Activity B1- Lab Report - Emely Ramirez

pdf

School

California State University, Fullerton *

*We aren’t endorsed by this school

Course

120A

Subject

Chemistry

Date

Feb 20, 2024

Type

pdf

Pages

Uploaded by Emely797979

Ramirez, Emely Tung Nguyen Last Name, First Name Lab Instructor 09/26/2002 8/30 and 9/13/22 2:30 pm Date Lab Day Lab Start Time Activity B1: PCC-SI Properties and Interactions of Chemical Substances Lab Report Guidelines Table 1. Number of Data Sets Collected for each Substance Potassium Chloride Potassium Chlorate Step 1: Describe Physical Properties 62 66 Step 2: Heat Substances 34 38 Step 3: Interact Substances with Water 33 26 Table 2. Potassium Chloride Data from Step 2 Mass of Substance before Heating (±0.0001 g) Mass of Residue after Last Heat (±0.0001 g) Change in Mass upon Heating (g) 1.2217 +/- 0.0001 g + 0.0001g is 1.2218 g -0.0001g is 1.2216 g 1.2197+/- 0.0001 g +0.0001 g is 1.2198 g -0.0001 g is 1.2196 g 0.002g Table 3. Change in Mass of Potassium Chloride from Step 2 Mass of Substance before Heating (±0.0001 g) Mass of Residue after Last Heat (±0.0001 g) Percent Change in Mass upon Heating

1.2217 +/- 0.0001 g + 0.0001g is 1.2218 g -0.0001g is 1.2216 g 1.2197+/- 0.0001 g +0.0001 g is 1.2198 g -0.0001 g is 1.2196 g % Change in Mass on Heating = ( 1.2217 – 1.2197) / (1.2217) * 100 = 0.1637 OR 16.37% Change in Mass on Heating Table 4 Formula for Percent Change in Mass Upon Heating A B C D E 1 Substance Name Mass of Substance Before Heating (g) Mass of Residue After Last Heat (g) Change in Mass upon Heating (g) Percent Change in Mass upon Heating 2 Potassium Chloride 0.33 0.32 =B2-C2 =D2/B2*100 3 Potassium Chloride 0.34 0.33 =B3-C3 D3/B3*100 A B C D E F 1 Substance Name Substance Type Mass of Substance (g) Initial Temp of Water (C) Final Temp of Solution (C) Temp Change of Solution (C) 2 Potassium Chloride Original Substanc e 0.44 24 21 =(formula) Table 5 Formula for Temperature Change of Solution Temp Change of Solution (C)

Formula in cell F2 Final Temp. of Solution – Initial Temperature of Water = Tem. Change of Solution Table 6. Solubility Frequency for Potassium Chloride, KCl Solubility Level Original Substance Residue After Heating Soluble 11 16 Nearly Soluble 2 1 Somewhat Soluble 0 1 Insoluble 1 1 Table 7. Solubility Frequency for Potassium Chlorate, KClO 3 Solubility Level Original Substance Residue After Heating Soluble 2 7 Nearly Soluble 1 3 Somewhat Soluble 3 2 Insoluble 6 2 Table 8. Average Percent Change in Mass upon Heating Potassium Chloride, KCl Potassium Chlorate, KClO 3 Average Percent Change in Mass upon Heating 1.035115493 40.56362887 Table 9 Sorting Criteria for Step 3

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

1st sorting criterion Substance Name, Substance Type, Mass of Substance, Initial Temp of Water, Final Temp of Solution, Temp Change of Solution, Solubility, Temperature Change/Mass, None 2nd sorting criterion Substance Name, Substance Type, Mass of Substance, Initial Temp of Water, Final Temp of Solution, Temp Change of Solution, Solubility, Temperature Change/Mass, None 3rd sorting criterion Substance Name, Substance Type, Mass of Substance, Initial Temp of Water, Final Temp of Solution, Temp Change of Solution, Solubility, Temperature Change/Mass, None Table 10. Comparison between Original Substance and Residue after Heating of Temperature changes and Solubility Potassium Chloride, KCl Potassium Chlorate, KClO 3 Original Substance Residue after Heat Original Substance Residue after Heat Avg Temp Change of Solution /Mass( 0 C/g) 0.4774 9.9856 -0.1202 -1.2909 Most Frequent Solubility in Water Soluble Soluble Insoluble Soluble Table 11 Statements of Overall Patterns in Data for KCl Statements of Overall Patterns in Data for KCl greater than less than equal to

