Module 8 Unit 1 Assignment A

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Fanshawe College *

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MI-JUN ACE

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Chemistry

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Jan 9, 2024

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MODULE 8 UNIT 1 Assignment Part A This assignment is to be sent to your instructor for evaluation. 1. Give examples of 5 binary acids and 5 polyatomic acids (oxyacids) NOT PROVIDED IN THE LESSON. Write both their names and formulas. 2 marks Binary Acids: Hydrofluoric acid  HF Hydroiodic acid  HI Hydroselenic acid  H 2 Se Hydrophosphoric acid  H 3 P Acetic acid  CH 3 COOH Polyatomic Acids: Perchloric acid  HCl 4 Nitrous acid  HNO 2 Carbonic acid  H 2 CO 3 Hypochlorous acid  HClO Chloric acid  HClO 3 2. Give examples of 5 bases NOT PROVIDED IN THE LESSON. Write both their names and formulas, and state their real life application, i.e., household cleaning product, industrial process of… NOTE: all bases used in the answer must have OH in their formula. The following compounds will not be approved in the answer, either by their names or formulas: sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate, or ALL other compounds without OH in their formula and hydroxide in their names. 2 marks NH 4 OH  Ammonium hydroxide. Used to regulate food acidity. Co(OH) 2  Cobalt (ii) hydroxide. Used as a drying agent in paints and varnishes. RbOH  Rubidium hydroxide. Used in electric storage batteries. Mg(OH) 2  Magnesium hydroxide. Used as a food additive, and widely used in waste-water treatment. Zn(OH) 2  Zinc hydroxide. Used in medicine as an absorbing agent. 3. Provide three similarities and three differences between acids and bases. Consider physical and chemical properties. Organize your information in a table. 2 marks Similarities between acids and bases. Differences between acids and bases. 1

Both acids and bases change the color of litmus paper. An acid changes the color from blue to red and the base changes it from red to blue Acid is the substance when dissolved in water increases the concentration of H+ ions where the base when dissolved in water increases the concentration of OH- ions. Both acids and bases tend to corrode or rust metals Acids are the proton donor where bases are the proton acceptor. Both acids and bases are electrolytes which means they are good conductors of electricity. Acids has a PH scale of less than 7 whereas bases have a PH level greater than 7. 4. Exploring properties and pH of various products. 11 marks Experiment 1: Indicating Common Domestic Chemical Products on the pH Scale Choose 10 substances soluble in water easily obtainable from household materials. NOTE: The following compounds will not be accepted in the answer in any form (name or formula) or part (i.e, use, etc): Oven Cleaner (caustic soda) Laundry detergent Cyclomethicone Dimethicone Butylated Hydroxyanisole (BHA) Sodium Benzoate Ethylene glycol hydrophilic Choose at least two from each of the following categories: a) Skin soaps or shampoos; b) Soaps, detergents, etc. used for household cleaning (try for a great variety of substances, such as commercial detergent, oven cleaner, etc.); c) Chemical substances used for cooking; d) Foods; e) Other various substances (be as imaginative as possible!). 2

Research their properties on the internet. Include references. Fill in the following table: Category Name of product Chemical name and formula of active ingredient, if available Use pH / acidic or basic Example: Cleaning product / baking Soda, baking soda Sodium bicarbonate, NaHCO ₃ Cleaning, baking 8 / basic Cleaning product/ soap/ other. Borax Sodium tetraborate decohydrate Na 2 B 4 O 7 + 10H 2 O Cleaning, stain remover, glass and pottery glazes. 10 / basic Food / chemical substance used for cooking. Sugar Sucrose C 12 H 22 O 11 Baking, Cooking 6.0 to 7.0 neutral Chemical substance used for cooking. Cream of tartar potassium bitartrate or potassium hydrogen tartrate KC 4 H 5 O 6 Cleaning and cooking ingredient. 3.557 acidic Skin soaps/ shampoos Bar soap Sodium hydroxide NaOH Washing hands and body. 8- 10 Basic Skin soaps / shampoos Liquid soap Potassium hydroxide. KOH Washing hands and body 9-11 Basic Chemical substance used for cooking. Vinegar Acetic acid C 2 H 4 O 2 Flavour foods, cooking, cleaning food, and cleaning in general. 2.2 Acidic Other Paper Cellulose fibre C 6 HO 5 Used for writing on, or drawing. Unknown 3

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Other Aspirin Acetylsalicylic acid Medicine to treat pain. 2-3 Acidic Food Potato Solanum tuberosum For cooking and eating. 5.1- 5.9 Mildly acidic / neutral Household cleaning supplies Clorax Sodium hypoclorite Cleaner, disinfectant 11-13 Basic Once you complete the table, organize your substances along the pH scale, similarly to the scales provided in the lesson. Write three concluding sentences, for example, “All fruits I chose had low pH; they are acidic.” Mention one substance for which you’ve been unable to find the pH. Explain why you had problems with finding it. A lot of the household items I chose have are high acidic. A lot of the food and cooking items I chose are low acidic. I could not find papers ph level at all and I believe that it doesn’t have an acidic property because of the material it is made of. 17 marks Submission Instructions 4

Submit your assignment using the drop box on the Assignment page for this unit. Remember to include references. References: Andrews, L.S., Godshall, M.A. and Moore, S. (2002), Sucrose Degradation Under Model Processing Conditions. Journal of Food Science, 67: 1621- 1624. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2002.tb08694.x Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2023, August 29). borax. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/science/borax-chemical-compound Fanshawe College. (2023) ‘’ module 8 unit 1 presentation” retrieved from https://olmoodle.ontariolearn.com/mod/scorm/player.php? a=8786¤torg=articulate_rise&scoid=17782&sesskey=GAwRwgZc31&displ ay=popup&mode=normal Harper, B.; Gervais, J. A.; Buhl, K.; Stone, D. 2012. Boric Acid Technical Fact Sheet ; National Pesticide Information Center, Oregon State University Extension Services. http://npic.orst.edu/factsheets/archive/borictech.h tml . Helmenstine, Anne. (October 15, 2023) “The ph scale of common chemicals” retrieved from https://sciencenotes.org/the-ph-scale-of-common-chemicals/ Helmenstine, Anne. (November 27, 2021) “cream of tartar, what it is and how to substitute it” retrieved from https://sciencenotes.org/cream-of-tartar-what-it-is- and-how-to-substitute/#:~:text=Cream%20of%20tartar%20is%20the,potassium %20salt%20of%20tartaric%20acid . Indian J Dermatol. 2014 Sep-Oct; 59(5): 442–444. doi: 10.4103/0019-5154.139861 Noahchemicals.com (December 22, 2021) “chemicals to make soap and detergents” retrieved from https://noahchemicals.com/blog/chemicals-used-to- make-soap-and-detergent/#:~:text=Sodium%20hydroxide%20(lye)%20is %20used,dirt%2C%20grease%2C%20and%20grime . 5

National Center for Biotechnology Information (2023). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 2244, Aspirin. Retrieved December 14, 2023 from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Aspirin National Center for Biotechnology Information (2023). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 62393, Rubidium hydroxide. Retrieved December 14, 2023 from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Rubidium-hydroxide . National Center for Biotechnology Information (2023). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 14923, Ammonium Hydroxide. Retrieved December 14, 2023 from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Ammonium- Hydroxide . Tarun, J., Susan, J., Suria, J., Susan, V. J., & Criton, S. (2014). Evaluation of pH of Bathing Soaps and Shampoos for Skin and Hair Care. Indian journal of dermatology , 59 (5), 442–444. https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5154.139861 6

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