Exp 4 - Emission Spectra

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Chemistry

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Feb 20, 2024

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Emission Spectra VIDEO LINKS: Lab Experiments (Write protocols and perform experiments based on these): 1. Building a Spectrometer Data analysis and calculations (Use these if you need help with your data and calculations) 1. Electromagnetic Radiation 2. Energy of Electromagnetic Radiation 3. Bohr Model Topic application videos (Watch videos and take notes): 1. Sources of Light 2. A different Kind of Firework 3. Other Sources of Energy 4. Sparklers Additional information (For the Comic-book lovers) 1. What Color is the Sun? The prelab must include Experimental Protocol, Chemical Table and Equipment Table. The lab report requires all sections (including prelab sections) to be completed in one document. Experimental Protocol (Analysis) Watch the experiment videos. Take notes on the protocol. Stop the video and re-watch as necessary to acquire the details of the procedure. Write out the protocol for each part of the experiment. (It can be written in sequential steps. Complete sentences are not necessary.) This is the protocol you will follow, so be detailed. Chemical Table (Representation) Prepare your chemical table including the materials you will use in the experiment. Here is a general template that you may use. Chemical Name Chemical Formula Molar Mass (g/mol) Hazards reference PPE Sodium Chloride NaCl 58.5 Skin irritation https://fscimage.fishersci.com/msds/21105.htm Emission Spectra is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and was authored, and/or curated by Dr. Eszter Trufan and Dr. Elene Bouhoutsos-Brown to the style and standards of the Experimentium platform.

CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 2 Equipment Table (Analysis) Identify the equipment (type AND size) needed for the experiment and include the name and an image of each. Be sure to describe the equipment, how to use it, and why it is suitable for this use. Equipment Name Equipment Picture Intended Purpose Data Collection (Acquiring competencies) Following your detailed protocol based on the videos, perform all the experiments. Record your observations and take pictures of your key steps in the process. Your observations and images need to be incorporated in your data section and this section should be as detailed as possible as you will use this information to complete your discussion. Light Source Photo/Drawing/Description of the spectrum Wavelength range of the spectrum Sun 400-800 nm Data Processing 1. (Representation) Identify 3 elements that are used to give color to sparklers and write their electron configurations in the following formats: a. Full electron configuration by filling order: b. Full electron configuration by spdf notation: c. Noble gas electron configuration by filling order: d. Noble gas electron configuration by spdf notation: 2. (Manipulation) The strongest emission line for helium is at 420 nm. Write the formula for determining the frequency of this light and show your stepwise calculations with the correct units. 3. (Manipulation) The strongest emission line for helium is at 420 nm. Write the formula for determining the energy of this light and show your stepwise calculations with the correct units. 4. (Existing knowledge, research, and views) Describe why some spectra have the full range of colors while some only give a few colored lines. 5. (Assumptions and Analysis) Fill in the following table using the observations and data from your experiments.

CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 3 Assumptions made Testing the assumption If assumptions are wrong ... The distilled water is pure Evaporate it and check for residue The density would change depending on the density of the contaminant When we look into the spectrophotometer we only see the light we are aiming at. Look at the same light source during the day and during the night.

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CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 4 Discussion Write a minimum one-page (12 font, single spaced) discussion on the experiment conducted this week. Address at least one question in each category as fully as possible integrating the collected data, providing explanations for the observed trends, and evaluating whether your original assumptions about the experiment were validated by the results. The assignment will be graded on completeness, clarity of the explanations and the meaningful integration of the collected and calculated data. Correct grammar and appropriate format for the chemical formulae and chemical reactions is expected. You may use the outline included at the end of this document on how to build your essay to address each category. 1. (Existing knowledge, research, and views) Define electromagnetic radiation in your own words and describe what a spectrophotometer does with it. 2. (Experimental design) Propose at least one more item that you could use instead of a CD to build your spectrophotometer and describe why it would be suitable. 3. (Analysis) Provide an argument for why the slit through which light enters the spectrophotometer needs to be very narrow. 4. (Analysis) Provide an argument for why it is important to cover all the slits and corners on the box before using the spectrophotometer. 5. (Analysis) Compare the spectra of the varies light sources you looked at. Identify at least one difference and at least one similarity among them. 6. (Existing knowledge, research, and views) Describe the color of the Sun and provide an argument for why in the USA children color their Sun yellow. 7. (Analysis) Identify the wavelength for yellow. Provide an explanation for choosing a number or a range. 8. (Analysis) Provide an argument for why a shirt would appear yellow. (HINT: Is the color of objects emitted or reflected?) 9. (Analysis) Provide an argument for why a lightbulb would appear yellow. (HINT: Is the color of light emitted or reflected?) 10. (Existing knowledge, research, and views) Each element has a unique spectrum that identifies it, like a fingerprint for humans. Describe how you would use your spectrophotometer to identify an element. 11. (Existing knowledge, research, and views) Each element has a unique spectrum that identifies it, like a fingerprint for humans. Describe what causes these emission spectra. 12. (Existing knowledge, research, and views) Describe how sparklers work. Provide as much detail as you deem necessary. 13. (Existing knowledge, research, and views) Identify the colors that can be produced by sparklers. Indicate the elements responsible for each color. 14. (Existing knowledge, research, and views) Using the videos as your reference, describe at least two applications for converting energy into light in as much detail as you deem necessary.

CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 5 Recommended discussion outline: Electromagnetic radiation is …. A spectrophotometer is an instrument that works by ... The parts of the spectrophotometer are … The purpose of the CD in the spectrophotometer is …. and it can be replaced with a …. because …. If the slit was widened, it would... If the inside of the box wasn’t dark, it would …. If the peephole wasn’t looking directly at the CD, we would see ... I tested the following light sources: ... The difference between the collected spectra is …., and that is due to …. The similarity between the collected spectra is …., and that is due to …. The color of the Sun is … and we observe it as … because … The difference between the perceived color of objects and light is … An element can produce a unique combination of wavelengths when it is … and then … In this experiment we assumed .... The purpose of the experiment was … By performing this experiment, I learned ...

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