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Apr 3, 2024

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Case Study EXPLORATION: Access to Clean Water ASSIGNMENT FORMAT Submission deadline • Submitted to UBLearns by 11 am, Mon Feb 12 . Label file as: 202Exploration_1_Water_lastname_section_group# (ex: EASConcepts_1_Water_Stark_D_Group20) Format • Upload must be in PDF format. • Create initial document by typing responses directly into this Word file, expanding response space as needed. 12 pt font, Calibri, single spaced w/in paragraphs. Create a PDF version before uploading. • Cover sheet, as provided here. Grading guidelines Case Study Exploration papers are graded on the completeness and accuracy of responses. • Responses should be in full sentences and paragraphs that demonstrate a grasp of the material at the same level of specificity as provided by the Presenter (both orally and on slides), or the source material for a research question. • Papers are graded out of 5 pts. The point value of each question is indicated in the text.
COVER PAGE Assignment Title: Case Study EXPLORATION: Access to Clean Water Student Name: Allen Nguyen Lecture Section (indicate one): Mon 12 pm Mon 1 pm Group Number: 20
“ EXPLORATION” ASSIGNMENT CONTENT (5 pts) Type responses directly into this document, expanding response space as needed. 1. Research two examples of how engineers are working to help create wider Access to Clean Water. For each example, explain (a) in engineering-specific terms how the method works and (b) why it is a good fit to the problem in the particular setting for which it is intended. Cite sources in APA format (recall that Wikipedia is not a primary source). (2 pts) Example 1: Desalination a) Desalination does not only purify salt water sourced from the ocean, the process is also viable as an option to treat groundwater that has unhealthy concentrations of salt or sediment. As new technologies are developed, desalination can become an affordable solution for those who live in fresh water scarce regions. From solar desalination to vapor compression distillation facilities, desalination plants of varying complexity are widely used across the world. b) As the desalination process often mirrors the natural process of producing rain, human- orchestrated desalination has been used to remove salt from water for thousands of years. The simplest form of desalination involves distilling water by converting it to steam and collecting the vapor. In the 1960s, multiple-stage flash evaporation, which was comprised of multiple-effect distillation and vapor-compression, was introduced and quickly became the most feasible method of large-scale desalination. However, modern engineering has evolved since this time to include more complex, energy efficient non-distillation-based methods of desalination that effectively purify large volumes of water using ion exchange and membrane systems to process salt water. citation: 6 Ways Civil Engineering Technology is providing access to clean water . Online. (n.d.). https://online.norwich.edu/online/about/resource-library/6-ways-civil-engineering- technology-providing-access-clean-water Example 2: Water Purification Tablets a) Water purification tablets help clean water by disabling harmful bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms with its active ingredients of chlorine, iodine, or chlorine dioxide. Once the treatment process with the tablets has been completed, chlorine can simply be allowed to evaporate from the water by removing the lid of the water container and iodine neutralizer tablets can also be used to mask the unpleasant taste of iodine.
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b) The tablets can serve as an intermediary solution to clean water shortages, particularly in areas that have recently been struck by natural disasters and are struggling to maintain clean water sources. Since they are easily portable and require no special equipment or power source, the tablets can be incredibly effective during and after natural disasters. citation: 6 Ways Civil Engineering Technology is providing access to clean water . Online. (n.d.). https://online.norwich.edu/online/about/resource-library/6-ways-civil-engineering- technology-providing-access-clean-water 2. Draw upon the sources below, and Dr. Jensen’s presentation, to answer the questions below. The sources need not be cited. (3 pts) • https://www.engineeringforchange.org/solutions/product/hippo-water-roller/ (see “performance and use” tab) • https://www.hipporoller.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/HippoWaterRollers- EasternCape-ImpactAssessmentReport-Oct2012.pdf (p. special attention to p. 6-8) a) Describe how a Hippo Roller can provide a mechanical advantage in comparison to a person physically carrying the water. And: relative to a simple four wheeled wagon pulled by hand. The weight of the water in the wheel allows for the heavy barrel to deflect its weight evenly across the barrel onto the ground instead of that weight being burdened by the person carrying it. This allows for a smooth rolling motion across the floor, much like a continuous wheel of a car. b) Describe 3 ways in which the use of Rollers could improve the quality of life for village residents, in comparison to physically carrying the water. Be sure to fully explain your logic. For each improvement, define a metric by which that improvement could be directly measured. (Recall from EAS 199 that a “metric” is a specific quantitative measure, including units. Measuring “amount of sunlight”, for example, by hours of direct sun/day.) • Improvement 1 description: Improve the mobility. To manage the balance as well as easy on moving. • Improvement 1 Metric: Help people move the rollers easier to the river to get water, especially in villages. • Improvement 2 description: Increase water availability with food and health security, this would not only help them store water, but can also store food. • Improvement 2 Metric: Increase the size of the roller so they can add more storage.
• Improvement 3 description: Reduce neck and back strain, this would help to reduce the back strain for carrying it on their back including their neck. • Improvement 3 Metric: Create something that can help them carry easier.
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