German_Density

docx

School

Florida Atlantic University *

*We aren’t endorsed by this school

Course

293

Subject

Chemistry

Date

Dec 6, 2023

Type

docx

Pages

Uploaded by lizzygerman23

Density Lab Elizabeth German Lab Partners: Tehya Fulcher, Otto Martinez, & Brandon Sheetz Lab preformed: 02/06/2023 1 | P a g e

I. Abstract During this laboratory experiment, varying salinity levels and water temperatures were tested to determine the water density of each solution. Both salinity and temperature change the overall density of a solution, a lower salt content and warmer temperature can cause water to become less dense. While the opposite can be said for higher salt contents and colder water temperatures as these factors cause denser water. The findings from this experiment showed that salinity had the greatest effect on water's overall density. II. Introduction Water density in the ocean has a vital role in the formation of ocean currents and generating heat as, warmer water with lower salinity levels will rise above colder water with higher salinity levels. The three main factors that can affect the density of water are pressure, salinity, and temperature. As pressure is not something that can easily be tested in a laboratory setting it was not used as a variable during the experiment while temperature and salinity were used as variables since they can be easily tested. Water on average has a density of about 1 g/cm so by altering the salinity and temperature of the water were able to alter the density level of each solution. The water density of each solution was altered by filling five 50mL beakers with deionized water and adding varying levels of salt to each beaker. Additionally, one of the beakers was placed in an ice bath to simulate colder water temperatures and another was placed on a hot plate and heated to 30°C to simulate warmer water temperatures. Each solution was then tinted a different color with food coloring to help differentiate the varying water densities. From previous knowledge of the effects of water densities, it was hypothesized that the water with the highest salinity level and cooler water temperature would have the highest density. 2 | P a g e

III. Materials & Methods Material used in this experiment includes deionized water, salt, ice, a thermometer, a 10mL pipette with a bulb, five 50mL beakers labeled 1-5, a graduated cylinder, food coloring, a stirring rod, and a hot plate. Each of the five 50 mL beakers was first filled with approximately 50 mL of deionized water. Beaker 1 had no salt added and was left at room temperature, beaker 2 had 1.0 grams of salt added and was also left at room temperature. Beakers 3, 4, & 5 contained 1.75 grams of salt keeping beaker 3 at room temperature. While beaker 4 was then cooled down in an ice bath to 0°C and beaker 5 was heated on a hot plate to 30°C. Each of the 5 samples then had food coloring added to them so they could be differentiated. The samples were then sorted by salinity levels and water temperature as a way to predict their density levels to allow the varying water densities to stack upon each other. After the sorting process, a pipette was used to simulate a trial run to determine the correct density of each sample sorting them from lowest to highest. Once there was a clear separation between each water sample in the pipette 10mL of each sample was pipetted into a graduated cylinder from least dense to densest, to create the layering effect between the samples. It was important to make sure the pipette was placed at the bottom of the graduated cylinder and dispensed slowly in order to avoid mixing between the samples. IV. Results In this experiment, it was found that beaker 4 containing 1.75 grams of salt at 0°C was the densest sample while beaker 1 containing just deionized water at room temperature was the least dense. The order of the samples from highest to lowest density was beaker 4 at 0°C and 1.75 3 | P a g e

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

grams of salt, beaker 5 at 30°C and 1.75 grams of salt, beaker 3 at room temperature and 75 grams of salt water, then beaker 2 at room temperature and 1.0 grams of salt, and finally beaker 1 with just the deionized water being the least dense. The densities of the samples were determined to be 70.1851g/cm3, 67.6659 g/cm3, 67.6265 g/cm3, 67.1664 g/cm3, 66.1010g/cm3, for beakers 4, 5, 3, 2, & 1 respectively. It was observed that salinity had a larger effect on the density of water compared to temperature. Images included at the end of the lab report provide a concise depiction of each sample and their varying densities in the stacking order. V. Discussion In this experiment, we were able to see how different factors can change the density of water. After doing small tests between the different samples a prediction of the order of densities was able to be made. The prediction that was hypothesized ended up being correct with that order with beaker 5 at 0°C 1.75 grams of salt water being the densest, followed by beaker 4 at room temperature and 1.75 grams of salt water, then beaker 3 the 30°C 1.75gram salt water, next beaker 2 with 1.0 grams of salt water and finally beaker 1 with just the deionized water being the least dense. Pictured below you can see how the varying samples can be stacked upon one another due to their density differences. Our group did not experience any trouble while laying the samples because we ensure the temperature samples were kept at their designated temperature until it came time to use them. After gathering the mass of each sample and calculating the densities, the densities that were calculated all aligned with the predicted ones with the exception of beaker 4 having a lower density than beaker 3. This can occur on occasions as the peek density for water is at 4°C and beaker 4 was lowered to a temperature of 0°C. The overall density differences did not have a large range as the difference between the highest and 4 | P a g e

lowest densities was 0.03244 g/cm. The samples were relatively easy to stack in both the pipette and the graduated cylinder however they were easier to stack in the pipet because, in the graduated cylinder, you had to put the samples in by sticking the pipet all the way to the bottom graduated cylinder and releasing it slowly. Releasing the sample too quickly or when the pipette has not yet reached the bottom can cause mixing between the samples and would result in the experiment having to be repeated. 5 | P a g e

Figure 1: Experimental setup 6 | P a g e

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

Related Documents

Thermite demo CER 2022 Prachi Patel.pdf

Biochem Postlab 2.docx

Reaction Coordinate Diagrams & Catalysts Prachi Patel.docx

Surfactants + COVID 2022 Prachi Patel.docx

carbs and lipids handout Spring 22 (1).docx

German_ANC.docx

German_phosphate&phytoplankton.docx

AB541_Unit9_StudyGuide.docx

Reading Check_Unit5 (1).docx

Reading Check_Unit10.docx

Lab Report Melting Points of Organic Acids Template 1.docx

Lab 8 11600 lab manual_CH 6_Acid-Base Equilibria_2019-2020.pdf

Recommended textbooks for you

Chemistry: The Molecular Science

Chemistry

ISBN:9781285199047

Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski

Publisher:Cengage Learning

Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity

Chemistry

ISBN:9781337399074

Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel

Publisher:Cengage Learning

EBK A SMALL SCALE APPROACH TO ORGANIC L

Chemistry

ISBN:9781305446021

Author:Lampman

Publisher:CENGAGE LEARNING - CONSIGNMENT

Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity

Chemistry

ISBN:9781133949640

Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel

Publisher:Cengage Learning

Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation

Chemistry

ISBN:9781337399425

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Cengage Learning

Chemistry

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Cengage Learning

SEE MORE TEXTBOOKS

Recommended textbooks for you

Chemistry: The Molecular Science
Chemistry
ISBN:9781285199047
Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Chemistry
ISBN:9781337399074
Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher:Cengage Learning
EBK A SMALL SCALE APPROACH TO ORGANIC L
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305446021
Author:Lampman
Publisher:CENGAGE LEARNING - CONSIGNMENT
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Chemistry
ISBN:9781133949640
Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation
Chemistry
ISBN:9781337399425
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Cengage Learning