1.Flexible Seating in the Classroom Setting

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Feb 20, 2024

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Flexible Seating in the Classroom Setting Naquisha L. Ramos-Silva Liberty University

Abstract This paper examines the concept of flexible seating in the classroom. At this time, this form of seating is a relatively new concept. Traditional classrooms have a desk with a chair and students place their supplies inside. Flexible seating encompasses having different forms of seating and different zones. With evidence provided from peer reviewed journals this study demonstrates the potential benefits and potential drawbacks of flexible seating.

Introduction The topic of flexible seating can be a hot topic when discussed with fellow educators. Some believe flexible seating enhances the student’s ability to focus on their learning. Others think the opposite. Flexible seating is a distraction, makes your room chaotic or its too hard to plan. Teachers on both sides only want the student to have a leaning environment that will help them succeed in school. Classrooms are forever changing with new and old studies geared to helping facilitate the perfect environment for students. Is flexible seating going to be a common thing in the classroom? Are more districts going to require this type of setting? Where will the money come from? When something new is presented, people will naturally have questions and may be apprehensive in changing something they have been doing for years. The classroom setting has been constant for a very long time. You have rows or desk facing the board, with the teacher up front. It was a welcome change when a student would walk into a science lab and now you are at these big tables with stools. The its off to lunch, here you are sitting on a bench type table. How do students feel about the change?

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References Zalud, T. (2020). Reconceptualizing the classroom: An exploration of the student and educator experience of flexible seating in the elementary school classroom through the lens of self- determination theory [Doctoral]. In this dissertation Zalud, investigates flexible seating in the elementary classroom. The author included charts, photographs, and layouts. The paper focuses on student centered learning and how this seating options helps to keep the student engaged. The author also includes research into how flexible seating keeps adult employees engaged in their workplace. This study used a qualitative case study of 3 rd and 4 th grade classrooms. Pennington, C., Putman, R., & Munsey, B. (2022). An examination of flexible seating in the higher education classroom from a physical and kinesthetic perspective . Journal of Learning Spaces, 11 (2). Retrieved from https://libjournal.uncg.edu/jls/article/view/2257 This article included some information that others had not. The author raised the idea of the physical benefits of flexible seating. The article focuses on the kinesthetic perspective. Innovative educators typical seek out ways to improve the teaching and learning experience. (Pennington, Putman, Munsay, 2022). The viewpoint is to engage in a physically active classroom environment. Having students move around helps them focus. The article includes a section with quotes from students stating what non-flexible setting makes them feel physically. Cole, K., Schroeder, K., Bataineh, M., & Al-Bataineh, A. (2021). Flexible Seating Impact on Classroom Environment. The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology , 20 (2). https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1304613.pdf

The focus of the research conducted in the study was to determine if students gravities towards certain types of seating. Like other research has found classroom are changing. Classrooms are facilitating an environment that is designed for the different types of learners. Educators are finding new ways and methods to support the learner. There are many factors that may play a role in this, and the classroom environment is essential. (Cole, Bataineh, Schroeder, Al-Bataineh, 2021) The journal answers the question of defining spaces and seating arrangements. This study used a qualitative approach focusing on second and fifth grade students. Walsh, R. (2019). How Student Choice in Flexible Seating Affects Student Perceptions and On- Task Behavior. [Master’s]. This paper focuses on a quantitative research study on flexible seating. The author is student behavior if they are given the choice of flexible seating or if they are assigned seating. Also, to what extent does the student have their own choice on the seating. This student focused on a first-grade classroom which opens the research I am doing to other grade levels. Spiller, S. (2023). How Student Choice in Flexible Seating Affects Student Perceptions and On- Task Behavior [Master's]. This paper gives in-depth research using a quantitative research design. The author felt this was best approach to get the best results. Using quantitative research would give the answers to the research questions. (Spiller, 2023). Surveys were used in the study in order to gather the information. The author gives a glimpse into the steps taken in order to fulfill the research. The

questions and answer included in the paper give you the sense of being there and seeing the research in our eyes. Goodine, E. (2021). ELEMENTARY TEACHERS’ EXPERIENCES IMPLEMENTING FLEXIBLE SEATING WITHIN THE K-5 CLASSROOM [Doctoral]. This qualitative study builds on the limited research about flexible seating by conducting phenomenological interviewing to explore the experiences of three elementary teachers who employed flexible seating. (Goodine, 2021). The researcher narrows done the focus to three teachers versus an entire school or district. In the study several themes emerge in the teacher’s willingness to adopt a flexible seating classroom. The study includes data to support the disengagement of the student in a standard classroom setting. Güven, S., & Uçar, M. (2022). Flexible classrooms and their teachers in primary education. International Online Journal of Primary Education (IOJPE), 11(2), 379-400. https://doi.org/10.55020/iojpe.1085343 Güven and Uçar research led to the conclusion that teachers found the U-shaped classroom seating was more conducive to the student’s ability to focus and learn. The study focused on 3rd-year pre-service teachers studying at a state university education faculty. Teacher has classroom management and are able to set clear expectations. A homogenous sampling was used for the study and used 65 participates. The study also used open ended questions given in the form of an interview. The graphic included on page 6 of the journal provides a snapshot of how flexible seating was successful in the classroom. There is also mention of how class size is

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also a factor in the success of flexible seating. A qualitative research design was used for this study. Hendershot, Austin, "The Impact of Flexible Seating on Academic Performance within an Elementary Classroom" (2022). Dissertations, Theses, and Projects . 739. https://red.mnstate.edu/thesis/739 This quantitative study used 2 third grade classroom over an 8-week period. The data used was from state assessments called STAR and how a classroom with flexible seating versus a classroom with traditional seating did or did not show the same amount of growth. The data provided by Hendershot shows that with flexible seating, students have shown more growth. This form of seating keeps the student engaged and gives them the sense of ownership in their education. Sorrell, M. (2019). Perceptions of Flexible seating . THE JOURNAL OF TEACHER ACTION RESEARCH , 5(2), 120-132. https://doi.org/http://www.practicalteacherresearch.com/uploads/5/6/2/4/56249715/ volume_5_issue_2_2019.pdf Research was conducted by a second-grade teacher to obtain the perspective of flexible seating. The study included teacher, parents, and students to see their thoughts on flexible seating and well the learning environment was them. The results included choice, positive outcomes, social impacts, and classroom managements. The researcher use qualitative data to conduct the study. Swofford , P. (2021). The Use of Flexible Seating in the Elementary Classroom [Doctoral]

The study was conducted to examine flexible seating in an elementary classroom and the effects to academics and behavior. The study took place in southwest Missouri that utilizes flexile seating and traditional seating. The research consisted of 119 school districts from 25 counties, the participants in the study included elementary principals and classroom teachers using a quantitative research design.

Overall Summary The common theme that has emerged is flexible seating is a better learning environment for the student and teacher. If they expectation are lined out for the student and teacher, the system works more efficiently. Almost all the research is based in elementary school with no mention of upper grades. This could be because in the upper grades’ students are moving from class to class and their environments are changing each time. In the lower grades students are in the same classroom with little to no movement. The data collected shows evidence of higher test scores and less discipline issues. The learning environment is also beneficial for students with ADHD or ADD because they are able to move to seating that will provide them with an outlet. There were a few concerns that were raised when teachers were questioned such as cost, availability, comfort to name a few.

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1.Flexible Seating in the Classroom Setting

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