Lab Report 4 OAcylation

Question 5

Can you please help me out with my assignment questions. Thank you

Question #40 needed

Why aldehydes and ketones do not undergo nucleophilic substitution reaction?

organic chemistry 37) The most reactive towards nucleophilic acyl substitution is:

Questions 21 and 22

Show how you would synthesize each compound from benzene, toluene, or phenol using the following reactions: Reactions 1. Halogenation 2. Nitration 3. Sulfonation 4. Friedel-Crafts acylation 5. Friedel-Crafts alkylation 6. Oxidation of methyl group 7. Reduction of nitro group • Choose the starting material from the drop-down list • Enter the number(s) of the desired reactions in the order that you wish to use them without commas between • If a reaction is used more than once, enter its number each time you wish to use it Compound 1: 5-chloro-2-methylbenzenesulfonic acid Starting material: toluene Reaction(s): 31 Compound 2: m-bromobenzoic acid Starting material: [benzene Reaction(s): Submit Answer Try Another Version 1 item attempt remaining

Which of the following compounds is the most reactive towards nucleophilic attack? a Ос Od Oe O b a. H b. C. d. NH2 e. ia CI

11:39 AM Wed Feb 9 - © 20% I Question 37 of 40 Submit Draw the major product of this reaction. Ignore inorganic byproducts. OH Na2Cr2O7 H2SO4, H2O Select to Draw

Kindly answer this question

Dr@w a carbene and explain how it can function as a nucleophile or electrophile.

which one is limiting reagent？？

1. Br₂, PBrg 2. H₂O H₂C OH H3C OH Br The a-bromination of carbonyl compounds by Br₂ in acetic acid is limited to aldehydes and ketones because acids, esters, and amides don't enolize to a sufficient extent. Carboxylic acids, however, can be a-brominated by first converting the carboxylic acid to an acid bromide by treatment with PBr3. Following enolization of the acid bromide, Br₂ reacts in an α- substitution reaction. Hydrolysis of the acid bromide completes the reaction. Draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in this step of the mechanism. Arrow-pushing Instructions H3C :0: :0::Br: Br Br H3C CO-P H Br Br

For each of the reactions indicate which reactant is the nucleophile and which is the electrophile.

Which compound undergoes the fastest nucleophilic acyl substitution? A. В. D. C. O,N O,N NO2 O A O B O'C OD MacBook Pro G Search or type URL %23 24 & 3 4 7 8. E

6. Provide reagents and intermediates in the indicated boxes to complete the reaction scheme. + H NaBH3CN, HCI (two steps, no acidic hydrolysis, from one product) 016H (w/o heat) 1. MeLi (xs) 2. HCI, H₂O NH₂ 1. Saponification 2. A 0 1. MeMgBr (xs) 2. HCI, H₂O 018 Me NH₂ 1. Dibal H, 2. H3O+ POCk3, pyr or + 1. LIAIH(O'Bu)3 (XS) 2. acidic workup

Complete the electrophilic aromatic substitution mechanisms with the necessary substances!

Starting material options: benzene, toluene, phenol

Help answers and draw reactions

a. The carbonyl group of an amide is less reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reactions because of the so-called amide resonance interaction of nitrogen lone pair (RC=ONR’2 → RC- O=NR2). (Relative reactivities of carbonyl compounds, increasing reactivity: nitriles < amides < esters, acids << ketones < aldehydes < acid chlorides.) However, the amides formed from imidazole (N- acylimidazoles) are highly reactive, and can be used to deliver acyl groups in much the same way as "active" esters, acid anhydrides and acid chlorides. An advantage to using N-acylimidazoles is that the imidazole that is released serves a base so additional base does not need to be added. Imidazole amides have been used in peptide and nucleoside chemistry to attach -amino acid residues to alcohols and amines. Using N-propanoylimidazole and N,N-dimethylpropanamide as examples explain why the imidazole amide is a good acylating agent. b. The amide functional group is one of the more stable carbonyl containing…