LAB REPORT MODULE 5
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HOANG HUU NHAT NGUYEN
Panther id: 6440403
CHM
1045L
General Chemistry Lab I
Section number: U3M
TA name: Rodrigo Lacau
CHM 1045L Lab Report for Module 5
Title of Experiment: Investigation of a Powder
Introduction: Pouring the sample to be separated over filter paper using filtration allows
the liquid to pass through while keeping the solid on the paper in this experiment. The part that collects on the filter paper is known as the precipitate, whereas the liquid portion obtained during this cycle is known as the filtrate. This method is particularly helpful when different compounds have varying degrees of solubility. Using a filter medium that allows the fluid to pass through while holding onto the solid particles, solid
particles in a liquid or gaseous fluid are extracted through the process of filtration. The desired product could be either the clarified fluid or the solid
particles extracted from the fluid
(The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica, 2017). In addition, NASA states that "precipitate" refers to a force that is framed due to a precipitation response, and "gravity" is the ability of a planet or other body to pull objects toward its center (Anne, 2020). Furthermore, one filtering technique used to separate a strong from a fluid
is vacuum filtration. A strain differential is created between the various sides of a channel paper or layer surface to achieve partition. By using a vacuum siphon to remove air from the getting chamber beneath the channel paper, the strain contrast is achieved. The strong particles are trapped on the paper's surface as the fluid passes through the channel paper. The leftover liquid will either stay at the bottom of the flask or be moved to a bigger waste container. Filter paper is a semi-porous paper film that is also used to remove strong particles from gases or liquids. Its excellent filtration and assimilation qualities come in handy during the division process. Since cotton strands are used to make the majority of them, they are composed of cellulose. Channel paper is made in different
ways for different objects. The purpose of the experiment is to measure the mass of precipitate that is obtained by suction filtration using a mixture of BaSO4 and CuSO4.5H2O. This experiment aims to give students a better understanding of how suction filtration functions. Students will also be able to weigh the precipitate they obtain and learn how to produce precise, high-yield precipitates.
RESULTS: Data Table 1
Unknown
number: 81
Observation of unknown: white and blue
Weight of beaker
49.010g
Weight of beaker + unknown sample
53.930g
Weight of unknown sample used
4.92g
Weight of watch glass + filter paper
39.645g
Weight of watch glass + filter paper + precipitate
42.470g
Weight of precipitate
2.825g
RESULTS & DATA ANALYSIS:
Weight of unknown sample used
= (
Weight of beaker + unknown sample) – (Weight of beaker) = 53.930 g - 49.010 g = 4.92 g
Weight of the precipitate collected :
=(Weight of watch glass + filter paper + precipitate) – (Weight of watch glass + filter paper)
= 42.470g - 39.645g = 2.825g
Percentage of the precipitate
:
%ppt= part
whole
×
100%
=
Weight of precipitate
Weightof unknown sampleused
×
100%
=
2.875
g
4.92
g
×
100%
=
57.4%
Percentage of the filtrate compound in the unknown
:
%filtrate = 100% - (%ppt)= 100% - 57.4% = 42.6%
Discussion/Conclusion:
The results obtained after filtering were as follows: The white and blue precipitate was BaSO4, while the blue filtered solution was CuSO4.5H2O.
Because Barium Sulfate was insoluble in the solution mixture, while Copper sulfate pentahydrate was soluble, it passed through the filter paper easily. The recovery of the precipitate was especially impacted by the use of a vacuum to work with the filtration cycle. The solid precipitate is retained while the filtrate moves quickly through the filter paper thanks to the vacuum's external pressure. My research leads me to the conclusion that the precipitate loses mass and weighs less than the original powder as it is filtered out of the unknown. Merely 57.4% of the powder remained after the filtrate was filtered. The percent composition of
the unknown decreases 42.6% when the filtrate is vacuumed out of the precipitate using a suction filtration apparatus. Suction filtration aids in separating soluble from insoluble substances and in figuring out how soluble a mixture is. It was influenced by key factors such as:
Recovery of the Precipitate: (Libretexts, 2022) Understanding that a loss of recovery is unavoidable during the filtration process is crucial. A portion of the desired compound will always remain dissolved in the chemical and be filtered away during the process, even with best efforts to maximize crystal yield. Both mechanical factors and the process design's inherent limitations are to blame for this loss. Unavoidably, some of the relevant compound will escape the precipitate and stay in solution. For example, the filtrate the liquid that goes through the filter paper may still contain some of the dissolved compound during suction filtration, when we recover the crystallized solid. When the filtrate maintains the compound's color or other characteristics, this is clear. Furthermore, a residue will always remain on glassware, filter paper, and other surfaces even after meticulous collection. The total recovery may be impacted by the residue's potential compound traces.
Leaving the Precipitate in the Oven
: Accurate results depend on the precipitate being dried properly. If the precipitate is overexposed in the oven (Libretexts, 2022b):
-Overdrying may happen, which results in the loss of hydrated water or volatile components. The precipitate's mass is impacted by this.
-The precipitate's density and composition may change if it becomes excessively porous.
-Prolonged exposure to heat can cause structural changes like cracks.
-In severe circumstances, the precipitate may disintegrate and produce inaccurate findings.
Not Drying the Precipitate
: (Libretexts, 2022c) Determining the precipitate's percent composition is greatly impacted by incomplete drying. Other volatile species or water molecules (hydration water) may be retained by the precipitate. This unaccounted mass has an impact on the overall composition when determining the % composition. The precipitate's mass is utilized to calculate the composition percentage. If
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the precipitate is not completely dried, the composition that is calculated will be higher than what is actually found. In conclusion, successful gravimetric analysis depends on a thorough understanding of the inherent limitations of crystallization, precise control over drying conditions, and guaranteed complete recovery. It is important to handle precipitates carefully in order to reduce losses and obtain precise percent compositions.
References/Citations:
Citation:
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. (2017, March 22). Filtration | Definition,
Examples, & Processes
. Encyclopedia Britannica https://www.britannica.com/science/filtration-chemistry
Helmenstine, A. M., PhD. (2020, January 10). Precipitate definition and example in chemistry
. ThoughtCo. https://www.thoughtco.com/definition-of-precipitate-604612
What is gravity? | NASA Space Place – NASA Science for Kids
. (n.d.). https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/what-is
gravity/en/#:~:text=The%20answer%20is%20gravity
%3A%20an,and%20what%20makes%20things%20fall
S
ources of error
:
Libretexts. (2022, April 7). 3.4D: the unavoidable loss of recovery
. Chemistry LibreTexts. https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_Lab
_Techniques_(Nichols)/03%3A_Crystallization/3.04%3A_Crystallization_Theory/
3.4D%3A_The_Unavoidable_Loss_of_Recovery
Libretexts. (2022b, October 30). 8.2: Precipitation gravimetry
. Chemistry LibreTexts. https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Analytical_Chemistry_
2.1_(Harvey)/08%3A_Gravimetric_Methods/8.02%3A_Precipitation_Gravimetry
Libretexts. (2022c, October 30). 8.2: Precipitation gravimetry
. Chemistry LibreTexts. https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Analytical_Chemistry_
2.1_(Harvey)/08%3A_Gravimetric_Methods/8.02%3A_Precipitation_Gravimetry
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