Student Exploration_ Solubility and Temperature

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Name: Date: 9/14/2023 Student Exploration: Solubility and Temperature Directions: Follow the instructions in red to go through the simulation. Respond to the questions and prompts in the orange boxes. All data should be written as seen in the simulation. DO NOT ROUND YOUR ANSWERS. Vocabulary: concentration, dissolve, homogeneous mixture, solubility, solubility curve, solute, solution, solvent Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.) 1. What happens when you stir a spoonful of sugar into hot water? Stirring a spoonful of sugar into hot water will make sugar dissolve in the hot water. 2. When sugar or another substance is dissolved in water, it disappears from view and forms a homogeneous mixture with the water, also called a solution . If you can’t see the sugar, how can you tell that it is there? If you taste the water after it is dissolved, you will notice that the water tastes sweet from the sugar. 3. Does sugar dissolve more easily in hot water or cold water? Sugar dissolves more easily in hot water. Gizmo Warm-up A solution generally consists of two parts, a solute that is dissolved and a solvent that the solute is dissolved into. For example, sugar is a solute that is dissolved into the solvent water. In the Solubility and Temperature Gizmo, you will study how temperature affects how much solute will dissolve in a solution. To begin, check that Potassium nitrate is selected and the Temp. of the water is 20 °C . Click OK . 1. In this solution, what is the solute? (What will be added to the water?) Potassium nitrate What is the solvent? (What is in the beaker?) Water 2. Click Add 10 g to mix 10 g of potassium nitrate into the water. Click on the BAR CHART tab in the top right of the Gizmo. Click the “Show Numerical Values” box under the bar chart. The bar chart shows the amount of solute added that is added (the blue bar), as well as any of the solute that does not dissolve (the green bar). Reproduction for educational use only. Public sharing or posting prohibited. © 2020 ExploreLearning™ All rights reserved

A. Did all the potassium nitrate dissolve? Yes B. How can you tell? I can tell because the water is clear, there are no visible remnants or signs of potassium nitrate in the water. Activity A: Solubility Get the Gizmo ready: ● Click Reset . ● Check that the Temp. is 20 °C and that Potassium nitrate is selected. Question: How do we find how much solute can be dissolved in a solvent? 1. Observe: Click OK . Click Add 20 g , and observe the potassium nitrate being mixed into the solution. On the right, select the BAR CHART tab and turn on Show numerical value . The bars show how much solute has been added and how much has piled up on the bottom. Did all the solute dissolve? Yes, all of the solute dissolved. 2. Calculate : The concentration of a solution is equal to the grams of solute that is dissolved in the given volume of solvent. What is the concentration of this solution? Fill in the blank in the box with the number of grams of solute. 20 g/ 100 ml H 2 O (Just type the number of grams in the blank that you see on the blue bar) 3. Experiment: Click Add 20 g again . A. Did all the solute dissolve? Explain how you can tell. No, there are visible traces of potassium nitrate at the bottom. B. Based on the amount of solute added, and the amount piled up on the bottom, how many grams of solute dissolved in the water? (SUBTRACT: ADDED - AT BOTTOM ) DO NOT ROUND YOUR ANSWER TO A WHOLE NUMBER. 30.65g of the solute dissolved in the water. C. The solubility of the solution is equal to the maximum concentration of the solute. What is the solubility of potassium nitrate in 20 °C water? HOW MANY GRAMS WILL DISSOLVE IN 100 ML OF WATER AT 20C? FILL IN THE BLANK IN THE BOX. 20 g/ 100 ml H 2 O (Hint: It is the same number of grams you got for part B above). Reproduction for educational use only. Public sharing or posting prohibited. © 2020 ExploreLearning™ All rights reserved

4. Experiment: Click Reset , and select Sodium chloride . With the Temp. still set to 20 °C , click OK . Add sodium chloride (ADD 10 GRAMS AT A TIME) to the beaker until it starts piling up at the bottom. Stop adding the sodium chloride as soon as you see solute piling up the bottom (the green bar) A. How much sodium chloride did you add? (Blue bar) 40g B. How much sodium chloride piled up at the bottom? (Green bar) 3.34 C. How much sodium chloride dissolved in the water? (SUBTRACT: ADDED - AT BOTTOM ) DO NOT ROUND YOUR ANSWER TO A WHOLE NUMBER. 36.66 D. What is the solubility of sodium chloride in 20 °C water? HOW MANY GRAMS WILL DISSOLVE IN 100 ML OF WATER AT 20C? FILL IN THE BLANK IN THE BOX. 36.66 g/ 100 ml H 2 O (Hint: It is the same number of grams you got for part C above). Activity B: Solubility and temperature Get the Gizmo ready: ● Click Reset . ● Set the Temp. to 10 °C . ( Type in 10.0 in the box and hit your ENTER key) make sure the slider moves down. ● Select Potassium nitrate , and click OK . Question: How does temperature of the solvent affect solubility? 1. Predict: Based on your own experience, how do you expect temperature to affect solubility? Based on my own experience, I expect the warmer the temperature, the easier it is for the solute to dissolve in the solvent. The colder the temperature, the more difficult it is for the solute to dissolve in the solvent. 2. Gather data: Use the Gizmo to measure the solubility of potassium nitrate at each temperature given in the table below. ADD 10 GRAMS AT A TIME AT EACH TEMPERATURE UNTIL IT SETTLES OUT AT THE BOTTOM (GREEN BAR). SUBTRACT: ADDED - AT BOTTOM TO GET THE SOLUBILITY AT EACH TEMPERATURE . RECORD EACH AMOUNT (IN GRAMS) IN THE TABLE BELOW. YOU MUST RESET THE GIZMO EACH TIME AND CHANGE THE TEMPERATURE, THEN PRESS OK. Temperature Solubility Grams of Potassium Nitrate that can dissolve in 100 ml of water SUBTRACT: Reproduction for educational use only. Public sharing or posting prohibited. © 2020 ExploreLearning™ All rights reserved

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ADDED - AT BOTTOM DO NOT ROUND YOUR ANSWER TO A WHOLE NUMBER. 10 °C 20. 54 grams 20 °C 30.65 grams 30 °C 44.44 grams 40 °C 61.91 grams 50 °C 83.06 grams 60 °C 107.89 grams 70 °C 136.4 grams 80 °C 168.59 grams 90 °C 204.47 grams 3. According to the data, what happens to the solubility of potassium nitrate when the temperature increases? Your answer should be in a complete sentence. For example, “According to the data, when the temperature _____________, the solubility of potassium nitrate __________________.” According to the data, when the temperature increases, the solubility of potassium nitrate increases. Reproduction for educational use only. Public sharing or posting prohibited. © 2020 ExploreLearning™ All rights reserved

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