CHEM HONOR WK8

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University of Michigan *

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210

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Chemistry

Date

Feb 20, 2024

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docx

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3

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Part 1 Essay Scientific knowledge is what people gained through scientific processes such as data collection and experiments. Knowledge, on the other hand, has a broader meaning and refers to the information, skills and understanding acquired through multiple ways including experiences and education. There are a few traits that make scientific knowledge outstanding in all aspects of knowledge—mutability, durability and stimulating effects. To start with, scientists for all the long run in the history, are trying to use existing rules to explain the data or phenomenon that were observed. Due to the advancement of scientific equipment, they inevitably find something that can not be explained by any existing theory, thus they are forced to figure out the new ones or correct the wrong ones. It’s also likely that the theory scientists carrying out is incomplete to answer the question they have. That’s the reason why scientific knowledge is unpredictable and mutable because any discovery can overturn the scientific knowledge people already had. Ever since scientific knowledge has its mutability, the durability is not difficult to think of. The exploration of scientific knowledge never ends since scientists are not capable to tell whether the theories they find out are 100 percent right and complete which is mostly not likely in the history of science. Therefore, scientists will not stop their steps to explore the unknowns and revise the knowns. The unpredictability and long-lasting of scientific research can be an incentive for scientists and increase their desire to make further exploration. Based on the experience of Avi Loeb, an astronomical scientist, “the more knowledge we have, the more we want to learn”. The “knowledge” is not going to be any knowledge just like the common senses, but true scientific knowledge gained through scientific processes with curiosity, circumspection and preciseness. What’s more, not all knowledge can give scientists the freedom and courage to say “I don’t know” directly. Only the mutability and durability of scientific knowledge give them the privilege to do so and those are what makes the knowledge “scientific”.
Reference Loeb, A. Why the Pursuit of Scientific Knowledge Will Never End. Scientific American . [Online] 2020. https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/why-the-pursuit-of-scientific- knowledge-will-never-end/ National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Policy and Global Affairs; Committee on Science, Engineering, Medicine, and Public Policy; Board on Research Data and Information; Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences; Committee on Applied and Theoretical Statistics; Board on Mathematical Sciences and Analytics; Division on Earth and Life Studies; Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board; Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education; Committee on National Statistics; Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences; Committee on Reproducibility and Replicability in Science. Reproducibility and Replicability in Science. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2019 May 7. 2, Scientific Methods and Knowledge. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK547541/
Part 2 EQE-B p490 (c)(d) Background topics: 1. Newman projections for staggered conformations and gauche interactions. 2. A few factors influence the stability of different staggered conformations. Steric—group sizes Charge/charge relationship (attraction or repulsion) Hydrogen bonding 1,3-diaxial 3. The factors influence the energy differences—similar to the stability—higher the energy, lower the stability. General strategy: 1. Use 3D models to help draw out the staggered conformations. 2. Analyze every conformation, figure out the possible factors affecting the stability —gauche interactions, charge/charge, hydrogen bonding, etc. 3. Analyze if there is any factor influencing the gauche interactions, otherwise just follow the information given in the question. Part 3 Exam Check-in I think the very last question in the exam is pretty interesting for me and it shares the similar way of solution as the one in our Assignment 7 about decalin. It provides a new idea about how to draw conformations and solve questions where more than one cyclohexane are connected together. We can choose a cyclohexane to make the chair conformation and make the rest part as either an axial or equatorial site on the conformation. Thus, it will become easier to figure out which conformation is more stable. I can say it’s definitely easier than imagining the 3D structure of a few connected rings. Plus, for this question, I have drawn out all three possible conformations since one of the conformations represented by the connectivity is meso.
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