Notes-PHYS-273
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Concordia University *
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Course
PHYS273
Subject
Chemistry
Date
Jan 9, 2024
Type
docx
Pages
73
Uploaded by ColonelField12956
Table of Contents
Quiz 1:
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1
Quiz 2:
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3
Quiz 3:
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3
Quiz 4
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4
Quiz 5:
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6
MIDTERM
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7
Quiz 6
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12
Quiz 7:
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13
Quiz 8:
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14
Quiz 9:
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16
Quiz 10:
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17
Quiz 11:
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17
Quiz 12
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18
MIDTERM
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19
LESSON 2
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20
LESSON 3
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21
LESSON 4
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22
LESSON 5
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24
LESSON 6
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27
LESSON 7
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29
LESSON 8
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30
LESSON 9
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33
LESSON 10
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34
LESSON 11
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36
LESSON 12
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38
EXTRA
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40
Quiz 1:
2.
The “c” in E=mc2 refers to
The speed of light
3.
You try to pick up your mom's car but it's too heavy and it doesn't move. After you are very tired. Which is
true?
You did no work on the car because it did not move
3.
The metric unit of energy is
The Joule
4.
The energy due to an object's motion is called
Kinetic Energy
5.
The sun's energy reaches earth in the form of
Electromagnetic energy
6.
Work is
The transfer of energy
7.
Dino and Jake are out for a walk together pushing their strollers. They each exert the same force on their
strollers. Dino walks twice as far as jake.
Dino does twice as much work as Jake
8.
You pick an apple up off the ground and lift it up one metre to the top of a table. Which of the following is
true?
You have increased the apples gravitational potential energy
9.
Saying “Electromagnetic spectrum” is the same as saying “Visible light”
False
10.
A joule is
The work done by a one newton force acting over one metre
11.
The energy due to the motion of atoms in a material is
Thermal energy
12.
If you double the speed of an object how does its kinetic energy change?
It quadruples
13.
The energy stored in a coal is an example of
Thermal energy
14.
A Calorie is
The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius
15.
The energy carried by light is called
Electromagnetic energy
16.
If the temperature of an object increases, the thermal energy
Always increases
17.
Mass being converted to energy is an example of
Nuclear energy
18.
All electromagnetic radiation is visible light.
False
19.
Energy is
The ability to do work
Quiz 2:
Quiz 3:
1.
In an Isolated system the entropy of the system increases over time
True
2.
Only a small percentage of the electricity we use is produced by converting mechanical energy into
electrical energy.
False
3.
The measure of randomness, or disorder, of a system is called
Entropy
4.
Without a temperature difference between a heat source and heat sink, it is impossible to run a heat
engine.
True
5.
As the entropy of a system increases, the total amount of useful energy decreases.
True
6.
Currently, the best electrical power plants have efficiencies around
40%
7.
If the engine in your car produces 30 joules of useful work for every 100 joules of gasoline used, what is its
efficiency?
30%
8.
Generators convert
Mechanical energy to electrical energy
9.
The amount of energy released per 100 grams of fuel burned in a reaction is called
The heat of combustion
10.
Entropy never spontaneously increases
False
11.
A process that occurs spontaneously in one direction is only called
irreversible
12.
Heat engines convert
Thermal energy to mechanical energy
13.
Faraday discovered that
Changing magnetic fields produce electric current
14.
Only a small percentage of the electricity we use is produced by converting mechanical energy into
electrical energy
False
15.
A battery contains 1000 joules of energy. The maximum amount of work it can do is 1000 joules. This is an
example of
Both the First law of Thermodynamics and the Law of Conservation of Energy
16.
For heat engines, the larger the temperature difference between the heat source and the heat sink, the
higher the best possible efficiency.
True
17.
Which has a lower entropy?
A deck of cards that you just bought and are still in order.
18.
The change in internal energy of a system equals the net heat transfer into the system minus the net work
done by the system. This is
The first law of thermodynamics.
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19.
Which of the following is not a main product in the combustion of hydrocarbons.
Oxygen gas
21.
Using the heat source and heat sink temperatures for a heat engine, you calculate that the best efficiency
(according to the formula derived by Carnot) is 60%. This means:
The best efficiency a heat engine operating at these temperatures can have is 60%.
22.
Heat (or energy) transfer occurs spontaneously from higher to lower temperature bodies, but never in
reverse. This is
The second law of thermodynamics
Quiz 4
1. What percentage of Canada’s energy consumption is it the form of fossil fuels?
About 75%
2. Which countries have the highest percent use of renewable energy?
High income countries
3. How is the majority of electricity produced in Canada?
Hydro
4. In Canada what form of renewable energy is used for the most energy production?
Hydro
5.
Which of the following is a non-renewable resource?
Uranium
6.
Per capita energy use is growing most rapidly in.
China
7.
In North America, since around 2005, natural gas consumption has.
Increased
8.
In North America, since around 2005, Oil consumption has.
Plateaued
9.
Canada uses less energy per person that the U.S.
False
10. Most countries depend on fossil fuel for more than 50% of their energy needs.
True
11. Fossil fuels are not a renewable resources because.
They take 100s millions of years to produce
12. Which is NOT true about renewable resources that come from the sun’s energy?
We are using them up faster than they are being produced
13. In Canada from 2014-2040 which sector is expected to see the largest decrease in growth rate?
Transportation
14. What percentage of Canada’s energy consumption is in the form alternative/nuclear Energy?
About 25%
15. In the U.S. about 50% of the total energy used in the transportation sector
False
16. Coal consumption in North America has increased every year for the last 80 years.
False
17. Canada uses less energy per person that most countries.
False
18. Energy use per person is much higher.
In highly developed countries
19. Which Region has seen the largest growth in coal consumption over the last 30 years?
Asia
20. Which region has the largest growth in coal consumption recently?
Asia
21. In the last 30 years South Asia has not seen a large increase % of energy coming from fossil fuels.
False
22. The map shows total energy consumption by country. Which of the following countries use the most energy?
China
23. Using the Sankey diagram: Most energy produced by coal is used for
Transport
24. Using the Sankey diagram. Which is not a major source of electricity generation?
Crude oil
25. The graph shows total energy use split into OECD and non-OECD countries. When did non-OECD countries start
having a higher energy consumption?
2012
26. The graph shows total energy use split into OECD and non-OECD countries. Which countries expected to have
most rapid increase in energy consumption?
Non-OECD
27. Using the Sankey diagram. Which of the following is not a main use of energy produced by natural gas?
Transport
28. The map shows total energy consumption by country. Which of the following countries use the least energy?
Australia
Quiz 5:
1.
Hydraulic fracturing (or fracking) uses chemicals dissolved in water to breakdown the rock and release the
hydrocarbons for extraction
True
2.
Compared to other fossil fuels, natural gas releases more harmful combustion products
False
3.
Compared with other countries, where does Canada place in terms of proved oil reserves
Third
4.
There is no way humans could use up the known oil supplies
False
5.
In a structural trap oil is trapped between
A lower layer of porous rock and an upper layer of non-porous rock
6.
When surface mining, the soil and rock above the coal is called
Overburden
7.
What percentage of the oil produced in Canada is exported
50%
8.
Which of the following is a form of coal surface mining
They are all forms of coal surface mining
9.
What fraction of the coal produced in Canada is exported
50%
10.
Which of the following is not a factor that will prolong the amount of time that the world’s oil supply
might last
The World’s demand for oil is decreasing
11.
What percentage of crude oil production is offshore
30%
12.
Per BTU of energy, how does the cost of natural gas compare to the cost of electricity
Electricity is about 2.5 times more expensive than natural gas
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13.
Per BTU of energy, how does the cost of natural gas compare to the cost of gasoline
Gasoline is about 2 times more expensive than natural gas
14.
surface mining techniques are used when coal deposits are
Close to the surface
15.
How has the demand for natural gas changed recently
It has increased
16.
In Canada which sector uses the most natural gas
Energy Industry
17.
Which of following is NOT a factor that will decrease the amount of time that the world’s oil supply might
last
We will not discover new oil reserves in the future
18.
Which two countries contain about half of the world’s known natural gas reserves
Russia and Iran
19.
Which of the following is an advantage of subsurface mining
There is less of a surface impact
20.
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of oil over coal
Oil is the most abundant fossil fuel
21.
In which hemisphere are most of the known coal reserves are found
Northern
22.
Compared with other countries, where does Canada place in terms of proved oil reserves
Third
23.
Subsurface mining techniques are used when coal deposits are
Harder to access
24.
In North America the percentage of energy used that comes from fossil fuels is increasing
False
25.
When petroleum products are refined they get separated according to
Their boiling points
26.
Tight resources are oil and natural gas deposits that are
Not extractable by conventional drilling methods
27.
At the current rate of use the currently known coal reserves could last
Hundreds of years
28.
There hasn’t been a major mining accident in Canada since the 1970s
False
29.
What fraction of the coal produced in Canada is used to produce electricity domestically
50%
30.
In Canada which sector uses the most natural gas
Energy Industry
31.
Approximately how many mining fatalities were there in the United States
100 000
MIDTERM
:
1.
Work is
The transfer of energy
2.
Mass being converted to energy is an example of
Nuclear energy
3.
Power is
The rate at which energy is produced or consumed
4.
In an isolated system energy can be transformed from one form to another but the total energy in the
system must stay consistent
True
5.
The Law of Conservation of Energy
Is a fundamental law of physics with no known exceptions
6.
A flat plate collector is similar to the small solar panel in a calculator and takes the sun’s energy and turns
it into useable electricity.
False
7.
A heat exchanger is a device that
Transfers thermal energy from one fluid to another
8.
The amount of solar radiation hitting the Earth depends on
All of the mentioned choices
9.
What fraction of Canada’s 2015 electricity production was from solar energy?
1%
10.
A clothes dryer consumes 2500 watts of energy. In 2 seconds how much energy does the dryer use?
5000 Joules
11.
If the total energy of a system increases this does not necessarily mean that energy was added to the
system.
False
12.
According to the Law of Conservation of Energy if solar panels use the sun’s energy in Arizona, then there
will be less solar energy for us to use in Canada
False
13.
You are camping and you start a wood fire and use it to boil some water in a pot. What is the flow of
energy?
Kinetic, Chemical, Thermal
14.
The amount of energy released per 100 grams of fuel burned in a reaction is called
The heat of combustion
15.
The change in internal energy of a system equals the net transfer into the system minus the net work done
by the system. This is
The first law of Thermodynamics.
16.
If the engine in your car produces 30 joules of useful work for every 100 joules of gasoline used, what is its
efficiency?
30%
17.