After heating, the mass of the residue was (greater than, less than, equal to) the mass of the original substance. X The average temperature change/mass of the solution for the residue was (greater than, less than, equal to) the average temperature change of the solution for the original substance. X The most frequent solubility of the residue in water was (greater than, less than, equal to) the most frequent solubility of the original substance in water. X Table 12 Statements of Overall Patterns in Data for KClO 3 Statements of Overall Patterns in Data for KClO 3 greater than less than equal to After heating, the mass of the residue was (greater than, less than, equal to) the mass of the original substance. X The absolute value of the average temperature change/mass of the solution for the residue was (greater than, less than, equal to) the temperature change of the solution for the original substance. X The solubility of the residue in water was (greater than, less than, equal to) the solubility of the original substance in water. X Table 13 Chemical or Physical Change Decision Substance Chemical Change Physical Change Potassium Chloride, KCl X

Potassium Chlorate, KClO 3 X Explain why you selected the type of change that occurs upon heating potassium chloride, KCl. The reason as to why I selected a physical change upon the heating of potassium chloride would be due to the idea of how according to Table 11, one would be able to note that the mass of the original substance and the mass of residue after heating is relatively equal to each other. One would also be able to take note that the solubility upon both the original and the heated substance maintained it equal, which in this case was soluble for both. The only difference was the fact that the average temperature change/mass of the solution for the residue was greater than compared to the average temp. change of the solution from the original substance. Therefore, one has to become aware that physical changes involve the idea of possibly having a change upon its appearance or the specific form it comes in, although the matter of the substance stays the same. As it was clearly shown and viewed within my physical characteristics all throughout the beginning and even after each number of heating. Therefore, in such a case it was a physical change because it stays consistent with the idea that the solubility stays consistent and the change within the mass of the original substance to the residue after heating. The change within the Avg. temp. change/ mass is an appropriate growth upon the definition of a physical change. Explain why you selected the type of change that occurs upon heating potassium chlorate, KClO 3 .

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

The reason as to why I selected a Chemical Change for upon heating potassium Chloride would be due to differences that did occur amongst the mass difference, average, temp change/mass, and the solubility level. For example, in Table 12 for KCL3, it was taken note that there was a less then decrease upon comparing the mass of the residue to the mass of the original substance. There was also the fact that the Average temp. change/mass was less than the temperature change of KCL3 for the original substance. As for the solubility, there was an increase upon the solubility level from the residue after heating compared to the original substance in water. Such characteristics would only be able to define a chemical change occurring, especially the change upon the solubility level that could indicate the actual change of matter within the substance. The change in its matter could have caused it to dissolve easier in the (residue after heating) with the water. The less then decrease upon its mass and the less then average temperature change/mass would also be factors indicating a change within its matter, in general. The mass difference could be explained with the idea that a chemical change always creates at least one new substance that could be responsible for such occurrence. Personal Data Table 14. Your Data Steps 1-3 Potassium Chloride, KCl Potassium Chlorate, KClO 3 Original Substance Residue after Heat Original Substance Residue after Heat Mass of Solid Used (g) 0.3663 g 0.3535 g 0.7455 g 0.6812 g Percent Change By Mass (%) 3.494 % 8.625 % Temp Change of Solution /Mass(0C/g) -4.095 -2.828 -0.6706 0.7340 Most Frequent Solubility in Water Soluble Soluble Soluble Somewhat Soluble

