Experiment 2

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Citrus College *

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110

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Chemistry

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Jan 9, 2024

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Lana Sukarieh Professor Ahmad Al-Shawa Chem 110 September 26, 2023 Experiment #2: seperation of the component of a mixture Introduction: This experiment was designed to teach us about the physical properties and proper use of laboratory items. The procedure entailed taking a sample of NH4Cl and subliming it in order to extract the soluble NaCl. The mixture was then filtered through filter paper to obtain the insoluble SiO2. Finally, the individual components were separated and their masses were determined in order to quantify the sample's percent composition within the mixture. Data Unknown sample #131 Table 1. Obtaining the sample Mass of beaker #1 and sample Mass of beaker Mass of sample 48.54 45.52 3.02 Table 2. Separating the ammonium chloride Mass of beaker, NaCl and SiO2 Mass of NH4Cl 47.50 1.04 Table 3. Separating the silicon dioxide Mass of SiO2, filter paper & Beaker #2 Mass of filter and beaker #2 Mass of SiO2 34.66 33.75 0.91 Table 4. Separating the sodium chloride Mass of NaCl and evaporating dish Mass of evaporating dish Mass of NaCl final: 53.31 1st: 53.31 2nd: 53.31 53.75 -0.44

Calculations and graphs Formula: mass of product/ sample mass x 100 %NH4Cl 1.04/3.02 x100 =34.44% %SiO2 0.91/3.02 x 100= 30% %NaCl -0.44/3.02 x100= -14.70% Post lab questions 1.Suggest a problem or disadvantage with rinsing the SiO2 with significantly more water than directed? How about much less? A disadvantage that can occur when rising the SiO2 is that it can take a lot longer to dry or cause an increase in initial measurement of the beaker. 2. Why cool an object to room temperature before weighing? Note effects if not idone. Weighing before the object has cooled can lead to inaccurate weight measurement. 3. Describe a technique to separate materials that might be observed in a kitchen.

A technique to separate materials that can be seen in a kitchen is filtration. For example, straining the water from cooked pasta. Conclusion: In this lab, we performed an experiment in which we separated the components of a mixture containing ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), silicon dioxide (SiO2), and sodium chloride (NaCl) using physical separation. We separated the unknown mixture using sublimation, which removed all residue and heat until the ammonium chloride vapors were no longer visible. The next technique we employed was filtration, which involved folding a filter paper to fit into a funnel and pouring approximately 10 mL of deionized water through the filter paper and onto an evaporating dish. Our third and last procedure was evaporation, which involved heating our aqueous salt solution (sodium chloride) to dryness over a Bunsen burner, resulting in hard and crunchy salt. Sources of error: 1. Not allowing the beaker to cool down could lead to incorrect measurements. 2. Improper filtration of SiO2 through filter paper could lead to loss of sample. 3. Heat application could cause salt to pop, which could result in loss of sample.

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