Currently, the best electrical power plants have efficiencies around
40%
18.
Using the heat source and heat sink temperatures for a heat engine, you calculate that the best efficiency
(according to the formula derived by Carnot) is 60%. This means
The best efficiency a heat engine operating at these temperatures can have is 60%.
19.
Which has a lower entropy?
A deck of cards that you just bought and are still in order
20.
Energy use per person is much higher
In highly developed countries
21.
What percentage of Canada’s energy consumption is in the form if fossil fuels?
75%
22.
Coal consumption in North America has increased every year for the last 80 years.
False
23.
Per BTU of energy, how does the cost of natural gas compare to the cost of gasoline?
Gasoline is about 2 times more expensive than natural gas.
24.
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of oil over coal?
Oil is the most abundant fossil fuel
25.
When petroleum products are refined they get separated according to
Their boiling points
26.
In a structural trap oil is trapped between
A lower layer of porous rock and an upper layer of non-porous rock
27.
There is no way humans could use up the known oil supplies.
False
28.
What fraction of the coal produced in Canada is used to produce electricity domestically?
50%
29.
What fraction of the coal produced in Canada is exported?
50%
30.
Which of the following is part of a home designed with passive solar heating?
South facing windows
31.
The sun’s energy is thought of as a renewable energy source because
Because the sun’s lifetime is very very long
32.
A flat plate collector is similar to the small solar panel in a calculator and takes the sun’s energy and turns
it into useable electricity.
False
33.
A heat exchanger is a device that
Transfers thermal energy from one fluid to another
34.
The energy due to an object’s motion is called
Kinetic energy
35.
Energy is
The ability to do work
36.
You pick an apple off the ground and lift it up one metre to the top of the table. Which of the following is
true?
You have increased the apple’s gravitational potential energy.
37.
A calorie is
The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree.
38.
If you double the speed of an object how does its kinetic energy change?
It quadruples
39.
A joule is
The work done by a one newton force acting over one metre.
40.
Mass being converted to energy is an example of
Nuclear energy
41.
The metric unit of energy is
The joule
42.
A ball is rolling down a hill and gaining speed. Which is true?
The ball is losing potential energy and gaining kinetic energy.
43.
Which of the following could NOT be a unit of power?
Joules
44.
For the Law of Conservation of Energy, we must turn off lights, heaters, etc., when we leave the house
False
45.
Plants need light in order to grow. They use the process of photosynthesis for this. What is the energy
transfer involved?
Electromagnetic -> Chemical
46.
Heat (or energy) transfer occurs spontaneously from higher to lower temperature bodies, but never in
reverse.
The first law of thermodynamics
47.
Which of the following is NOT a main product in the combustion of hydrocarbons?
Oxygen gas
48.
Fossil Fuels are not a renewable resource because
They take 100s millions of years to produce.
49.
Per Capita energy use is growing most rapidly in
China
50.
In the U.S. about 50% of the total energy used is used in the transportation sector.
False
51.
Which countries have the highest percent use of renewable energy?
High Income countries
52.
In which hemisphere are most of the known coal reserves are found?
Northern
53.
How has the demand for natural gas changed recently?
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It has increased
54.
There hasn’t been a major mining accident in Canada since the 1970s
False
55.
Which two countries contain about half of the world’s known natural gas reserves?
Russia and Iran
56.
Which of the following is NOT a factor that will decrease the amount of time that the world’s oil supply
might last?
We will not discover new oil reserves in the future.
57.
Which of the following is a form of coal surface mining?
They are all forms of coal surface mining.
58.
The sun’s energy is produced by
Nuclear Fusion
59.
The cost of electricity produced with photovoltaics has not changed considerably over the last few
decades.
False
60.
On a clear day about how much of the lights hitting the Earth makes it to the surface?
24%
61.
Why is solar energy production in Montreal less promising than other regions such as the Southwestern
United States?
The amount of solar energy (insolation) is much lower in Montreal.
62.
The peak of the sun’s light spectrum is in the
Visible
62.
The intensity of sunlight at Mercury is greater than the intensity of sunlight at Venus because
Mercury is closer to the sun
64.
Which of the following is closest to being an isolated system?
A very well insulated, opaque cooler.
65.
A laser is powered by a battery and is used to heat up a spot on a piece of paper. Then energy flow is
Electromagnetic
66.
In a system which is NOT isolated the total amount of energy must stay constant.
False
67.
Which of the following is NOT a main product in the combustion of hydrocarbons?
Oxygen Gas
68.
Canada uses less energy per person that the US.
False
69.
In Canada from 2014-2040 which sector is expected to see the largest decrease in growth rate?
Transportation
70.
Which is NOT true about renewable resources that come from the sun’s energy?
We are using them up faster than they are being produced.
71.
Most countries depend on fossil fuels for more than 50% of their energy needs.
True
72.
In North America, since around 2005, oil consumption has
Increased I THINK RIGHT ANSWER IS PLATEAUD (check quiz2)
73.
Which region has the largest growth in coal consumption recently?
Asia
74.
Tight resources are oil and natural gas deposits that are
Not extractable by conventional drilling methods.
75.
In North America the percentage of energy used that comes from fossil fuels is increasing
False
76.
Per BTU of energy, how does the cost of natural gas compare to the cost of electricity?
Electricity is about 2.5 times more expensive than natural gas.
77.
Starting with energy production in the sun, choose the correct forms of energy to complete the energy
flow description for an solar thermal electricity production system? Nuclear -> X -> Y -> Kinetic -> Z
Nuclear, Electromagnetic Radiation, Electric
78.
If the total energy of a system increases this does not necessarily mean that energy was added to the
system.
False
79.
All electromagnetic radiation is visible light.
False
80.
The “c” in E=mc2 refers to
The speed of light
81.
The energy stored in coal is an example of
Chemical energy
82.
The energy due to an object’s motion is called
Kinetic energy
83.
Light intensity is
The power divided by the area over which the light shines.
84.
Home appliances that produce heat tend to be low power.
False
85.
Your little sister drops a bag of candy on your head from the roof of your house. Right before it hits your
head it is moving quickly. Which describes the candy’s energy, from roof to head?
The candy has lost potential energy and gained kinetic energy.
86.
Which of the following is a non renewable resource?
Uranium
87.
Which countries have the highest percent use of renewable energy?
High income countries
88.
Which is NOT true about renewable resources that come from the sun’s energy?
We are using them up faster than they are being produced.
89.
There is no way humans could use up the known oil supplies.
False
90.
Which of the following is a form of coal surface mining?
They are all forms of coal surface mining.
91.
Which of the following is NOT a factor that will prolong the amount of time that the World’s oil supply
might last?
The world’s demand for oil is decreasing.
92.
The main concern for hydraulic fracturing activities is the effects on
Water and water systems
93.
What percentage of crude oil production is offshore?
30%
94.
Considering only the amount of solar energy available, in which region would it make the most sense to
develop solar energy production?
Southern Saskatchewan
95.
Which of the following is part of a home designed with passive solar heating?
South Facing windows
96.
Saying “the electromagnetic spectrum” is the same as saying “visible light”.
False
97.
The energy due to the motions of atoms in a material is
Thermal energy
98.
The sun’s energy reaches Earth in the form of
Electromagnetic energy
99.
A clothes dryer consumes 2500 watts of energy. In 2 seconds how much energy does the dryer use?
5000 joules
100.Which is of the following a renewable resource?
Hydro-Power
101.Compared to other fossil fuels, natural gas releases more harmful combustion products.
False
102.Compared with other countries, where does Canada place in terms of proved oil reserves?
Third.
103.Which of the following is an advantage of subsurface mining?
There is less of a surface impact.
Quiz 6
1.
A flat plate collector is similar to the small solar panel in a calculator and takes the sun’s energy and turns
it into usable electricity
False
2.
What fraction of Canada’s 2015 electricity production was from solar energy?
1%
3.
The peak of the sun’s light spectrum is in the…
Visible
4.
Considering only the amount of solar energy available, in which region would it make the most sense to
develop solar energy production?
Southern Saskatchewan
5.
Which of the following is part of a home designed with passive solar heating?
South facing windows
6.
A heat exchanger is a device that…
Transfers thermal energy from one fluid to another
7.
Starting with energy production in the sun, choose the correct forms of energy to complete the energy
flow description for an active solar system?
Mass/nuclear to electromagnetic radiation to heat/thermal
8.
Net metering
Allows you to sell (or exchange for credit) excess solar power that you have generated back to the
provider.
9.
The amount of solar radiation hitting the Earth depends on…
The time of day, the amount of cloud cover, season of the year, distance from the equator
10.
The sun’s energy is produced by
Nuclear fusion
11.
Why is solar energy production in Montreal less promising than other regions such as the Southwestern
United States?
The amount of solar energy (insolation) is much lower in Montreal
12.
The sun’s energy is thought of as a renewable energy source because…
The sun’s lifetime is very very long
13.
The intensity of sunlight at Mercury is greater than the intensity of the sunlight at Venus because…
Mercury is closer to the sun
14.
The cost of electricity produces with photovoltaics has not changed considerably over the last few
decades.
False
15.
On a clear day about how much of the light hitting the Earth makes it to the surface?
24%
16.
In Canada what form of renewable energy is used for the most energy production?
Hydro
17.
Light intensity is…
The power decided by the area over which the light shines.
18.
Photovoltaic solar cells are…
Wafers of crystalline silicon treated with metals that absorb solar radiation and generate electricity.
19.
Which of the following could be used to store the heat from passive solar heating?
Containers of water
20.
Starting with energy production in the sun, choose the correct forms of energy to complete the energy to
complete the energy flow description for a solar thermal electricity production system?
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Nuclear to electromagnetic radiation to thermal to kinetic to electric
21.
Which is NOT true about renewable resources that come from the sun’s energy?
The lifetime of the source does not depend on the rate of use
Quiz 7:
1.
The hydraulic cycle is driven by energy from
The Sun
2.
The most efficient wind turbines interrupt the airflow as much as possible
false
3.
Canada generates how much of its electricity through hydro power
60%
4.
Which of the following is not a major concern with the use of hydrogen for energy?
Hydrogen in not renewable
5.
The power derived by the wind depends on
V3
6.
The most efficient windmills today have efficiencies of less than 30%
false
7.
Canada is one of the top 3 countries in terms of total power produced by wind
false
8.
Which of the following in not considered a renewable energy source
A nuclear power plant
9.
Which of the following is not a major negative impact of the operation of hydroelectric dams
CO2 emissions
10.
Which of the following is not negative impact of the construction of hydroelectric dams
Depletion of the energy driving the hydraulic cycle
11.
