LastName_GasLaws1 (1)

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Chemistry

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Jan 9, 2024

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The Gas Laws and Deflategate Name: Hand-In, Chem 150L Partner: See the attached rubric for more detailed information about grading. 1. (2 points) What was the relationship you found between pressure and volume? Express your answer as an equation. Use the kinetic molecular theory to explain this relationship. {Type answers here} 2. (4 points) Attach your titled pressure vs. volume graph below (showing both sets of points/curves). Boyle’s Law is often written as P 1 V 1 = P 2 V 2 , but it can also be expressed as PV = k , where k is a constant. Do your graphs fit Boyle’s Law? (A little algebra will help justify your answer.) Be sure you are clearly showing and explaining your work. {Paste graph here} {Type answer and show and explain algebra here} 3. (2 points) Can a scientific theory ever become a scientific law or vice versa? Explain your answer. {Type answer here} 4. (2 points) Diffusion (e.g., the molecules of a perfume slowly spreading out from an open bottle until they fill a room) is related to the concepts of this lab. Which can explain diffusion, a gas law or the kinetic molecular theory? Use your answer to explain why diffusion occurs. {Type answer here} 5. (6 points) a. Attach your properly formatted pressure vs. temperature graph below. Then use your trendline to predict what the pressures in the flask would have been (1) in the locker room before the game and (2) at halftime at the field temperature. {Paste graph here} {Show and briefly explain pressure calculations here} b. Based on the pressures calculated in part (a), calculate the lowest pressure that would be allowed by regulations for a football coming off the field at halftime. {Show and briefly explain calculation here} c. Compare the value found in part (b) to the average values measured (± error) by each official, and decide whether or not each of the referees’ pressure results can be explained on the basis of the lower temperature at halftime. {Show and explain comparison here}

6. (2 points) From your response to Question 5(c), make a claim (guilty or not guilty) about whether the Patriots deflated the footballs, and support your claim with specific data/evidence. Use the kinetic molecular theory to support your explanation if applicable. {Type answer here, supported with references to specific data and evidence} 7. (2 points) Discuss (don’t just list) any sources of error (uncertainty) that might have influenced your measurements or the measurements of the referees and how each would affect the results. How does each source of error influence your confidence in your claim/verdict? {Discuss sources of error and their influence on your confidence here}

Exemplary Competent Developing Inadequate 1. Relationship between pressure and volume. (2 pt) Correct relationship and correct KMT explanation. (1.5 pt) Relationship is correct, explanation is partially correct. (1 pt) One of the two is correct, one is completely incorrect or missing. (0 pt) Neither is correct. 2. P vs V graph and explanation. (4 pt) Correctly formatted graph (2 pts). Correct conclusion regarding Boyle’s Law (2 pts). (3 pt) Small errors in graph or conclusion. (2 pt) Major errors in graph or conclusion. (0 pt) Graph missing. 3. Law and Theory (2 pt) Correct answer and explanation. (1.5 pt) Minor error in reasoning. (1 pt) Correct answer, incorrect explanation. (0 pt) Incorrect or missing answer. 4. Application to Diffusion (2 pt) Correct answer and explanation. (1.5 pt) Minor error in reasoning. (1 pt) Correct answer, incorrect explanation. (0 pt) Incorrect or missing answer. 5. Agreement of student data with referees’ data. (6 pt) Correctly formatted graph (1 pt). Clear, correct calculations of lowest regulation pressure permitted at half- time (3 pts). Correct comparison of calculated lowest regulation pressure to the official measurements taking into account experimental error (2 pts). (4 pt) Minor errors in work or does not discuss agreement within error. (2 pt) Major errors in work. (0 pt) Missing graph. 6. Argument (2 pt) Clearly-stated, well- reasoned argument supported by and explained by student’s data. (1.5 pt) Claim is stated and consistent with student’s data, but the support is implied rather than clearly explained. (1 pt) A claim is made, but no reference to student’s data is made. (0 pt) Argument is completely missing or not consistent with data. 7. Error (2 pt) 2 or more sources of error are discussed. For each, its impact on the data and the confidence of the claim is correctly described. (1.5 pt) 2 or more sources of error are discussed. For each, its impact on the data and the confidence of the claim is described, but with minor errors or omissions. (1 pt) Partially correct; 1 error and its impact described well OR 2+ errors described poorly. (0 pt) No discussion of the errors. This includes cases where errors are listed with no discussion.

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