ASB 223 - Project 3

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Arizona State University *

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223

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Civil Engineering

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Dec 6, 2023

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ASB 223, Project 3: Building an Inca Bridge Name: Pedro Fideles de Camara FALL, 2023 DUE: November 27, 2021 When this is complete, upload your assignment on Canvas. You will write FOUR very brief passages about an Inca bridge, from different perspectives: three officials from Inca times and an archaeologist. Your answers should be based on these sources: Read pages 468-475 of the article “Suspension Bridges of the Inca Empire” by Brian Bauer, and look at all the illustrations in the article. This article is posted on Canvas. Read “How the Inca Leapt Canyons” (New York Times, 2007). This is on Canvas. Review your notes about bridges, local village headmen ( kuraka ), labor taxes, and Inca administrators. You may use other sources if you wish, but if you do, these should be at least informally cited. TYPE your answers onto this sheet. Please keep the total length under 2 pages . 1. Initial construction of the bridge (30 points total; 15 points each question) You are the headman ( kuraca ) of a village, and the Inca emperor has ordered you to build a new bridge over a nearby river gorge. There will be a new Inca road through your territory, and the bridge is needed for the new road. Fill out the following information: A. What materials will you need to gather to construct the bridge? (make a list) B. How will you organize the labor to do this task (be brief)? A: Stone, Wood, Plants/Fiber, Dirt, Gravel, Khipu, Copper, and Sand. B: I would first start with Labor Division. Everyone has a different job with the goal to build the bridge. Specialized Teams would be the carpenters of the village shaping the bridge. Leadership Structure would lead and oversees the team. Work Schedule so everybody can have quality rest and be more efficient at work. Communication would be posters and announcements at morning and nights for better communication. For logistic the bridges will be close to the homes and in a strategy place that can connect a hill to another, not having to spend 3 hours to walk around the hill. Everyone working together with a big sense of community. 2. Repair of the bridge (10 points) As the headman ( kuraca ), you have also been ordered to keep the bridge in good repair. How often will the main cables probably have to be replaced? A. Once every 3 months B. Once every year or two C. Once every ten years (*Right answer highlighted) 3. Imperial administration of the bridge (30 points total; 15 points each question) You are an imperial official , with big earspools, from the capital Cuzco. You have been sent to this remote area to keep track of the use of the new bridge (it has just been built). You will use your khipu to keep track of how many people and animals cross the bridge. A. Apart from local villagers, who is likely to use the bridge? 1
Answer: Apart from local villagers, Inca’s military would likely use the bridge, just as merchants and traders, representatives of the Inca Empire, messengers, animals, and villagers from farm away traveling for religious ceremonies. B. When you have gathered information on the use of the bridge for a month, how will you get that information to the emperor in Cuzco? Answer: I would use the khipu, a system of colored strings and knots used for keeping records, to encode information about the bridge. Different colors or knot patterns could represent different information, such as the number of people, types of animals, and reasons for crossing. With the khipu, I would send a messenger, called chaski, to carry the encoded khipu to Cuzco. Chaskis were skilled runners crucial for communication in the Inca Empire. Because it would be a long way to go, I would have to set up a meeting in the route where the messenger could pass on the khipu to the next chaski, ensuring efficient communication. Moreover, the khipu would use symbols or codes that are known to the officials in Cuzco, allowing for a quick interpretation of the information. 4. Archaeology of an Inca bridge (30 points total; 15 points each question) You are an archaeologist sent by ASU to the Andes to find evidence of Inca bridges Answer these questions: A. What kind of archaeological features and artifacts will indicate the presence of an ancient Inca rope bridge? Briefly describe what an archaeologist might expect to find at an ancient bridge setting. Answer: At an ancient Inca bridge setting, archaeologists expect to find large anchor stones, foundation structures, remnants of bridge cables, and cultural artifacts. These archaeological features provide insights into construction techniques, purpose, and the bridge's significance within Inca society. Cable fragments and abutments and piers near the “bridge’s area” would likely indicate the presence of an ancient Inca rope bridge because while organic materials like plant fibers may not survive over time, remnants of cables, if preserved, could provide crucial evidence. B. What kind of evidence would allow you to determine which of the following two opposed hypotheses is likely correct? 1. Rope bridges were only built along imperial highways (and thus only used by official travelers), and local people used trails down cliffs and steep canyons to cross rivers. OR — 2. Rope bridges were built along many types of smaller trails and roads, not just the main official imperial highways. Answer: First, to determine which hypothesis is more likely correct, I would search the landscape to identify If there’s any evidence of bridges being found along smaller trails and roads. With this evidence, I would try to find any cultural artifacts near bridges to understand the demographics around. If diverse artifacts are found, indicating varied societal use, it gives evidence that rope bridges were built along many types of trails. If available, historical documents of the area would help understand the usage of the bridge, and possibly give evidence for a rope one. After examining the design of the bridges, size, history, and everything combined, would give us positive evidence that rope bridges were built along many types of smaller trails and roads, not just the main official imperial highways. 2
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