Geothermal energy comes from both continual heat loss from the Earth’s formation and
Radioactive decays
12.
About what percent of Canada’s hydropower generation is large scale hydro?
95%
13.
A fuel cell converts
Chemical energy into electrical energy
14.
Tidal power is a predictable form of energy generation
true
15.
In the future with better engineering we could have propellor style windmills with efficiencies of up to
75%
false
16.
Which of the following areas in Canada has the least wind energy infrastructure?
The West Coast
17.
The power output from a hydroelectric plant depends on:
The volume & speed of the water
18.
Which of the following is not true regarding run of river hydroelectricity production vs dam
hydroelectricity production?
Run of river is usually higher power production
19.
The upfront costs of geothermal plants are high
True
20.
Besides high wind speeds what is needed in order to have large scale wind farms?
High voltage transmission lines
21.
What is the energy flow to produce electricity from the water above a dam?
Gravitational potential → Kinetic → Electrical
22.
Besides high wind speeds what is needed in order to have large scale wind farms?
Large cities
23.
In the future with better engineering we could have propeller style windmills with efficiencies of up to
75%.
False
24.
Power is
The rate at which energy is produced or consumed
Quiz 8:
1.
A breeder reactor is a reactor that
(Produces more fissionable fuel than it consumes)
2.
At the current rate of use, known uranium deposits would last approximately?
(100 years)
3.
Canada has approximately what percentage of the world’s known uranium resources?
(10%)
4.
To get the same amount of energy from uranium and coal, much less uranium needs to be mined because
(the energy density of uranium is much higher)
5.
Which of the following is not emitted after a fission reaction?
(Uranium)
6.
It is possible under the right conditions for a nuclear reactor to explode in a manner similar to a nuclear weapon.
(False)
7.
The number of which type of particles needs to be regulated in order to control the chain reaction in a fission
reactor?
(Neutrons)
8.
Currently there are no large-scale fusion reactors for energy generation because
(With current technology more energy needs to be put in to a fusion reaction than is released)
9.
Per TWh of energy produced, which method of energy production has the lowest fatality rate?
(Nuclear)
10. Per atom, chemical reactions release millions of times more energy than nuclear reactions.
(False)
11. The total fraction of energy generated by nuclear power worldwide is predicted to increase by 2040.
(False)
12. Most of the energy released in a fission reaction from uranium-235 is what type of energy
(Kinetic)
13. Currently how many long-term storage facilities are there for nuclear reactor waste?
(0)
14. Per TWh of energy produced, which method of energy production has, by far, the highest fatality rate?
(Coal)
15. Which country is projected to have the largest increase is nuclear energy production by 2040?
(China)
16. According to current projections the total amount of electricity produced through nuclear power in Canada by
2040 will
(Decrease)
17. What country has the most total electricity produced through nuclear power?
(United States)
18. Spent nuclear fuel has been used up and therefor is no longer radioactive.
(False)
19. What country has the highest percent of their electricity generated through nuclear power?
(France)
Quiz 9:
1.
If a 100W light bulb produces 3W of visible light, 60W of heat, and 37W of invisible radiation, what is its
efficiency?
3%
2.
The standard that certifies energy efficient products is called
Energy Star
3.
A tankless hot water heater is more efficient than a hot water tank because
It does not have a large amount of hot water gradually losing energy
4.
All electric heating systems do not depend on fossil fuels for energy production
False
5.
In Canada most of our residential energy use is consumed through
Space heating
6.
A heat pump uses electricity
To run a small compressor
7.
When heat is transferred between two objects in contact with each other, the process is called
Conduction
8.
A good home insulation will not be good at transferring heat
True
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9.
When heat is transferred by light being emitted or absorbed, the process is called
Radiation
10.
Energy efficient light bulbs are about 50% more efficient than standard light bulbs
False
11.
When heat is transferred through the macroscopic movement of fluids, the process is called
Convection
Quiz 10:
1.
In Canada the number of rail and truck oil related incidents has been fairly steady over the last 1O years or
so.
-
True
2.
The energy sector is the leading cause of sulphur oxides.
-
False
3.
The main pollutant that can contaminate water systems after coal has been burned Is called.
-
Coal ash
4.
Which sector produces the most nitrogen oxide?
-
Transportation
5.
Which of the following is a primary pollutant?
-
S02
6.
Which sector produces the most air pollution?
-
Transportation
7.
Almost all air pollutant emissions are currently the highest they have been in the last 15 years.
-
False
8.
The most abundant air pollutant is .
-
carbon monoxide
9.
Coals the only fossil fuel that contains sulphur.
-
False
10. Which Is of greater Importance In terms of environmental Impact?
-
N02
11. Which has potential for the largest oil spills?
-
Pipeline
12. Carbon monoxide Is primarily produced in which sector?
-
Transportation
13. What compound Is produced by Incomplete combustion of fossil carbon?
-
CO
14. The layer of the atmosphere closest to the earth’s surface is called the ?
-
Troposphere
Quiz 11:
1.
Greenhouse gasses are gasses that?
-
are transparent to visible light but absorb infrared light
2.
The ratio of different types of carbon in the atmosphere tells us:
-
that the increase in atmospheric C02 is from very old sources.
3.
There are global regions which have not been affected by climate change:
-
False
4.
The Earth is warming?
-
True
5.
The last time the atmospheric co2 concentrations were as high as they are now was
-
They have never been this high in the last 400000 years.
6.
The Earth is able to reach energy balance because
-
The energy radiated away from the Earth increases as the Earth's temperature increases.
7.
The source of the increase in atmospheric C02 is
-
human activities
8.
Which of the following is not true?
-
It is unclear what has caused the increase in atmospheric C02.
9.
Energy balance means
-
That the amount of energy into a system is equal to the amount of energy leaving that system.
10. The Earth loses energy by
-
by radiating infrared light and reflecting visible light
11. Which of the following is a statement about the climate?
-
The first decade of the 1900s was colder than second half of the 1800s.
12. Today 's weather can tell us if climate change Is real
-
False
13. It Is possible to confidently measure the change In the extend of global sea Ice.
-
True
14. Greenhouse gases
-
absorb much more outgoing radiation from the Earth than incoming radiation from the sun.
15. Without humans there would be no greenhouse effect.
-
False
16. Climate change has had
-
a negative impact on some crop yields and positive on others. However, more negative than
positive.
17. Burning fossil fuels
-
Increases the amount of carbon in the atmosphere
18. In which of the following regions has food production been affected the most by climate change?
-
Central and South America
19. The last 3-4 decades have been:
-
The warmest in the last 800 years
20. Global mean sea levels have been steadily rising since 1900. This can be accounted for by:
-
Glacial mass loss and oceanic thermal expansion
Quiz 12
1.
As long as we do not increase our annual global CO2 emissions, the average global temperature is
predicted to increase by 2C or less
FALSE
2.
A stabilization wedge is
A strategy that could correspond to about 1 billion ton co2 reduction by 2050
3.
Continuing on our current path of CO2 emissions would result in mean global temperature increase by
2100 of about
5C
4.
A 5C increase in mean global temperature would result in low to moderate risk across most sectors
FALSE
5.
An increase in global mean temperature of less than 2C means no region sees an increase of temperature
greater than 2C
FALSE
6.
The most important factor in the mitigation of climate change is
REDUCTION OF CO2 EMISSIONS
7.
Predicted temperature increase is
LINEARLY CORRELATED TO CO2 CONCENTRATIONS
8.
Climate change is predicted to
REDUCE GLOBAL MARINE BIODIVERSITY
9.
Climate change related changes in precipitation are predicted to
INCREASE PRECIPITATION IN WET REGIONS
10.
Global warming is
MORE EXTREME IN THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE
11.
In order to keep average warming to less 2C
EMISSIONS IN MOST SECTORS MUST BE DRASTICALLY REDUCED
12.
A major factor in the risk of extinction of plant species is that
PLANTS CANNOT SHIFT THEIR GEOGRAPHICAL RANGES QUICKLY ENOUGH TO ADAPT TO CLIMATE CHANGE
EXTRA
MIDTERM
1.
Heat engines convert
a.
thermal energy to mechanical energy.
b.
electrical energy to thermal energy.
c.
thermal energy to electrical energy.
d.
mechanical energy to electrical energy.
Answer: a
2. There hasn't been a major mining accident in Canada since the 1970’s
a.
False
b.
True
Answer: a
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Question 35:
(1 Point)
The sun's energy is thought of as a renewable energy source because
a.
because the sun’s energy is in the form of light making it environmentally friendly.
b.
because the sun’s lifetime is very very long.
c.
we cannot capture and use all the energy from the sun.
d.
because the sun will last indefinitely.
ANSWER: B
Question 37:
(1 Point)
The amount of solar radiation hitting the Earth depends on
a.
all of the mentioned choices.
b.
the time of day.
c.
the distance from the equator.
d.
the amount of cloud cover.
e.
the season of the year.
ANSWER: A
LESSON 2
A chair is sliding across a rough horizontal floor. The chair starts with 100J of kinetic energy slows down and comes
to a stop. What happened to the kinetic energy of the chair?
a.
Kinetic energy ever only lasts for short amount of time
b.
Kinetic energy was transformed into heat due to the friction with the floor.
c.
The kinetic energy was transformed into gravitational potential energy
d.
The chair’s kinetic energy did not change
Answer: B
In an isolated system energy can be transformed from one form to another but the total energy in the system
must stay constant.
a.
True
b.
False
Answer: A
Question
4:
(1 Point)
If the total energy of a system increases this does not necessarily mean that energy was
added to the system.
a.
True
b.
False
Answer: B
Question 5:
(1 Point)
Which of the following could NOT be a unit of power?
a.
joules per second
b.
watts
c.
calories per hour
d.
joules
ANSWER: D
Question 3:
(1 Point)
The Law of Conservation of Energy
a.
is a fundamental law of physics with no known exceptions.
b.
is a possible means for extending fossil fuel use.
c.
does not apply to Earth systems.
d.
is obeyed in chemical reactions but not nuclear reactions.
ANSWER: a
LESSON 3
1. As the entropy of a system increases, the total amount of useful energy decreases.
a.
True
b.
False
Answer: A
2. In an isolated system, the entropy of the system increases over time.
a.
True
b.
False
Answer: A
7. Faraday discovered that
a.
All magnetic fields produce electric current
b.
Changing magnetic fields produce electric current
c.
You cannot produce electric current with a magnetic field
d.
Magnetic fields are always constant
Answer: B
8.The change in internal energy of a system equals the net heat transfer into the system minus the net work done
by the system. tHIS IS
a.
The first law of Thermodynamics
b.
