seed toxicity testing
pdf
keyboard_arrow_up
School
Pikes Peak Community College *
*We aren’t endorsed by this school
Course
112
Subject
Chemistry
Date
Apr 3, 2024
Type
Pages
7
Uploaded by KidFinchPerson153
Seed Toxicity Testing
Question
: What is the impact of a Starbucks dragon fruit refresher on radish seeds germinating?
Independent Variables
: the concentration of the Starbucks Mango Dragon Fruit Refresher:
6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50%, 100%.
Dependent Variable
: Amount of radish seeds that display physical signs of germination.
Materials
:
-
Paper towels
-
Plastic bags
-
Radish seeds
-
Starbucks Mango Dragon Fruit refresher
-
Distilled water
-
Marker
-
Graduated Cylinder
-
Beaker
-
Pipettes
Procedure:
1.
Calculate the amount of the Starbucks Mango Dragon Fruit Refresher needed for each of
the different concentrations: 6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50%, 100%. Make sure the total
amount of the liquid is 50 ml.
2.
Label the plastic bags with the concentrations: 6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50%, 100%, and
control
3.
Measure 50ml of dragon fruit refresher for each concentration.
●
For 6.25%, mix 3.13 ml of refresher with 46.87 ml of water.
●
For 12.5%, mix 6.25 ml of refresher with 43.75 ml of water.
●
For 25%, mix 12.5 ml of refresher with 37.5 ml of water.
●
For 50%, mix 25 ml of refresher with 25 ml of water.
●
For 100%, use 50 ml of pure refresher without dilution.
●
For control use 50 ml of water.
4.
Place 6 radish seeds onto each sheet of paper towel. Wrap the seeds in the paper towel to
create seed packets. * You might want to wrap the seeds twice to ensure the dampness of
the liquid.
5.
Place each seed packet into the corresponding labeled plastic bag, and then pour the
designated solution (6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50%, 100%) into the respective bags, ensuring
the paper towel is soaked but not overly saturated.
6.
Seal the bags tightly, removing excess air. Make sure to place the bags in a well-lit area.
7.
Check the bags daily for any changes in seed germination and growth, and record the
number of radish seeds germinated every day.
Calculations for Solutions:
Data:
Starbucks Refresher:
control
6.25%
12.5%
25%
50%
100%
Day 1
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
Day 2
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
Day 3
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Day 4
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Day 5
83.3%
50%
16.6%
50%
16.6%
0%
Day 6
100%
66.6%
33.3%
66%
33.3%
0%
Day 7
100%
66.6%
50%
83.3%
33.3%
0%
control
6.25%
12.5%
25%
50%
100%
Day 1
0/6
0/6
0/6
0/6
0/6
0/6
Day 2
0/6
0/6
0/6
0/6
0/6
0/6
Day 3
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Day 4
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Day 5
5/6
3/6
1/6
3/6
1/6
0/6
Day 6
6/6
4/6
2/6
4/6
2/6
0/6
Day 7
6/6
4/6
3/6
5/6
2/6
0/6
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
Antifreeze:
control
6.25%
12.5%
25%
50%
100%
Day 1
83%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
Day 2
100%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
Day 3
100%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
Day 4
100%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
control
6.25%
12.5%
25%
50%
100%
Day 1
5/6
0/6
0/6
0/6
0/6
0/6
Day 2
6/6
0/6
0/6
0/6
0/6
0/6
Day 3
6/6
0/6
0/6
0/6
0/6
0/6
Day 4
6/6
0/6
0/6
0/6
0/6
0/6
Lemon Juice:
control
6.25%
12.5%
25%
50%
100%
Day 1
0/7
0/7
0/7
0/7
0/7
0/7
Day 2
6/7
0/7
0/7
0/7
0/7
0/7
Day 3
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Day 4
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Day 5
6/7
4/7
2/7
0/7
0/7
0/7
Day 6
6/7
4/7
2/7
0/7
0/7
0/7
Day 7
6/7
4/7
2/7
0/7
0/7
0/7
Analysis (Dose-response graph) [#18 – 20]
Conclusion statement:
In conclusion, the presence of a Starbucks dragon fruit refresher appears to have a discernible
impact on the sprouting of radish seeds, with a higher success rate observed in a 25%
concentration compared to any other concentration. This outcome suggests that while the
beverage might influence germination positively at lower concentrations, its effects at higher
concentrations might hinder or inhibit the sprouting process for radish seeds.
