Lab week 2

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Georgia State University *

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Feb 20, 2024

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BIOS251 OL, Week 2 Lab Name: OL Lab 2: Protein Denaturation Learning Objectives:  Understand how protein denaturation.  Understand how interactions between side groups influence the protein structure  Understand the chemical and physical causes of protein denaturation  Understand the results of protein denaturation Introduction : Proteins are one of the major biomolecules in the body. It has to maintain its proper shape and structure for it to be functional biomolecule. Protein’s structure can be disrupted due to many factors. In this simulation you will explore how chemical and physical factors cause protein denaturation. You will perform various experiments using ovalbumin, the primary protein found in eggs, in order to understand the chemical and physical causes of protein denaturation. Will you be able to unravel the factors that affect a protein molecule? Part 1: Complete Labster Protein Denaturation Part 2: Report and Reflection Purpose: Describe in your own words and in complete sentences, the purpose of this experiment. The purpose of this experiment is to understand the way proteins can change their structure and how they are affected by chemical and physical factors. Factors such as pH, temperature, and other conditions can affect the structure and function of the protein ovalbumin which is primary found in eggs and through the simulation we can see how they affect the structure and function of the protein. Observations: List 3 observations you have made in this simulation.  During the simulation when you whisk the egg whites in the bowl the cooper ions stabilized the egg whites.

BIOS251 OL, Week 2 Lab Name:  Water remained neutral at all times as the ph always remained at 7.0 no matter what was added.  Denaturation is sped up by kinetic energy when the beaker was placed on heat plate Answer all the questions below: 1. List out four abundant elements found in the body and state their contribution to body functions. (2 points) The Four abundant elements found in the body are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.  Carbon: Forms the backbone of organic molecules, crucial for creating compounds like carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids.  Hydrogen forms chemical bonds that hold molecules together.  Oxygen: Is crucial for cellular respiration and energy production and metabolism  Nitrogen: Is a component of proteins and nucleic acids (DNA, RNA), vital for growth and repair of tissues. 2. How does the protein shape determine its function? (1 point ) The protein shape decides its function by making specific active sites that allow the protein to bond to other molecules. The shape allows a protein to perform specific functions, such as catalyzing biochemical responses (enzymes), transporting molecules, providing support, or acting as signaling molecules.

BIOS251 OL, Week 2 Lab Name: 3. What are enzymes and how does pH and temperature affect enzymatic activity? (3 points) Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions without being consumed. A change in pH can alter the charges on the enzyme and affect its ability to bind to substrate molecules. An increase in temperature can also affect the shape of the enzyme and make it less active . 4. List 3 enzymes that function at different pH in our body. ( 3 points) Pepsin, Chymotrypsin, and Catalase 5. Reflection: Reflect on at least 2 key concepts you have learned from this simulation. How would you relate it to the physiological functions of the body? Biggest thing Learned was that protein denaturation can be caused by both chemical and physiological factors. Changes in temperature and ph can cause the protein to lose its shape and affect the way it can function. The other concept is how the shape of a protein determines its function, and any changes in the shape can affect its ability to perform its intended function.

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BIOS251 OL, Week 2 Lab Name: Grading Rubric: Activity Deliverable Points Part 1 Complete simulation 15 Part 2 Complete lab report and answer questions  Purpose (1 point)  Observation (3 points)  Questions (9 points)  Reflection (2 points) 15 Total Complete all lab activities 30

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