kinetic Lab Report 5 June 2023

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Jan 9, 2024

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5 June 2023 Class Period 6 Name of partner(s): Kinetics Lab Unit 16: Factors that affect Reaction Rate Abstract: The purpose of this experiment is to identify the factors that affect chemical reaction rates between hydrochloric acid and calcium carbonate. In this experiment, the overall procedure will show the effect of surface area, temperature, concentration, and use of a catalyst on the rate of a reaction. The major results of this experiment showed that increase temperatures made faster reactions and also decreased temperatures slowed it down. The conclusion drawn from this experiment is that reaction rates are affected or controlled by the chemicals added to the reactant or product over time. Purpose: In this laboratory experiment the objective was to determine if reaction rates could have different chemical reaction times by adding a catalyst such as potassium iodide to speed up the reaction rate of marble chips ( chunks of CaCO 3 ) at room and cold temperatures. It’s important to understand the technique used to study the three parts of collision theory that are the reacting particles colliding with enough energy to break bonds so new ones can form after some time.
Procedure: Part A: The effect of Surface Area on the Rate of a Reaction Exactly 1.00 gram of marble chips (chunks of CaCO 3 ) were used. 20 mL of room temperature 1.0 M HCI were dispensed in a 50 mL beaker. The thermometer probe was kept upright at all times in a beaker. The marble chips were placed into the beaker containing the 20 mL of room temperature 1.0 M HCI and used a stop watch to record the reaction time. The timer was stopped when there was no more reaction produced. Part B: The Effect of Temperature on the Rate of a Reaction The temperature of the 20 mL of room temperature 1.0 M HCI was recorded as it was placed in a 50 mL beaker. Exactly 1.00 gram of powdered CaCO 3 was used. CaCO 3 powder was placed into the 20 mL of room temperature 1.0 M HCI and the reaction time was recorded using a stopwatch. The timer was stopped when there was no more Materials: Small Flask 50 ml Beaker Small Graduated Cylinder Cold 1.0 M HCI 3 mL of the Catalyst, Potassium Iodide 3 Drops of Food Coloring 5 mL of Soap 20 mL of Room Temperature 1.0 M HCI 20 mL of 3.0 M HCI 10 mL of 30% Hydrogen Peroxide (H2H2) 1 Stop Watch 4 Grams of Marble Chips (Chunks of CaCO 3 ) Thermometer Probe
reaction produced. The reaction time was recorded. Steps above were repeated using cold 1.0 M HCI in an ice bath in a fume hood instead of room temperature 1.0 M HCI. Part C: The Effect of Concentration on the Rate of a Reaction 20 mL of 3.0 M HCI were measured into a 50 mL beaker. Exactly 1.00 gram of powdered CaCO 3 was obtained. CaCO 3 powder was placed into the 20 mL of 3.0 M HCI and the reaction time was recorded using a stopwatch. The timer was stopped when there was no more reaction produced. The reaction time was recorded. Part D: The Effect of Using a Catalyst on the Rate of a Reaction About 10 mL of 30% hydrogen peroxide (H 2 H 2 ) were poured into a small flask. About 5 mL of soap were poured into the small flask. 3 drops of food coloring were added into the small flask. About 3 mL of the catalyst, potassium iodide was measured in a small graduated cylinder. 3 mL of potassium iodide (KI) were added to the flask. The observation of the reaction was recorded in the data section below. Data: Mass of CaCO 3 used: 4g Reaction Temperature (of HCI) Reaction Time (seconds) Part A: Marble chips (chunks of CaCO 3 ) in room temperature 1.0 M HCI 23.7 0 C Over 600 seconds Part B, Reaction 1: Powdered CaCO 3 in room temperature 1.0 M HCI 22.4 0 C 21.98 seconds Part B, Reaction 2: Powdered CaCO 3 in cold 1.0 M HCI 7.6 0 C 1153.76 seconds
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Part C: Powdered CaCO 3 in room temperature 3.0 M HCI 23.1 0 C 18.12 seconds Part D Observations: The Flask Started to Foam a Large Green Amount and then Started to Fizz Back Down to Normal Analysis: As a result of this experiment, the chemical reaction rate was affected by temperature, surface, concentration, and the catalysts added to the chemical compound calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ). It can be concluded that the rate reaction increased or decreased based on how much compound was added, and the environment in which the experiment was conducted. It showed that in part A CaCO 3 in room temperature, the reaction time was over 600 seconds as recorded using a stop watch at 23.7 o C. In part B reaction 1 CaCO 3 in room temperature, the reaction time was 21.98 seconds at 22.4 o C. In part B reaction 2 CaCO 3 in cold temperature, the reaction time was 1153.76 seconds at 7.6 o C. In part C CaCO 3 in room temperature, the reaction time was 18.12 seconds at 23.1 o C. Lastly, in part D showed that the chemical formed a large green amount of foam and then fizzed back down to normal once the reaction stopped over time. 1. Catalysts: Hydrogen peroxide spontaneously decomposed very slowly over time as shown 2 H 2 O 2 (aq) 2 H 2 O(I) + O 2 (g) 2. A catalyst, potassium iodide (KI), being added to speed up the rate of this reaction was observed. Catalysts allowed reactions to occur in a different way (a different “pathway”, or steps) and in a way that required less activation energy. The
alternative pathway (mechanism) for this reaction is shown below, with I - (aq) from KI(aq) as the catalyst: Step 1: H 2 O 2 (aq) + I - (aq)--- H 2 O(I) + IO - (aq) Step 2: H 2 O 2 (aq) + IO - (aq)--- H 2 O(I) + O 2 +I - (aq) Overall Reaction: 2 H 2 O 2 (aq----2 H 2 O(I) + O 2 (g) Conclusion: In this laboratory experiment the objective was to determine if reaction rates could have different chemical reaction times by adding a catalyst such as potassium iodide to speed up the reaction rate of marble chips ( chunks of CaCO 3 ) at room and cold temperatures. The outcome or result drawn from the analysis of the experiment was that to increase the rate of a reaction, the temperature, surface, and concentration should be increased. (Powdered CaCO 3 in room temperature 3.0 M HCI. Temperature of (HCI) 23.1 o C with a reaction time of 18.12 seconds (Part C)). Also, adding a catalyst to the reaction mixture will increase the rate of the reaction. (The flask started to foam a large green amount and then started to fizz back down to normal that is when the stop time was recorded (Part D)). This had an impact on the reaction rate of the marble chunks and powdered CaCO 3 in room temperature and in cold temperature by either increasing or decreasing the chemical reaction rate.