Summary paragraph (threshold value):
According to the dose-response graph for the Starbucks mango dragon fruit refresher it
displays that the number of non-germinated seeds decreases with increasing concentrations, the
relationship is not very clear since at some higher concentrations have a lower number of
non-germinated seeds than lower concentrations. At the highest concentration of 100% all the
seeds failed to germinate, meaning that the refresher inhibited the growth of the seeds. The
graph displaying the dose-response relationship for Antifreeze shows that the number of seeds
that did not germinate stayed constant throughout the time period, none of the seeds germinated
indicating that Antifreeze strongly inhibits seed germination no matter how concentrated the
solution is. The dose-response graph for lemon juice is similar to Antifreeze, since the number of
seeds that did not germinate are constant among all the concentrations, which suggests a
consistent inhibitory effect on seed germination.
For the Starbucks refresher there seems to be a threshold around 25-50 where no seeds
are failing to germinate, and future experiments within this range might help identify a more
precise threshold. The Antifreeze and the lemon juice solution data does not indicate a safe dose
since all concentrations had a significant impact on germination. Additional experiments with
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
more concentrations and trials could provide a more detailed understanding of the impact of
these substances on seed germination and help determine precise threshold doses.
An ingredient that is found in the Starbucks refresher is citric acid, a common food
additive found in fruits and drinks like this one, can sometimes aid in seed germination by
breaking down seed coats or providing a slightly acidic environment, which some seeds require
for germination. There was a very low concentration of citric acid in the refresher which might
have helped promote seed germination, but in the lemon juice concentration which has a very
high concentration of citric acid inhibit seed germination.
Related Documents
Related Questions
Post-lab question #1: Ag2CrO4 (s) + 2 Ag* (aq) + CrO42- (aq)
If the Ksp for Ag2CrO4 is 1.1 x 10-10, How many milligrams of Ag2CrO4 will dissolve
in 10.0 mL of water?
None of the above
100 mg
1.0 mg
10. mg
arrow_forward
Fill in the table
arrow_forward
What is the molarity of the three solutions ?
arrow_forward
In 1965, University of Florida assistant football coach be
concerned with his players performance. They were "tapping out"
around half-time/3rd quarter and were really struggling during
summer "hell week" to make it through a day.
very
He turned to a panel of doctors to trywand figure out what he could
do to help his players maintain their stamina in the Florida weather.
Their solution... GATORADE!
• Gatorade consists of sugar (glucose),
sodium (Na), Potassium (K) and water. All
three of these electrolytes were needed.
1. What pumps and transporters were these
physicians targeting with their
concoction?
2. Why did they need ALL THREE solutes to
benefit the players?
arrow_forward
A water quality monitoring found that local bayou contains 8.72x10-4 % (wt/wt) nitrate ion ( MW = 62.01 g/mol). Yet the EPA standard for the nitrate content in a natural water body is 1.613x10-4 M or lower. Is the mentioned bayou water in that location acceptable from the EPA standard ? List your calculation steps (Density of bayou water is 1.0 g/mL).
arrow_forward
The following table gives the concentration of norepinephrine ( mol per gram creatinine) in the urine of healthy volunteers in their early twenties. (show complete solution)
follow up question: Is there any evidence that concentration of norepinephrine differs between thesexes?
arrow_forward
If you have an empty burette in a burette clamp, in what order do you do these steps to fill the burette with liquid (either water for washing, or the titrant)?
Drag the steps below into the correct order.
Step 1:
Close the tap.
Step 2:
Step 3:
Step 4:
Step 5:
Step 6:
Step 7:
Return burette to burette clamp.
Remove burette from clamp.
Hold burette with top below eye level.
Put plastic funnel into top of burette.
Fill burette with liquid.