The second law of thermodynamics
c.
Contrary to the law of conservation of energy
d.
Only true in space
Answer: A
9. Entropy never spontaneously increase
a.
True
b.
False
Answer: B
10. Currently, the best electrical power plants have efficiencies around
a.
20%
b.
40%
c.
60%
d.
80%
e.
100%
Answer: B
11. Without a temperature difference between a heat source and heat sink, it is impossible to run a heat engine.
True
False
Answer: A
LESSON 4
1.
In North America, since around 2005, natural gas consumption has
a.
Increased
b.
Plateaued
c.
Decreased
Answer: A
In North America petroleum has plateaued
2. Coal consumption in North America has increased every year for the last 80 years.
a.
True
b.
False
Answer: B
3. The map shows total energy consumption by country. Which of the following countries uses the least energy?
a.
Canada
b.
China
c.
Russia
d.
Australia
Answer: D
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4. Fossil Fuels are not a renewable resource because
a.
They are bad for the environment
b.
They take 100s millions of years to produce
c.
They are hard to extract from the Earth
d.
They cause too many emissions
Answer: B
5. In Canada what form of renewable energy is used for the most energy production?
a.
Wind
b.
Hydro
c.
Solar
d.
Biomass
Answer: B
6. Which region has the largest growth in coal consumption recently?
a.
Asia
b.
North America
c.
Europe
d.
Africa
Answer: A
7. In Canada from 2014-2040 which sector is expected to see the largest decrease in growth rate?
a.
Residential
b.
Commercial
c.
Transportation
d.
Industrial
Answer: C
8. The graph shows the total energy use split into OECD and non-OECD countries. Which countries are expected to
have a more rapid increase in energy consumption?
a.
OECD
b.
non-OECD
Answer: B
9. In the U.S about 50% of the total energy used is used in the transportation sector.
a.
True
b.
False
Answer: B
10. Energy use per person is much higher
a.
In highly developed countries
b.
In less developed countries
Answer: A
(1 Point)
How is the majority of electricity produced in Canada?
a.
Hydro
b.
Coal
c.
Uranium
d.
Solar
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Answer: A
Question 2:
(1 Point)
Per capita energy use is growing most
rapidly in
a.
Canada.
b.
U.S.
c.
China.
d.
Europe.
Answer: C
Using the Sankey diagram: Which is not a major source of
electricity generation?
a.
Crude oil
b.
Coal
c.
Uranium
d.
Hydropower
ANSWER: A
LESSON 5
Which two countries contain about half of the world’s known natural gas reserves?
a.
Russia and USA
b.
Russia and Iran
c.
Russia and Canada
d.
China and USA
Answer: B
Which fraction of the coal production in Canada is exported
a.
None
b.
50%
c.
25%
d.
75%
Answer: B
Which percentage of the oil is produced in Canada is exported
a.
70%
b.
10%
c.
50%
d.
30%
Answer: C
What percentage of crude oil production is offshore?
a.
50%
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b.
30%
c.
10%
d.
70%
Answer: B
How has the demand for natural gas changed recently?
a.
It has increased
b.
It has decreased
c.
It has not changed
Answer: A
Which of the following is NOT a factor that will prolong the amount of time that the world.s oil supply might last?
a.
New oil reserves are being discovered
b.
Technology for oil extraction is improving
c.
The world's demand for oil is decreasing
d.
Technology for oil detection is improving
Answer: C
In which hemisphere are most of the known coal reserves are found?
a.
Northern
b.
It is approximately equal
c.
Southern
Answer: A
Compared with other countries, where does Canada place in terms of proved oil reserves?
a.
Third
b.
Seventh
c.
Fifth
d.
First
Answer: A
Which of the following is an advantage of subsurface mining?
a.
It is faster
b.
There is less of a surface impact
c.
It is less expensive
d.
It is safer
Answer: B
1.
In Canada which sector uses the most natural gas?
a.
Energy industry
b.
Industrial
c.
Commercial and Institutional
d.
Generation of Electricity
e.
Residential
Answer: A
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2. Tight resources are oil and natural gas deposits that are
a.
Much deeper than conventional oil resources
b.
Difficult to access due to surface conditions
c.
Not accessible until will develop better technology for extraction
d.
Not extractable by conventional drilling methods.
Answer: D
3. Which of the following is NOT a factor that will decrease the amount of time that the world’s oil supply might
last?
a.
Most oil reserves are in decline
b.
World energy demand is increasing
c.
Demand is increasing faster than the growth of alternative energy
d.
We will not discover new oil reserves in the future
Answer: D
4. Approximately how many mining fatalities were there in the United States
a.
100
b.
100 000
c.
1000
d.
10 000
Answer: B
5. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of oil over coal
a.
Oil is more versatile
b.
Oil is easier to transport
c.
Oil is cleaner burning
d.
Oil is the most abundant fossil fuel
Answer: D
6.
There is no way humans could use up known oil supplies.
a.
False
b.
True
Answer: A
7. Per BTU energy, how does the cost of natural gas compare to the cost of electricity
a.
Electricity is about 5 times less expensive than natural gas
b.
Electricity is about 5 times more expensive than natural gas
c.
Electricity is about 2.5 times more expensive than natural gas
d.
Electricity is about 2.5times less expensive than natural gas.
Answer: C
Per BTU energy, how does the cost of natural gas compare to the cost of gasoline
a.
Gasoline is about 4 times less expensive than natural gas
b.
Gasoline is about 2 times less expensive than natural gas
c.
Gasoline is about 4 times more expensive than natural gas
d.
Gasoline is about 2 times more expensive than natural gas
Answer: D
8.
Hydraulic fracturing (or fracking) uses acids dissolved in water to breakdown the rock and release the
hydrocarbons for extraction
a.
True
b.
False
Answer: A
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9. Which of the following is a form of coal surface mining?
a.
Mountaintop removal mining
b.
They are all forms of coal surface mining
c.
Open-pit mining
d.
Strip mining
Answer: B
10. When petroleum products are refined they get separated according to
a.
Their boiling points
b.
Their densities
c.
Their colors
d.
Their viscosities
Answer: A
LESSON 6
1.
The sun’s energy is produced by
a.
Nuclear fission
b.
Burning of hydrogen
c.
Nuclear fusion
d.
Boiling of hydrogen
Answer: C
2. Starting with energy production in the sun, choose the correct forms of energy to complete the energy flow
description for an active solar system? X-Y-Z
Answer: Nuclear- Electromagnetic-Thermal
3. On a clear day about how much of the light hitting the Earth makes it to the surface?
a.
34%
b.
44%
c.
14%
d.
24%
Answer: D
4. Considering only the amount of solar energy available, in which region would it make develop solar energy
production?
a.
West Coast of British Columbia
b.
Northern Quebec
c.
The maritime provinces
d.
Southern Saskatchewan
Answer: D
5. Which of the following could be used to store the heat from passive solar heating
a.
Photovoltaic solar cells
b.
Solar panels
c.
Containers of water
d.
Reflective glass windows
Answer: C
6. Photovoltaic solar cells are:
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a.
Wafers of crystalline silicon treated with metal that absorbs solar radiation and generates
b.
Highly efficient in converting solar energy to electricity
c.
Single-celled organisms that are used to collect solar radiation, which they turn into heat
d.
Cheap to produce, but contribute to atmospheric pollution, including CO2
Answer: A
7. A flat plate collector is similar to the small solar panel in a calculator and takes the sun’s energy and turns into
useable electricity.
a.
False
b.
True
Answer: A
8. The intensity of sunlight at Mercury is greater than the intensity of sunlight at Venus because
a.
Venus is closer to the sun
b.
Mercury is larger
c.
Mercury is closer to the sun
d.
Venus is larger
Answer: C
9. A heat exchanger is a device that
a.
Transfers thermal energy from one fluid to another
b.
Is not allowed by the laws of thermodynamics
c.
Quebec hydro uses to calculate heating cost
d.
Produces heat
Answer: A
10. Why is solar energy production in Montreal less promising than other regions such as the Southwestern United
States
a.
It is much colder in Montreal
b.
The amount of solar energy (insolation) is much lower in Montreal
Answer: B
11. Starting with energy production in the sun, choose the correct forms of energy to complete the energy flow
description for an active solar system? Nuclear-X-Y-Kinetic-Z
Answer: Radiation, Thermal, potential
12. The cost of electricity produced with photovoltaics has not changed considerably over that last few decades
a.
True
b.
False
Answer: B
LESSON 7
Which of the following is not a major negative impacts of the operation of hydroelectric dams?
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a.
Loss of soil nutrients
b.
CO2 emissions
c.
Risk of downstream flooding
d.
Loss of free-flowing rivers
Answer: B
Canada is one of the top 3 countries in terms of total power produced by wind
a.
True
b.
False
Answer: b
Geothermal energy comes from both continual heat loss from the Earth’s formation and
a.
Radioactive decays
b.
Friction
c.
Tidal energy
d.
Solar energy
Answer: A
The power derived by the wind depends on
a.
V^3
b.
V^4
c.
V
d.
V^2
Answer: A
Tidal power is predictable form of energy generation
a.
False
b.
True
Answer: b
A fuel cell converts
a.
Chemical energy to thermal energy
b.
Mechanical energy into electrical energy
c.
Chemical energy into electrical energy
d.
Thermal energy into electrical energy
Answer: C
Which of the following areas in Canada has the least wind energy infrastructure?
a.
The east coast
b.
Southern Alberta
c.
The west coast
d.
Southern Ontario
Answer: C
The power output from a hydroelectric plant depends on
a.
Neither the volume nor the speed of the water
b.
The volume and the speed of the water
c.
The speed of the water only
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d.
The volume of water only
Answer: B
Which of the following is not a major concern with the use of hydrogen from energy?
a.
Storage
b.
Hydrogen is not renewable
c.
Lack of support infrastructure
d.
Cost
Answer: B
Canada generates how much of its electricity through hydro power
a.
60%
b.
40%
c.
80%
d.
20%
Answer: A
LESSON 8
(1
Point)
Per TWh of energy produced, which method of energy production has the lowest fatality rate?
a.
Nuclear
b.
Gas
c.
Coal
d.
Oil
ANSWER: A
Per TWh of energy produced, which method of energy production has by far, the highest fatality
rate?
a.
Nuclear
b.
Gas
c.
Coal
d.
Oil
ANSWER: c
Question 9:
(1 Point)
Most of the energy released in a fission reaction from uranium-235 is what type of energy
a.
Electromagnetic.
b.
Chemical.
c.
Kinetic.
d.
Nuclear.
ANSWER: C
Which country is projected to have the largest increase in nuclear energy production by 2040?
