20/21 School: WCHS Facilitator: Woody Baughn 2.05 Red Scare (36 Points) Communism v. Democracy 1. A popular American history textbook argued that communist form of government in the Soviet Union meant the following: ● The government owned all land and property ● A single political party controlled the government ● Individuals had no rights the government was bound to respect ● The Soviet government promised to spread communism throughout the globe Many Americans living in the 1920s believed these ideas. Why do you think Americans were afraid of the Soviet communist government? Because they wanted to own land and property, and they wanted to keep their freedom and rights guaranteed in the U.S. Constitution. The Soviets wanted to take these freedoms away. Labor Strikes 2. The post-war period witnessed several labor strikes throughout the United States. Why did middle class Americans and wealthy industrialists have a different perspective on labor issues and strikes than the laborers? The laborers were doing strikes to maintain jobs and high wages, but some of them were violent. The middle-class and wealthy saw this violence and thought the laborers were radical revolutionaries and communists. The two political cartoons pictured on the following page were created in the wake of World War I. They each portray similar themes and reflect the turmoil that existed in the nation during the period. Choose one of the cartoons and answer the following questions: 3. Who was the author? Greene was the author of the second cartoon 4. When was it published? It was published on Nov. 1, 1919 5. What is the author’s perspective of the post-World War I world? How was it portrayed in the cartoon? Greene believed that the communist were using labor unions in the U.S to eventually overthrow the government, but doing it “step by step” instead of all at once. So
US History II © ACCESS Virtual Learning 2022 his cartoon literally showed steps of a staircase, with “Labor” walking down it. 6. Do the cartoons below support or challenge what you already know about the labor strikes? Explain. Greenes cartoon supports the idea that labor strikes were supported by people who wanted to change a lot more than just wages or working conditions. Image 1 Kirby, “Coming out of the Smoke” (October 10, 1919)
US History II © ACCESS Virtual Learning 2022 Image 2 Greene, “Step by Step” (November 1, 1919) Constitutional Rights Read Section 3 of the Sedition Act below and answer the questions that follow. Whoever, when the United Sates is at war, shall willfully make or convey false reports or false statements with intent to interfere with the operation or success of the military or naval forces of the United States or to promote the success of its enemies…or incite insubordination, disloyalty, mutiny, or refusal of duty, in the military or naval forces of the United States, or shall willfully obstruct…the recruiting or enlistment service of the United States, or…shall willfully utter, print, write, or publish any disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language about the form of government of the United States, or the Constitution of the United States, or the military or naval forces of the United States…or shall willfully display the flag of any foreign enemy, or shall willfully…urge, incite, or advocate any curtailment of production…or advocate, teach, defend, or suggest the doing of any of the acts or things in this section enumerated and whoever shall by word or act support or favor the cause of any country with which the United States is at war or by word or act oppose the cause of the United States therein, shall be punished by a fine of not more than $10,000 or imprisonment for not more than twenty years, or both.
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US History II © ACCESS Virtual Learning 2022 7. In your own words, list three particular activities made illegal by Section 3 of the Sedition Act. It is illegal to criticize the government. It is illegal to talk bad about the military. It is illegal to try to talk someone out of joining the military. 8. In general terms, what do all the crimes listed within the Sedition Act have in common? All these crimes are just based on things people might say. 9. Is it possible to engage in any of the activities listed above and not be considered a traitor to the United States? Explain using at least 2 sentences. Yes it is possible to disagree with what your government is doing while still being patriotic. Just because you don't like a certain policy doesnt mean youre a traitor. Read the 1 st Amendment to the Constitution below. Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances. 10. Write a 3-sentence summary explaining how the Sedition Act and First Amendment were in conflict with one another. The First Amendment guarantees freedom of speech, but the Sedition Acts prohibited anyone to speak badly about their government. 11. Even though there were certainly Americans during the 1920s that knew of this conflict, most did not speak up. Why do you think they refused to speak up? Explain. Would you? A lot of people probably didn't want to risk their reputation by speaking up. No, I probably would not speak up either because unless you are really rich the government has a lot more power than you do and can make you look bad to everyone. 12. In your opinion, when, if ever, does the government have the right to suppress free speech and nullify (declare invalid) the First Amendment? Explain using at least 3 sentences. Maybe during wartime, if someone knew about a military operation and tried to warn our enemy, it would be okay to suppress that because our soldiers might get killed. Or if someone literally called for people to commit violence against other people. So I guess speech can be limited if people will directly get killed because of it.

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