Week 2 Postlab report(1) (1)

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Johnson and Wales University *

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MISC

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Chemistry

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Feb 20, 2024

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docx

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Experiment 2 Post-lab report This report is to be completed and uploaded individually. All answers submitted for a grade must be in your own words and reflect your understanding of the material. Name: Directions: You must type out your answers. Proper subscripting, superscripting and capitalization is expected. Answer questions in complete sentences. You may insert pictures of your calculations (written by hand) or type out the calculation using Word’s equation editor feature. Remember to fully explain all of your answers. I do not interpret what you intended to say. You are graded based on the correctness of the answers you write. You must show your work to earn credit for all calculations. You must upload the document (in .doc, .docx, .rtf, or .pdf) format when completed. All pictures must be legible and oriented properly to earn credit. Do not provide a link to the document, even in a JWU shared folder. You must upload the actual Word document. It is due at 8 a.m. 1 week from today (when our next experiment begins.. 1. For each experiment, type out the data you recorded in lab. Complete the calculations for all rows as required. Data Table 1: Density of a Penny by Displacement Line Pre-1982 Pennies Post-1982 Pennies A. Mass of Pennies (g) B. Volume of Water with Pennies (mL) C. Initial Volume of Water (mL) D. Volume of Pennies (cm 3 ) Show your set-up and work, not just the answer. E. Density of Pennies (g/cm 3 ) You must show your work to get credit.
Data Table 2. Density of marbles by displacement Line Data using 5 Marbles Data using 8 marbles A. Mass of Marbles (g) B. Volume of Water and Marbles (mL) C. Initial Volume of Water (mL) D. Volume of Marbles (cm 3 ) Show your set-up and work, not just the answer. E. Density of Marbles (g/cm 3 ) You must show your work to get credit. Data Table 3: Density of Water Using a Volumetric Flask Line A. Mass of Volumetric Flask with Water (g) B. Mass of empty Volumetric Flask (g) C. Mass of Water (g) You must show your work to get credit. D. Density of Water (g/cm 3 ) You must show your work to get credit.
Data Table 4. Density of isopropyl alcohol using volumetric pipets Line “10 mL” “25 mL” A. Mass of beaker + isopropyl alcohol (g) B. Mass of empty beaker (g) C. Mass of isopropyl alcohol (g) You must show your work to get credit. D. Density of Isopropyl Alcohol (g/cm 3 ) You must show your work to get credit. 2. In the experiment you determined the mass of a stack of twenty pennies, the volume of a stack of twenty pennies and the density of a stack of twenty pennies. (a) Using the “pre-1982” penny data, what is the average mass, average volume and average density of a single penny? Show your work. (Hint: When you use average mass/average volume, you get average density.) (b) How does the average density compare to the density calculated in row E of Table 1? Explain why the two densities are related in this way.
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3. The known density of water is about 1.00 g/mL at 25 ° C. (a) Calculate the percent error associated between your value and the known value. In order to calculate the value, use the equation: percent error = | known value experimental value known value | x 100% (b) What do you think is the cause of this percent error? Explain 4. The known density of isopropyl alcohol is about 0.875 g/mL at 25 ° C. (a) Using the equation from the previous problem, calculate the percent error associated between your “10 mL” value and the known value. (b) Calculate the percent error between your “25 mL” value and the known value.
(c) Which of your two samples produced more accurate results? Why do you think that is? Fully explain your answer. Consider if the error in a measurement is a smaller percentage of the total volume for a larger or smaller amount of alcohol. 5. There should be a difference in density between the pre-1982 pennies and the post-1982 pennies. In 1982, they changed the composition of pennies due to cost. The two components found in pennies are copper and zinc. Copper has a density of 8.96 g/cm 3 . Zinc has a density of 7.04 g/cm 3 . Based on your calculated densities, do you think there is more copper or zinc in a pre-1982 penny? Which is there more of in a post-1982 penny, copper or zinc? Fully justify your answers. 6. Is the density value dependent on the number of marbles (within experimental error)? Explain why or why not. 7. In the movie, "Raiders of the Lost Ark", Indiana Jones takes a gold idol from a cave. The statue is resting on a table which is rigged with a weight sensor. The weight sensor can detect when the weight is removed and will set off a series of unfortunate accidents. To prevent this from happening, Indiana replaces the gold idol with a bag of sand.  The volume of the gold idol is approximately 1.65 L. The density of gold is 19.3 g/mL and the density of sand is 1.5 g/mL. (a) Assuming the idol is pure gold, what volume would the bag of sand have to be in order to weigh exactly the same as the idol and not set off the booby-traps? Show your work.
(b) Let’s assume that Indiana is successful in removing the idol and returning it to his laboratory. He decides to determine if it is really pure gold. He weighs the idol and measures the volume by a water displacement method. The results are:  mass = 17.4 kg and volume of water displaced = 846 mL. Is the idol made of pure gold? Explain your answer based on the experimental results. Show all necessary calculations to make your determination 8. Suppose you are measuring the volume of a volatile liquid ( i.e. one that evaporates easily). If some of the liquid evaporates between the time the liquid is massed and when the volume was measured, will the reported density of the liquid be too high, too low, or unaffected? Explain your answer. 9. Pumice is volcanic rock that contains many trapped air bubbles. A 168 gram sample occupied 146.6 mL. (a) What is the density of pumice? Show your work. (b) Will pumice float on water? Fully explain your answer.
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10. Write a step by step procedure to determine the density of a wood block. (Caution: wood floats in water.) 11. What were the major experimental sources of error? Never give the answer “human error”. Give at least 2 specific errors that were possible in this experiment. Be specific and base the answer on what you actually did. 12. Consider MASS, VOLUME, and DENSITY. a) Which are extensive, and which are intensive properties? b) Which property is the most useful in helping to identify unknowns and why? Explain 13. A group of students determine the density of a sample of liquid ethylene glycol. Each student uses a graduated cylinder to obtain the ethylene glycol volume and a balance to obtain the ethylene glycol mass. Their density values are shown in the table below. a) Determine the average density in this density data set. Show your work. b) During the second part of the laboratory activity, the students decide to determine the density of ethylene glycol using a beaker. The results are displayed in the graph to the right, along
with those obtained using the graduated cylinder. Which glassware yielded the more precise measurements? Explain.