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a.
United States
b.
France
c.
Russia
d.
China
e.
Canada
Answer: D
Currently there are no large scale fusion reactors for energy generation because
a.
Nuclear fusion does not release energy
b.
With current technology more energy needs to be put in to a fusion reaction than is released
c.
Nuclear fusion has never been achieved by humans
d.
It is too dangerous
Answer: B
Which country has the highest percent of their electricity of their electricity generated through nuclear power
a.
France
b.
Canada
c.
China
d.
United states
e.
Russia
Answer : A
Currently how many long term storage facilities are there for nuclear reactor waste
a.
0
b.
29
c.
19
d.
9
Answer: a
Which of the following is not emitted after a fission reaction
a.
Gamma rays
b.
Neutrons
c.
Krypton
d.
Uranium
e.
Barium
Answer: D
To get the same amount of energy from uranium and coal, much less uranium needs to be mined because
a.
Coal is easier to extract
b.
regulations have ensured this to be true
c.
The energy density of coal is much higher
d.
The energy density of uranium is much higher
e.
Uranium is easier to extract
Answer: D
According to a Nuclear Regulatory Commission study, what is the probability that one of the 104 reactors
operating in the US will have a large incident over its 30 year lifetime?
a.
About 30%
b.
About 10%
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c.
About 50%
d.
About 1%
Answer: D
The total fraction of energy generated by nuclear power worldwide is predicted to increase by 2040
a.
True
b.
False
Answer:B
A breeder reactor is a reactor that
a.
Operates using nuclear fusion
b.
Is found most US nuclear facilities
c.
Uses a more rare form of uranium that more reactors
d.
Produce more fissionable fuel than it consumes
Answer D
The number of which type of particles needs to be regulated in order to control the chain reaction in a fission
reactor?
a.
Neutrons
b.
Gamma rays
c.
Electrons
d.
Protons
Answer: A
All the current rate of use, known uranium deposits would last approximately?
a.
100 years
b.
10000 years
c.
10 years
d.
1000 years
Answer: A
Which country has the most electricity produced through nuclear power?
a.
United states
b.
Russia
c.
Canada
d.
China
e.
France
Answer: A
It is possible under the right conditions for a nuclear reactor to explode in a manner similar to a nuclear
a.
False
b.
True
Answer: A
LESSON 9
When heat is transferred by light being emitted or absorbed, the process is called
a.
Transaction
b.
Convection
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c.
Radiation
d.
Conduction
Answer: C
When heat is transferred between two objects in contact with each other, the process is called
a.
Transaction
b.
Conduction
Answer: B
A tankless hot water heater is more than a hot water tank because
a.
THEY USE HIGH-PRESSURE WATER
b.
They take up less space
c.
It does not have a large amount of hot water gradually losing energy
d.
There are no gas fuelled hot water tanks
Answer: C
All electric heating systems do not depend on fossil fuel for energy production
a.
False
b.
True
Answer: a
A heat pump uses electricity
a.
To run a small compressor
b.
To burn fuel
c.
To generate heat
Answer: A
In Canada most of our residential energy use is consumed through
a.
Lighting and appliances
b.
Water heating
c.
Space cooling
d.
Space heating
Answer : D
If a 100W light bulb produced 3W of visible light, 60W of heat and 37W of invisible radiation, what is its
efficency?
a.
10%
b.
3%
c.
37%
d.
60%
Answer: B
Good home insulation will not be good at transferring heat
a.
True
b.
False
Answer: a
Energy efficient light bulbs are about 50% more efficient than a standard light bulb.
a.
False
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b.
True
Answer: a
The standard that certifies energy-efficient products is called
a.
GreenLite
b.
Green Star
c.
Canada energy
d.
Energy star
Answer: D
Question 10:
(1 Point)
In Canada most of our residential energy use is consumed through
a.
space cooling.
b.
water heating.
c.
lighting and appliances.
d.
space heating.
ANSWER D
LESSON 10
Which sector produced the most air pollution?
a.
Industrial process
b.
Biofuel burning
c.
Transportation
d.
Fossil Fuel burning excluding transportation
Answer: C
Almost all air pollutant emissions are currently the highest they have been in the last 15 years
a.
True
b.
False
Answer: b
The energy sector is the leading cause of sulfur oxides
a.
True
b.
False
Answer: A
The most abundant air pollutant is
a.
Particulates
b.
Nitrogen oxides
c.
Carbon monoxide
d.
Volatile organics
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Answer: C
The layer of the atmosphere closest to the Earth’s surface is called the
a.
Thermosphere
b.
Mesosphere
c.
Stratosphere
d.
Troposphere
Answer: D
The main pollutant that can contaminate water systems after coal has been burned is called
a.
Potash
b.
Coal Ash
c.
Coal silt
d.
Coal tails
Answer: B
In Canada, that number of rail and truck oil is related incidents had been fairly steady over the last 10 years
a.
False
b.
True
Answer: B
Which of the following is a primary pollutant?
a.
Sulphuric acid
b.
SO2
c.
SO3
Answer: B
Which has the potential for largest oil spills
a.
Rail
b.
Pipeline
c.
Truck
Answer: B
Coal is the only fossil fuel that contains sulfur
a.
False
b.
True
Answer: A
LESSON 11
Greenhouse gasses are gasses that
a.
absorb both visible light and infrared light.
b.
are transparent to visible light but absorb infrared light.
c.
are transparent to both visible light and infrared light.
d.
are transparent to infrared light but absorb visible l
ight.
ANSWER: B
The Earth is able to reach energy balance because
a.
the energy radiated away from the Earth decreases as the Earth’s temperature increases.
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b.
the sun’s solar cycle makes it warmer and cooler.
c.
the energy radiated away from the Earth increases as the Earth’s temperature increases.
d.
there is the same amount of energy radiated as reflected.
ANSWER: C
In the last 100 years, overall, the average distribution of marine taxonomic groups has
a.
not changed significantly.
b.
shifted toward warmer water regions.
c.
shifted toward colder water regions.
ANSWER: C
There are global regions which have not been affected by climate change.
a.
False
b.
True
ANSWER : B
The last time the atmospheric CO2 concentrations were as high as they are now was
a.
They have never been thing high in the last 400000 years
b.
About 1000 years ago
c.
About 50 years ago
d.
About 100 years ago
e.
About 10000 years ago
Answer: A
Burning fossil fuels
a.
Decreases the amount of carbon is the atmosphere
b.
Decreases the total amount of carbon on Earth
c.
Increases the total amount of carbon on Earth
d.
Increases the amount of carbon in the atmosphere
Answer: D
It is possible to confidently measure the change in the extent of global sea ice
A false
B. true
Answer: B
Climate change has had
a.
A negative impact on some crop yields and positive on others. However, more negative than positive
b.
A positive impact on all crop yields
c.
A negative impact on all crop yields
d.
A negative impacting on some crop yields and positive on others. However, more positive than
negative.
Answer: A
The ratio of different types of carbon in the atmosphere tells us
a.
Nothing about the source of atmospheric CO2
b.
That CO2 levels have increased since the 1800s
c.
That the increase in atmospheric CO2 is from very old sources
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Answer: C
Today's weather tell us if climate change is real
A.
False
B.
True
Answer: A
In the last 100 years, overall the average distribution of marine taxonomic group has
a.
Not changed significantly
b.
Shifted towards warmer eater regions
c.
Shifted toward colder water regions
Answer: C
The source of the increase in atmospheric C02 is
a.
Unclear
b.
Human activities
c.
The natural carbon cycle
Answer: B
Without humans there would be no greenhouse effects
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Answer: b
The Earth loses energy by
a.
By convection, conduction, and radiation
b.
Through the greenhouse effect
c.
By radiating infrared light and reflecting visible light
Answer: C
Global mean sea levels have been steadily rising since 1900. This can be accounted for by
a.
Data anomalies
b.
Glacial mass loss and oceanic thermal expansion
c.
Glacial mass loss and increased precipitation
d.
Oceanic expansion and increased precipitation
Answer: B
The last 3-4 decades have been
a.
The coolest in the last 800 years
b.
Successfully cooler from decade to decade
c.
The warmest in the last 800 years
d.
Experincing average temperature changes that are too small to measure accurately
Answer: C
The earth is warming
a.
It is not clear
b.
True
c.
False
Answer: B
Which of the following is a statement about the climate
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a.
In 1991 it was 35 degrees on July 30th
b.
It rained 10mm yesterday
c.
The first decade of the 1900s was colder than the second half of the 1800s
d.
It is supposed to snow next week
Answer: C
Greenhouse gases
a.
Absorb much more outgoing radiation from the earth than incoming radiation from the sun
b.
Absorb the same amount to outgoing radiation from the earth as incoming radiation from the sun
c.
Absorb much less outgoing radaition from the earth incoming from the sun.
Answer: A
“Energy balance” means
a.
Energy gets spread out evenly over the earth’s surface
b.
That no energy flows into out of a system
c.
The current average temperature of the earth is the highest its been in about 1000 years
d.
Atmospheric CO2 levels are the highest they have been in about 40000 years
Answer: D
In which of the following regions has food production been affected the most by climate change
a.
North America
b.
Central and South America
c.
Polar regions
Answer: B
LESSON 12
A 5
℃
increase in mean global temperature would result in low to moderate risk across most sectors.
a.
False
b.
True
ANSWER: A
The most important factor in the mitigation of climate change is
a.
reduction of pollution.
b.
reduction of CO
2
emissions.
c.
getting a better understanding of climate models.
d.
getting a better understanding of the greenhouse effect.
ANSWER: B
Continuing on our current path of CO
2
emissions would result in mean global temperature increase by 2100
(relative to about 1880) of about
a.
2
℃
b.
5
℃
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c.
1
℃
d.
10
℃
ANSWER: B
An increase in global mean temperature of less than 2
℃
means no region sees an increase of temperature
greater than 2
℃
.
a.
False
b.
True
ANSWER: A
The most important factor in the mitigation of climate change is
a.
reduction of pollution.
b.
getting a better understanding of climate models.
c.
reduction of CO
2
emissions.
d.
getting a better understanding of the greenhouse effect.
ANSWER: C
Climate change is predicted to
a.
Reduce global marine biodiversity
b.
Reduce the total productivity of fisheries in almost all regions
c.
Affect the productivity of fisheries uniformly over most regions
Answer: A
In order to keep average warming to less 2C
a.
Emission in most sectors must be reduced by a small amount
b.
Emissions in most sectors must be drastically reduced
c.
Emissions in most sectors must remain constant
Answer: B
Climate change related changes in precipitation are predicted to
a.
Be uniform over the most region
b.