Type of Change: Chemical or Physical? Physical Chemical Compare and contrast your results to the class results. My data within both of my substances were relatively a little different compared to the data from the class results. For example, when it comes to comparing the percent change by mass (%), it wasn’t as huge as a change compared to the class average that obtained a 40. 56% as average. As well as when it comes to comparing the temperature change of solution/ Mass in KCL, which in my case shows a bigger negative average temp change/ Mass compared to the smaller positive temp change/ Mass portrayed for the average temp. change/ mass class data. Whereas in KCL3 it demonstrated a negative average temp change/ mass and a bigger negative avg. temp. change/mass amongst its residue after heating. Although in my data for KCL3 within the Temp change of solution/ Mass it showed a negative value moving onto a positive value for the residue after heating. The solubility levels stayed consistent and upon the same page of ideas as well as for the type of change that was viewed to occur. Overall, it did have some slight difference upon the temp. change of solution/ mass and the percent change of solution (mass). Explain why your results are not identical to the class set of findings. What are possible sources of error? The reason as to why my results are not identical to the class set of findings would mostly likely be due to such reasons like human error and possibly even instrumental error itself. Human error could have occurred in the possibility of when I was heating the substance and not allowing it enough or even maybe allowing it too much heat under the substance to occur. Instrumental error could possibly have occurred when it came to the balances used and the different measurements that were obtained for each possible substance weighed in. Another major possible source of error would have occurred with the substances itself that were being used and how that affects its potency upon how it will react within the heating itself. For example, when obtained KCL3, it was a bit too moist in the sense that it had aged a bit and had caused it to possibly crystallize quicker than what it was supposed to after the heating. There are also possibilities of procedural error that could have occurred and systematic errors when it comes to determining how close I was upon the actual value, for example, average temp. change/mass and its difference of mass (in percentage) amongst the original and the heated substance.

Table 15 Comparison of Models Yes No Is model #1 different from Model #2? X Briefly explain why Model #1 and Model #2 are the same or different. The reason as to why Model #1 is different from Model #2 would be because they do not demonstrate the same structured layer out. Such different structures do have an effect on how the solid ionic compound will react and uphold itself. For example, in Model 2 it can be said that there would be more of a stronger force being applied due to the fact that the lay out is layer out in a way where a positive atom is next to a negative atom that would then allow more of a stronger force then two positive or negative atoms together. In model one there would be seen less of a stronger force within its structure due to the idea that there are two similar charges put together that will most likely cause a possible repellent force. Suppose Model #2 was used to illustrate solid potassium chloride, KCl, at the particulate level. Table 16 Model Alteration Residue KCl Yes No

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

Does this model need to be altered to represent the residue that remains after the solid potassium chloride is heated? X Explain and describe the changes to the model or why the model does not require change. The model #2 to KCL would not be needing a required change because if we recall KCL was claimed to be a physical change where there are no new bonds or any kind of broken bonds. Therefore in such a model it would demonstrate the strong force that was held together, and that essentially not having any new bonds, due to its possible structure present as well. Although it also has a lot to due with it’s ions and how they react upon the heating process and the overall idea upon a chemical and physical change. Suppose Model #2 was used to illustrate solid potassium chlorate, KClO 3 , at the particulate level. Table 17 Model Alteration Residue KClO3 Yes No Does this model need to be altered to represent the residue that remains after the solid potassium chlorate is heated? X Explain and describe the changes to the model, or why the model does not require change. I would say that this model #2 as KCL3 would need to be altered to represent the residue that remains because within a chemical change, bonds will be newly created or broken therefore, the structure wouldn’t exactly compliment the idea of a possible chemical change and its structure. Since there are stronger forces being shown within the structure if compared to Model #1. Model #1 would possibly be more of an appropriate structure if viewed upon the difference in physical or chemical change. Although it’s not to say that the concept of physical change and chemical change require a certain structure.