Remove plastic funnel.
arrow_forward
Search for Life Transfer Task 2 - Salt Substitute
The American Heart Association says that
at greater risk for high blood pressure as a result of eating salt.
According to their website, "as little as one extra gram (half a
teaspoon) of table salt could raise blood pressure as much as 5 mm
Hg" compared to people who do not have this gene (heart.org,
2021). Table salt is made from Na & Cl ions, and there may be
substitutes for it to be used in cooking that do not contain sodium.
Sodium (Na) is the damaging part of table salt.
Americans may be
Nu
Sait
TSUESTTUTE
Answer the prompts below to address the following question:
What could be a substitute for sodium in table salt?
1. Which of the following questions could help you determine which
element could be used as a substitute for sodium in table salt? (choose all that apply
A. Do some elements have the same number of valence electrons as sodium?
B. Are some elements more common on Earth than sodium?
C. Do some elements combine to form…
arrow_forward
What is the molarity of an aqueous solution that contains 0.0720
g CaH.O2 per gram of solution . The density of the solution is 1.04 g/mL
STARTING AMOUNT
ADD FACTOR
ANSWER
RESET
*( )
62.08
0.001
1.21 x 10-3
6.022 x 1023
1.04
1.12
1
1.21
4650
0.0720
1000
g solution/mL
g C2HO2
g solution
mol C2H6O2
g C:H6O2/g solution
g C2H6O2/mol
L solution
M C2H&O2
mL solution
arrow_forward
diluting a 0.40M CuSO4 stock solution with water, calculate the concentration of each of the solutions ( trials ).
Trial
Volume(mL) 0.40M CuSO4
volume(mL) Dl H20
new concentration CuSO4
1
2.0
8.0
2
4.0
6.0
3
6.0
4.0
4
8.0
2.0
5
10.0
0.0
arrow_forward
As part of this experiment you will need to determine the concentrations of Fe* and SCN ions
present in test tubes 1-9. These values can be calculated using the volumes and concentrations
provided in Tables 1 and 2 of the Equilibrium Lab - Procedure and the dilution equation (M,V1 =
M2V2).
Note: the solutions provided in the lab, and therefore the tables in the lab document, are the
compounds used to prepare the solution. You must determine the concentration of the ions based on
how these compounds díssociate in solution
Complete the following table by filling the the calculated initial concentrations of each substance. Be
sure to:
Pay attention to significant figures
• Round appropriately
Use decimal notation (not scientific)
Do not include units
Test
Initial [Fe3*] (M)
Initial [SCN'] (M)
Tube
1
3
4.
6.
7
8.
2.
arrow_forward
Can I please get all final concentrations please!
arrow_forward
16
You need to make an aqueous solution of 0.237 M cobalt(II) fluoride for an experiment in lab, using a 250 mL volumetric flask. How much solid cobalt(II)
fluoride should you add?
grams
Submit Answer
Review Topics]
[References]
Use the References to access important values if needed for this question.
Retry Entire Group
8 more group attempts remaining
Cengage Learning Cengage Technical Support
Previous
Next>
Save and Exit
arrow_forward
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
Recommended textbooks for you
Chemistry: The Molecular Science
Chemistry
ISBN:9781285199047
Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry In Focus
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305084476
Author:Tro, Nivaldo J., Neu, Don.