Increase in dry regions
c.
Increase precipitation in wet regions
Answer: C
A stabilization wedge is
a.
A block of wood used to stop a door from closing
b.
A strategy that could correspond to no warming by 2050
c.
The amount of CO2 that is needed in order to have a stable temperature
d.
A strategy that could correspond to about a 1 billion ton CO2 reduction by 2050.
Answer: D
A major factor in the risk of extinction of plant species is that
a.
Plants are less resilient than animals
b.
Plants can not shift their geographical ranges quickly enough to adapt to climate change
c.
Plants are at the bottom of the food chain so impacts on themare larger
d.
Plants require heat for photosynthesis so warming is a large effect
Answer:B
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Global warming is
a.
More extreme in the Southern hemisphere
b.
More extreme in the Northern hemispehere
c.
Uniform over most regions
Answer: B
The predicted temperature increase is
a.
Not correlated to CO2 concentrations
b.
Linearly correlated to CO2 concentrations
c.
Weakly correlated to CO2 concentrations
Answer: B
EXTRA
Question 1:
(1 Point)
Energy is
a.
power.
b.
a force of nature.
c.
amount of momentum.
d.
the ability to do work.
ANSWER : D
Question 2:
(1 Point)
If you double the speed of an object how does its kinetic energy change?
a.
Stay is the same.
b.
It doubles.
c.
It triples.
d.
It quadruples.
ANSWER: D
Question 3:
(1 Point)
Which of the following could NOT be a unit of power?
a.
joules per second
b.
watts
c.
calories per hour
d.
joules
ANSWER: D
Question 4:
(1 Point)
Home appliances that produce heat tend to be low power.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER: B
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Question 5:
(1 Point)
A process that occurs spontaneously in one direction only is called
a.
reversible.
b.
irreversible.
c.
undeniable.
d.
insatiable.
ANSWER: B
Question
6:
(1 Point)
Only a small percentage of the electricity we use is produced by converting mechanical
energy into electrical energy
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER B
Question 7:
(1 Point)
Most countries depend on fossil fuels for more than 50% of their energy needs.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER A
Question 8:
(1 Point)
Energy use per person is much higher
a.
in highly developed countries.
b.
in less developed countries.
ANSWER: A
Question 9:
(1 Point)
In which hemisphere are most of the known coal reserves are found?
a.
Northern.
b.
Southern.
c.
It is approximately equal.
ANSWER: A
Question 10:
There hasn’t been a major mining accident in Canada since the 1970s
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(1 Point)
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER B
Question 11:
(1 Point)
Light intensity is
a.
the energy of the light on some area.
b.
the momentum of a light wave.
c.
the total energy of all the light captured.
d.
the power divided by the area over which the light shines.
ANSWER: A
Question
12:
(1 Point)
A flat plate collector is similar to the small solar panel in a calculator and takes the sun’s
energy and turns it into useable electricity.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER: B
Question
13:
(1 Point)
In the future with better engineering we could have propeller style windmills with
efficiencies of up to 75%
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER: B
Question 14:
(1 Point)
Canada is one of the top 3 countries in terms of total power produced by wind.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER : B
Question 15:
(1 Point)
Spent nuclear fuel has been used up and therefore is no longer radioactive.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER: B
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Question
16:
(1 Point)
The total fraction of energy generated by nuclear power worldwide is predicted to increase
by 2040.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER: B
Question 17:
(1 Point)
A good home insulation will not be good at transferring heat.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER: A
Question 18:
(1 Point)
The standard that certifies energy efficient products is called
a.
Energy Star.
b.
Green Star.
c.
Canadenergy.
d.
GreenLite.
ANSWER: A
Question 19:
(1 Point)
What compound is produced by incomplete combustion of fossil carbon?
a.
CO
2
b.
CO
c.
NO
2
d.
N
2
ANSWER: B
Question 20:
(1 Point)
Which of the following is a primary pollutant?
a.
SO
2
b.
SO
3
c.
Sulphuric acid.
ANSWER: A
Question 21:
In the last 100 years, overall, the average distribution of marine taxonomic groups has
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(1 Point)
a.
shifted toward colder water regions.
b.
shifted toward warmer water regions.
c.
not changed significantly.
ANSWER: A
Question 22:
(1 Point)
The ratio of different types of carbon in the atmosphere tells us
a.
that the increase in atmospheric CO
2
is from very old sources.
b.
that CO
2
levels have increased since the 1800s.
c.
nothing about the source of atmospheric CO
2
.
ANSWER: A
Question 23:
(1 Point)
A stabilization wedge is
a.
a strategy that could correspond to no warming by 2050.
b.
a strategy that could correspond to about a 1 billion ton CO
2
reduction by 2050.
c.
the amount of CO
2
that is needed in order to have a stable temperature.
d.
a block of wood used to stop a door from closing.
ANSWER: B
Question 24:
(1 Point)
Climate change related changes in precipitation are predicted to
a.
be uniform over most regions.
b.
increase precipitation in dry regions.
c.
increase precipitation in wet regions.
ANSWER: C
Saying the “electromagnetic spectrum” is the same as saying “visible light”
a.
True
b.
False
Answer B
If the temperature of an object increases, the thermal energy
a.
Always increases
b.
Remains constant if nothing else changes about the object
c.
Might decrease
d.
Might increase
Answer: A
A Joule is
a.
Not commonly used unit of energy in science
b.
The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree celsius
c.
The work done by a one newton force acting over one metre
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d.
The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of one pound of water by one degree
Answer : c
The suns energy reaches earth in the form of
a.
Nuclear energy
b.
Kinetic energy
c.
Thermal energy
d.
Chemical energy
e.
Electromagnetic energy
f.
Electrical energy
Answer: E
In a system with is NOT isolated the total amount of energy must stay constant
a.
True
b.
False
Answer: B
A clothes dryer consumes 2500 watts of energy. In 2 seconds how much energy does the dryer use?
a.
5000 watts
b.
2500 joules
c.
5000 joules
d.
2500 watts
Answer: C
A laser is power by a battery and is used to heat up a spot on a piece of paper. The energy flow is: Chemical ->
electrical->_______->thermal
a.
Kinetic
b.
Electromagnetic
c.
Chemical
d.
Potential
Answer; a
The change in internal energy of a system equals the net heat transfer into the system minus the net work
done by the system. This is
a.
Only true in space
b.
The first law of thermodynamics
c.
Contrary to the law of conservation of energy
d.
The second law of thermodynamics
Answer: B
Generators convert
a.
Thermal energy to mechanical energy
b.
Electrical energy to thermal energy
c.
Mechanical energy to electrical energy
d.
Thermal energy to electrical energy
Answer ; c
Which is NOT true about renewable resources that comes from the suns energy?
a.
The lifetime of the source does not depend on the rate of use
b.
They are limited only by the lifetime of the sun
c.
We are using the up faster than they are being produced
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Answer: C
Which controuties have the highest percent use of renewable energy?
a.
Low income countries
b.
High income countries
c.
Middle income countries
Answer: b
At the current rate of use the currently known coal reserves could last
a.
Thousands of years
b.
Hundreds of years
c.
Just a few years
d.
Millions of years
Answer: B
In a structural trap oil is trapped between
a.
Two layers of porous rock
b.
An upper layer of porous rock and a lower layer of non porous rock
c.
A lower layer of porous rock and an upper layer of non porous rock
d.
Two layers of non porous rock.
Answer: C
The peak of the sunlights spectrum is in the
a.
Ultraviolet
b.
Visible
c.
Infrared
Answer: b
Net metering
a.
Is only visible option if you can produce 100% or more if the energy you consume
b.
Is not available in quebec
c.
Allows you to buy electricity at a lower rate from the provider
d.
Allows you to sell (or exchange for credit) excess solar power that you have generated back to the
provider
Answer: d
If a 50W light bulb produces 3W of visible light, 30W of heat, and 17W of
invisible radiation, what is its efficiency?
6%
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From My Quizzes
The energy due to an object’s motion is called
A.
chemical energy.
B.
nuclear energy.
C.
kinetic energy.
D.
electrical energy.
E.
electromagnetic energy.
The energy carried by light is called
A.
chemical energy.
B.
thermal energy.
C.
nuclear energy.
D.
kinetic energy.
E.
electrical energy.
F.
electromagnetic energy.
Mass being converted to energy is an example of
A.
chemical energy.
B.
thermal energy.
C.
nuclear energy.
D.
electrical energy.
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E.
electromagnetic energy.
The “c” in E=mc2 refers to
A.
an electric charge.
B.
the mass of light.
C.
photons.
D.
the speed of light.
Power is
A.
the amount of energy.
B.
the rate at which energy is produced or consumed.
C.
measured in joules.
D.
not well defined in physics.
You lift a cat from the ground up to a shelf 2 metres above the ground. Which
is a description of the energy flow?
A.
Thermal energy —> Electrical energy
B.
Thermal energy —> Potential energy
C.
Kinetic energy —> Electromagnetic energy
D.
Chemical energy —> Gravitational potential energy
A ball is rolling down a hill and gaining speed. Which is true?
A.
The ball is gaining potential energy and gaining kinetic energy.
B.
The ball is gaining potential energy and losing kinetic energy.
C.
The ball is losing potential energy and gaining kinetic energy.
D.
The ball is losing potential energy and losing kinetic energy.
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Which of these does not describe electromagnetic energy.
A.
Electromagnetic energy is sometimes manifest as visible light.
B.
The earth receives electromagnetic energy from the sun.
C.
Gamma rays and radio waves are forms of electromagnetic energy.
D.
Electromagnetic energy is produced by anything that with mass.
E.
Electromagnetic energy travels in the form of waves.
Which if these is not true about entropy?
A.
The entropy of an object or system always increases.
B.
The higher the entropy of an object or system, the more disordered it will
be.
C.
Entropy is used to state the second law of thermodynamics.
D.
Entropy explains the direction of time in an isolated thermal system.
E.
If the entropy of an isolated system is not changing, then it must have
reached equilibrium.
According to Faraday's law of induction, (a changing magnetic field through a
wire coil induces an electric current through the coil), why does a rotating loop
of wire placed in a constant magnetic field produce electricity within the loop of
wire,
A.
because a constant magnetic field creates a force on the electron of the
wire and forces them to circulate within the wire.
B.
because from the perspective of the wire, the magnetic field appears to
be changing.
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C.
because from the perspective of the magnet, the electric field of the
looped wire appears to change.
D.
the electricity is produced because the rotating wire consists of
electrons which are forced to go around in circles thereby producing
electricity.
E.
None of the above
Which of these statements about the efficiency of a heat engine is not true.
A.
The efficiency depends on the temperature differences between the
heat source and heat sink.
B.
The efficiency depends on the ratio of the temperature between the heat
source and heat sink.
C.
The best efficiency possible is described by Nicholas Carnot's efficiency
equation.
D.
A 0° Kelvin heat sink would make a 100% efficient engine.
E.
The efficiency of an engine can be increased by increasing the
temperature of the engine to higher and higher degrees.
Heat engines convert
A.
mechanical energy to electrical energy.
B.
thermal energy to mechanical energy.
C.
thermal energy to electrical energy.
D.
electrical energy to thermal energy.
The measure of randomness, or disorder, of a system is called
A.
energy.
B.
entropy.
C.
entanglement.
D.
entomology.
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The change in internal energy of a system equals the net heat transfer into the system minus the net
work done by the system. This is
A.
the First Law of Thermodynamics.
B.
the Second Law of Thermodynamics.
C.
contrary to the Law of Conservation of Energy.
D.
only true in space.
A battery contains 1000 joules of energy. The maximum amount of work it can
do is 1000 joules. This is an example of
A.
the Law of Conservation of Energy.
B.
the First Law of Thermodynamics.
C.
neither the First Law of Thermodynamics nor the Law of Conservation of
Energy.
D.
both the First Law of Thermodynamics and the Law of Conservation of
Energy.
In North America, since around 2005, coal consumption has
1 / 1
A.
increased.
B.
plateaued.
C.
decreased.
In Canada from 2014-2040 which sector is expected to see the largest
decrease in growth rate?
1 / 1
A.
Residential
B.
Commercial
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C.
Transportation
D.
Industrial
Canada uses less energy per person that the U.S.
1 / 1
A.
True
B.
False
Using the Sankey diagram: Which is not a major source of electricity
generation?
*picture*
A.
Crude oil
B.
Coal
C.
Uranium
D.
Hydropower
In North America, since around 2005, oil consumption has
1 / 1
A.
increased.
B.
plateaued.
C.
decreased.
Which countries have the highest percent use of renewable energy?
1 / 1
A.
Low income countries.
B.
Middle income countries.
C.
High income countries.
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The map shows total energy consumption by country. Which of the following
countries uses the most energy?
A.
Canada
B.
China
C.
Russia
D.
Australia
The main concern for hydraulic fracturing activities is the effects on
1 / 1
A.
water and water systems.
B.
air quality.
C.
carbon dioxide levels.
D.
worker safety.
How has the demand for natural gas changed recently?
1 / 1
A.
It has increased.
B.
It has decreased.
C.
It has not changed.
What percentage of the oil produced in Canada is exported?
1 / 1
A.
10%
B.
30%
C.
50%
D.
70%
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Which two countries contain about half of the world’s known natural gas
reserves?
1 / 1
A.
Russia and Iran.
B.
Russia and U.S.A.
C.
China and U.S.A.
D.
Russia and Canada.
Per BTU of energy, how does the cost of natural gas compare to the cost of
electricity?
1 / 1
A.
Electricity is about 5 times more expensive than natural gas.
B.
Electricity is about 2.5 times more expensive than natural gas.
C.
Electricity is about 5 times less expensive than natural gas.
D.
Electricity is about 2.5 times less expensive than natural gas.
Compared with other countries, where does Canada place in terms of proved
oil reserves?
1 / 1
A.
First.
B.
Third.
C.
Fifth.
D.
Seventh.
In which hemisphere are most of the known coal reserves are found?
1 / 1
A.
Northern.
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B.
Southern.
C.
It is approximately equal.
Net metering
1 / 1
A.
Allows you to buy electricity at a lower rate from the provider
B.
Allows you to sell (or exchange for credit) excess solar power that you
have generated back to the provider.
C.
Is not available in Quebec.
D.
Is only a viable option if you can produce 100% (or more) of the energy
you consume.
Considering only the amount of solar energy available, in which region would it
make the most sense to develop solar energy production?
1 / 1
A.
West coast of British Columbia
B.
The maritime provinces
C.
Northern Quebec
D.
Southern Saskatchewan
The sun's energy is thought of as a renewable energy source because
1 / 1
A.
we cannot capture and use all the energy from the sun.
B.
because the sun’s lifetime is very very long.
C.
because the sun will last indefinitely.
D.
because the sun’s energy is in the form of light making it
environmentally friendly.
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The intensity of sunlight at Mercury is greater than the intensity of sunlight at
Venus because
1 / 1
A.
Venus is larger.
B.
Mercury is closer to the sun.
C.
Mercury is larger.
D.
Venus is closer to the sun.
On a clear day about how much of the light hitting the Earth makes it to the
surface?
1 / 1
A.
14%
B.
24%
C.
34%
D.
44%
What fraction of Canada’s 2015 electricity production was from solar energy?
1 / 1
A.
1%
B.
10%
C.
20%
D.
30%
Which of the following is not a major concern with the use of hydrogen for
energy?
1 / 1
A.
Cost.
B.
Lack of support infrastructure.
C.
Storage.
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D.
Hydrogen in not renewable.
Which of the following is not an advantage of wind generated electricity.
1 / 1
A.
There are no direct CO
2
emissions
B.
It is a non-variable steady power source.
C.
It is a renewable resource.
The most efficient windmills today have efficiencies of less than 30%.
1 / 1
A.
True
B.
False
The power derived by the wind depends on
1 / 1
A.
V
B.
V
2
C.
V
3
D.
V
4
Which of the following is not major negative impact of the operation of
hydroelectric dams?
1 / 1
A.
Loss of soil nutrients.
B.
Risk of downstream flooding.
C.
Loss of free flowing rivers.
D.
CO
2
emissions.
Which of the following is not true regarding run of river hydroelectricity
production vs. dam hydroelectricity production?
1 / 1
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A.
Run of river has less of an environmental footprint.
B.
Run of river is usually higher power production.
C.
Run of river uses less building material like concrete.
D.
Run of river does no depend on large water reservoirs.
Geothermal energy comes from both continual heat loss from the Earth’s
formation and
1 / 1
A.
radioactive decays.
B.
solar energy.
C.
tidal energy.
D.
friction.
Per TWh of energy produced, which method of energy production has, by far,
the highest fatality rate?
1 / 1
A.
Coal
B.
Oil
C.
Gas
D.
Nuclear
At the current rate of use, known uranium deposits would last approximately?
1 / 1
A.
10 years.
B.
100 years.
C.
1000 years.
D.
10000 years.
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The total fraction of energy generated by nuclear power worldwide is predicted
to increase by 2040.
1 / 1
A.
True
B.
False
Per TWh of energy produced, which method of energy production has the
lowest fatality rate?
1 / 1
A.
Coal
B.
Oil
C.
Gas
D.
Nuclear
It is possible under the right conditions for a nuclear reactor to explode in a
manner similar to a nuclear weapon.
1 / 1
A.
True
B.
False
Spent nuclear fuel has been used up and therefore is no longer radioactive.
1 / 1
A.
True
B.
False
If a 100W light bulb produces 3W of visible light, 60W of heat, and 37W of
invisible radiation, what is its efficiency?
1 / 1
A.
3%
B.
10%
C.
27%
D.
60%
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In Canada most of our residential energy use is consumed through
1 / 1
A.
space heating.
B.
water heating.
C.
space cooling.
D.
lighting and appliances.
A tankless hot water heater is more efficient than a hot water tank because
1 / 1
A.
it does not have a large amount of hot water gradually losing energy.
B.
there are no gas fuelled hot water tanks.
C.
they take up less space.
D.
they use high pressure water.
A good home insulation will not be good at transferring heat.
1 / 1
A.
True
B.
False
When heat is transferred through the macroscopic movement of fluids, the
process is called
1 / 1
A.
conduction.
B.
convection.
C.
radiation.
D.
transaction.
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When heat is transferred between two objects in contact with each other, the
process is called
1 / 1
A.
conduction.
B.
convection.
C.
radiation.
D.
transaction.
The standard that certifies energy efficient products is called
1 / 1
A.
Energy Star.
B.
Green Star.
C.
Canadenergy.
D.
GreenLite.
In Canada the number of rail and truck oil related incidents has been fairly
steady over the last 10 years or so.
1 / 1
A.
True
B.
False
2
Almost all air pollutant emissions are currently the highest they have been in
the last 15 years.
1 / 1
A.
True
B.
False
3
Which sector produces the most nitrogen oxide?
1 / 1
A.
Transportation.
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B.
Fossil fuel burning excluding transportation.
C.
Industrial proceses.
D.
Biofuel burning.
4
The last 3-4 decades have been
1 / 1
A.
the warmest in the last 800 years.
B.
the coolest in the last 800 years.
C.
experiencing average temperature changes that are too small to
measure accurately.
D.
successfully cooler from decade to decade.
5
The last time the atmospheric CO
2
concentrations were as high as they are
now was
1 / 1
A.
about 50 years ago.
B.
about 100 years ago.
C.
about 1000 years ago.
D.
about 10000 years ago.
E.
They have never been this high in the last 400000 years.
6
Today’s weather can tell us if climate change is real.
1 / 1
A.
True
B.
False
7
In the last 100 years, overall, the average distribution of marine taxonomic
groups has
1 / 1
A.
shifted toward colder water regions.
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B.
shifted toward warmer water regions.
C.
not changed significantly.
8
A stabilization wedge is
1 / 1
A.
a strategy that could correspond to no warming by 2050.
B.
a strategy that could correspond to about a 1 billion ton CO
2
reduction by
2050.
C.
the amount of CO
2
that is needed in order to have a stable temperature.
D.
a block of wood used to stop a door from closing.
9
Continuing on our current path of CO
2
emissions would result in mean global
temperature increase by 2100 (relative to about 1880) of about
1 / 1
A.
1
℃
B.
2
℃
C.
5
℃
D.
10
℃
10
In order to keep average warming to less 2
℃
1 / 1
A.
emissions in most sectors must remain constant.
B.
emission in most sectors must be reduced by a small amount.
C.
emissions in most sectors must be drastically reduced.
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The metric unit of energy is
1 / 1
A.
the BTU.
B.
the calorie.
C.
the electron volt.
D.
the Joule.
2
The sun’s energy reaches Earth in the form of
1 / 1
A.
electrical energy.
B.
thermal energy.
C.
kinetic energy.
D.
chemical energy.
E.
nuclear energy.
F.
electromagnetic energy.
3
Which of the following is closest to being an isolated system?
1 / 1
A.
A very well insulated, opaque cooler.
B.
An ice cube sitting on a table outside in the summer.
C.
An electric heater.
D.