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Related Questions
- Post-lab question #1: Ag2CrO4 (s) + 2 Ag* (aq) + CrO42- (aq) If the Ksp for Ag2CrO4 is 1.1 x 10-10, How many milligrams of Ag2CrO4 will dissolve in 10.0 mL of water? None of the above 100 mg 1.0 mg 10. mgarrow_forwardFill in the tablearrow_forwardWhat is the molarity of the three solutions ?arrow_forward
- In 1965, University of Florida assistant football coach be concerned with his players performance. They were "tapping out" around half-time/3rd quarter and were really struggling during summer "hell week" to make it through a day. very He turned to a panel of doctors to trywand figure out what he could do to help his players maintain their stamina in the Florida weather. Their solution... GATORADE! • Gatorade consists of sugar (glucose), sodium (Na), Potassium (K) and water. All three of these electrolytes were needed. 1. What pumps and transporters were these physicians targeting with their concoction? 2. Why did they need ALL THREE solutes to benefit the players?arrow_forwardA water quality monitoring found that local bayou contains 8.72x10-4 % (wt/wt) nitrate ion ( MW = 62.01 g/mol). Yet the EPA standard for the nitrate content in a natural water body is 1.613x10-4 M or lower. Is the mentioned bayou water in that location acceptable from the EPA standard ? List your calculation steps (Density of bayou water is 1.0 g/mL).arrow_forwardThe following table gives the concentration of norepinephrine ( mol per gram creatinine) in the urine of healthy volunteers in their early twenties. (show complete solution) follow up question: Is there any evidence that concentration of norepinephrine differs between thesexes?arrow_forward
- If you have an empty burette in a burette clamp, in what order do you do these steps to fill the burette with liquid (either water for washing, or the titrant)? Drag the steps below into the correct order. Step 1: Close the tap. Step 2: Step 3: Step 4: Step 5: Step 6: Step 7: Return burette to burette clamp. Remove burette from clamp. Hold burette with top below eye level. Put plastic funnel into top of burette. Fill burette with liquid. Remove plastic funnel.arrow_forwardSearch for Life Transfer Task 2 - Salt Substitute The American Heart Association says that at greater risk for high blood pressure as a result of eating salt. According to their website, "as little as one extra gram (half a teaspoon) of table salt could raise blood pressure as much as 5 mm Hg" compared to people who do not have this gene (heart.org, 2021). Table salt is made from Na & Cl ions, and there may be substitutes for it to be used in cooking that do not contain sodium. Sodium (Na) is the damaging part of table salt. Americans may be Nu Sait TSUESTTUTE Answer the prompts below to address the following question: What could be a substitute for sodium in table salt? 1. Which of the following questions could help you determine which element could be used as a substitute for sodium in table salt? (choose all that apply A. Do some elements have the same number of valence electrons as sodium? B. Are some elements more common on Earth than sodium? C. Do some elements combine to form…arrow_forwardWhat is the molarity of an aqueous solution that contains 0.0720 g CaH.O2 per gram of solution . The density of the solution is 1.04 g/mL STARTING AMOUNT ADD FACTOR ANSWER RESET *( ) 62.08 0.001 1.21 x 10-3 6.022 x 1023 1.04 1.12 1 1.21 4650 0.0720 1000 g solution/mL g C2HO2 g solution mol C2H6O2 g C:H6O2/g solution g C2H6O2/mol L solution M C2H&O2 mL solutionarrow_forward
- diluting a 0.40M CuSO4 stock solution with water, calculate the concentration of each of the solutions ( trials ). Trial Volume(mL) 0.40M CuSO4 volume(mL) Dl H20 new concentration CuSO4 1 2.0 8.0 2 4.0 6.0 3 6.0 4.0 4 8.0 2.0 5 10.0 0.0arrow_forwardAs part of this experiment you will need to determine the concentrations of Fe* and SCN ions present in test tubes 1-9. These values can be calculated using the volumes and concentrations provided in Tables 1 and 2 of the Equilibrium Lab - Procedure and the dilution equation (M,V1 = M2V2). Note: the solutions provided in the lab, and therefore the tables in the lab document, are the compounds used to prepare the solution. You must determine the concentration of the ions based on how these compounds díssociate in solution Complete the following table by filling the the calculated initial concentrations of each substance. Be sure to: Pay attention to significant figures • Round appropriately Use decimal notation (not scientific) Do not include units Test Initial [Fe3*] (M) Initial [SCN'] (M) Tube 1 3 4. 6. 7 8. 2.arrow_forwardCan I please get all final concentrations please!arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry In FocusChemistryISBN:9781305084476Author:Tro, Nivaldo J., Neu, Don.Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: The Molecular Science
Chemistry
ISBN:9781285199047
Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry In Focus
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305084476
Author:Tro, Nivaldo J., Neu, Don.
Publisher:Cengage Learning