The sun.
4
Plants need light in order to grow. They use the process of photosynthesis for
this. What is the energy transfer involved?
1 / 1
A.
Chemical —> Electromagnetic
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B.
Nuclear —> Thermal
C.
Electromagnetic —> Thermal
D.
Electromagnetic —> Chemical
5
Your little sister drops a bag of candy on your head from the roof of your
house. Right before it hits your head it is moving quickly. Which describes the
candy’s energy, from roof to head?
1 / 1
A.
The candy has lost kinetic energy and gained potential energy.
B.
The candy has not lost or gained potential energy.
C.
The candy has not lost or gained kinetic energy.
D.
The candy has lost potential energy and gained kinetic energy.
6
Heat engines convert
1 / 1
A.
thermal energy to electrical energy.
B.
mechanical energy to electrical energy.
C.
thermal energy to mechanical energy.
D.
electrical energy to thermal energy.
7
The amount of energy released per 100 grams of fuel burned in a reaction is
called
1 / 1
A.
the heat of combustion.
B.
the reaction’s efficiency.
C.
the heat of transformation.
D.
the latent heat.
8
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Heat (or energy) transfer occurs spontaneously from higher to lower
temperature bodies, but never in reverse. This is
1 / 1
A.
only true in space.
B.
the First Law of Thermodynamics.
C.
the Second Law of Thermodynamics.
D.
contrary to the Law of Conservation of Energy.
9
Using the Sankey diagram: Which is not a major source of electricity
generation?
1 / 1
A.
Coal
B.
Hydropower
C.
Crude oil
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D.
Uranium
10
Which region has the largest growth in coal consumption recently?
1 / 1
A.
North America
B.
Asia
C.
Europe
D.
Africa
11
Subsurface mining techniques are used when coal deposits are
1 / 1
A.
harder to access.
B.
of low quality.
C.
close to the surface.
D.
too delicate.
12
At the current rate of use the currently known coal reserves could last
1 / 1
A.
hundreds of years.
B.
millions of years.
C.
just a few years.
D.
thousands of years.
13
Tight resources are oil and natural gas deposits that are
1 / 1
A.
much deeper than conventional oil resources.
B.
difficult to access due to surface conditions.
C.
not extractable by conventional drilling methods.
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D.
not accessible until will develop better technology for extraction.
14
How does an electrical generator produce electricity?
1 / 1
A.
To produce electricity, an electrical generator requires a closed
conducting loop (at least one loop in a coil) and a magnetic field that
changes inside and around the loop.
B.
To produce electricity, an electrical generator requires only a closed
circuit and a magnetic.
C.
To produce electricity, an electrical generator requires a closed
conducting loop (at least one loop in a coil) and a magnetic field through
the loop.
D.
To produce electricity, an electrical generator requires many closed
conducting loops and a magnetic field going through the loop.
E.
To produce electricity, an electrical generator requires many closed
conducting loops and a magnetic field that changes inside and around
the loop.
15
Why does the sun produce so much energy?
0 / 1
A.
Because it is a very hot body that is slowly losing its energy until it
eventually it will run out of energy someday.
B.
Because of a combination of its mass, pressure, and hydrogen content.
C.
Because of its enormous size and pressure causing hydrogen to
undergo nuclear fission.
D.
Because it is burning hydrogen at a fast rate.
E.
Because the sun is essentially a large nuclear fission power plant.
16
Consider a brand-new deck of cards (a standard 52 card deck) initially
ordered with colors and numbers in sequence. Assume that the card deck is
shuffled one thousand times. Which of these statements best describes why
the next shuffle (the one thousandth and one time) will not produce a perfectly
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ordered deck of cards with the same initial ordering with colors and numbers
all in sequence?
0 / 1
A.
This will not happen because it is a law of physics. The second law of
thermodynamics states that this is impossible.
B.
If this happened, it would represent time going backwards.
C.
If this happened, it would violate the law of increase of entropy.
D.
This could happen if we input more energy into the card system.
E.
This could happen, but it is unlikely to happen especially after only 1000
shuffles.
17
Different fossil fuels formed millions of years ago under layers of sand, clay,
and other minerals depending on the combination of which of these?
1 / 1
A.
Organic matter, temperature, time, pressure conditions, and water saline
levels.
B.
Organic matter, water saline levels, time, and pressure conditions.
C.
Organic matter, temperature, water saline levels, and pressure
conditions.
D.
Organic matter, temperature, time, and pressure conditions.
E.
Organic matter, temperature, time, and water saline levels.
18
Which of these represents a general trend in energy consumption in the
world?
1 / 1
A.
The energy consumption in OECD countries is increasing more rapidly
than in non-OECD countries.
B.
OECD countries are decreasing their energy consumption.
C.
The energy consumption in non-OECD countries is increasing more
rapidly than in OECD countries.
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D.
Non-OECD countries consume the most energy in the world.
E.
OECD Countries consume the most energy in the world.
19
How was natural gas formed during the Carboniferous period?
1 / 1
A.
Natural gas was formed by the same processes as oil only it was
exposed to less heat and pressure causing it to further decompose.
B.
Natural gas was formed from small organisms like zoo plankton and
algae where temperature caused the more complex organic matter to
decompose.
C.
Natural gas was formed from ferns plants and trees which hardened due
to pressure and heat.
D.
Natural gas was formed from small organisms like zoo plankton and
algae where pressure caused the more complex organic matter to
decompose.
E.
Natural gas was formed by the same processes as oil only it was
exposed to more heat and pressure causing it to further decompose.
20
As we move into the future, we expect the growth rate of commercial,
industrial, and transportation energy use in Canada to ____
0 / 1
A.
increase slightly.
B.
decrease.
C.
increase rapidly.
D.
remain the same.
E.
generally, increase.
21
For a modern power plant that uses a natural source which burns about
10,000 watts of power, how much electrical power would likely be produced?
0 / 1
A.
About 4.3 kilojoules.
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B.
About 4 Kilowatts.
C.
About 4 kilojoules.
D.
About 4000 Kilojoules every second.
E.
About 4000 Watts every second.
22
Which of these statements best describes the following situation? A block is
placed on an inclined plane. The plane has a certain angle relative to the
ground. The block is released and slides downwards. The block stops
somewhere on the inclined plane before reaching the ground.
0 / 1
A.
The block stops when it loses all its kinetic energy.
B.
Energy moves from the inclined plane to the block as the block moves
downwards.
C.
The block slid down the plane because of the force of its weight. The
block eventually stops because it consumes all its energy.
D.
The block had some potential energy before being released. The block
stopped when all the potential energy was released.
E.
Work is done to the block as it moves downwards. The energy from the
work is absorbed by the inclined plane.
23
A 102-kilogram person climbing a ladder (upwards) perpendicular to the earth
exerts a force of 1000 Newtons. If the person climbs 1 kilometer every hour,
how much power does this person produce (the ‘X’ means times)?
1 / 1
A.
(1000 kilograms X 1 meter X 1 kilometer) per 1 second per 1 second per
1 hour.
B.
1000 Newtons X 1000 meters X 1 hour.
C.
(1000 grams X 1 meter X 1 kilometer) per 1 second per 1 second per 1
second.
D.
(1000 kilograms X 1 meter X 1 meter) per 1 hour per 1 hour per 1 hour.
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E.
(1000 kilograms X 1 meter X 1 meter) per 1 second per 1 second per 1
second.
24
How was coal formed during the Carboniferous period?
1 / 1
A.
Coal was formed by the same processes as oil only it was exposed to
more heat and pressure causing it to further decompose.
B.
Coal was formed by the same processes as oil only it was exposed to
less heat and pressure causing it to further decompose.
C.
Coal was formed from small organisms like zoo plankton and algae
where pressure caused the more complex organic matter to
decompose.
D.
Coal was formed from small organisms like zoo plankton and algae
where temperature caused the more complex organic matter to
decompose.
E.
Coal was formed from ferns plants and trees which hardened due to
pressure and heat.
25
Which of these statements about ‘overburden’ is not true?
1 / 1
A.
Overburden is present in mountain top removal coal mining.
B.
Overburden is present in strip coal mining.
C.
Overburden is present in surface coal mining.
D.
Overburden is present in open pit coal mining.
E.
Overburden is present in subsurface coal mining.
26
Which of these best describes the energy consumption in the world?
1 / 1
A.
Energy consumption increases in with poverty.
B.
Energy consumption increases in hotter regions of the world.
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C.
Most of the world’s energy is used by 50% of the world’s population.
D.
Energy consumption increases in colder regions of the world.
E.
Most of the world’s energy is used by 20% of the world’s population.
27
How was oil formed during the Carboniferous period?
1 / 1
A.
Oil was formed by the same processes as oil only it was exposed to less
heat and pressure causing it to further decompose.
B.
Oil was formed from small organisms like zoo plankton and algae where
pressure caused the more complex organic matter to decompose.
C.
Oil was formed by the same processes as coal only it was exposed to
more heat and pressure causing it to further decompose.
D.
Oil was formed from small organisms like zoo plankton and algae where
temperature caused the more complex organic matter to decompose.
E.
Oil was formed from ferns plants and trees which hardened due to
pressure and heat.
28
The part of an oil drilling rig is responsible for breaking the rock as the drill
penetrates the ground is called ____
1 / 1
A.
the tri-cone.
B.
the injection head.
C.
the quagmire.
D.
the core sampler.
E.
the derrick.
29
Which of these statements about clean energy in not true?
1 / 1
A.
Nuclear energy is not considered a clean form of energy because it
produces radioactive materials.
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B.
Clean energy includes hydropower and geothermal energy.
C.
Clean energy is non-carbohydrate energy that does not produce carbon
dioxide when generated.
D.
Solar power is a form of clean energy.
E.
Clean energy is energy which does not produce harmful by-products.
30
When were fossils fuels formed on earth?
1 / 1
A.
During the age of the dinosaurs.
B.
Just before the dinosaurs.
C.
During the Cambrian period.
D.
Just before the Cambrian period.
E.
Around the time of the earliest known humans.
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[References]
Use the References to access important values if needed for this question.
8A
1A
H 2A
4A 5A 6A 7A He
3A
Be
BCNOF Ne
Mg
1B 28 A1 Si PS CI Ar
3B
4B
5B
68 7E
E 8B
K Ca Sc Tiv Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
Cs Ba La Hr Ta
Hg TI Pb Bi Po At Rn
Fr Ra Ac RT Ha
et
Er Tm Yb Lu
ot
Fm Md No Lr
ot
(1) What is the name of the element with a valence electron configuration of 3s2?
(2) What is the name of the element with a valence electron configuration of 4s²4p2?
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