Homework 3 - Solutions
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ChE 466: Winter 2023-2024
Homework Assignment #3: 100 points total
Solutions
1.
(10 points) True or False Toxicity of a material can be reduced by application of appropriate preventive and/or mitigative barriers.
2.
(30 points total, 10 points each) A survey of a laboratory identifies the following chemicals are in use: Sodium Chloride, Sodium Hydroxide (0.5M), and Phenol. Using online GHS SDS, identify following for each chemical – provide SDS used:
a)
2 hazard classes
with corresponding categories
b)
Signal word(s)
c)
2 hazard statements
d)
2 precautionary statements
e)
Manufacturer’s information (Name & phone #) Answers here will depend on the SDS the student pulls from the internet – check their answers against the SDSs which I asked them to upload with their homework. My answers below come from the SDS I provided with the solutions. There are a max of 10 points possible for each chemical – each item (a-e) is worth 2 points each – if they are missing item completely (-2 points), if partial (-1 point)
Sodium Chloride
a)
Not a hazardous substance
b)
No Signal Word
c)
No Hazard Statements
d)
No Precautionary Statements
e)
Sigma-Aldrich Inc. (314) 771-5765
Sodium Hydroxide (0.5M)
a)
Corrosive to metals (Category 1) Skin corrosion (Category 1B) Serious Eye Damage (Category 1)
b)
Danger
c)
May be corrosive to metals H290
Causes severe skin burns and eye damage H314
d)
P234 Keep only in original container.
P264 Wash skin thoroughly after handling.
P280 Wear protective gloves/ protective clothing/ eye protection/ face
protection.
P301 + P330 + P331 IF SWALLOWED: Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting.
P303 + P361 + P353 IF ON SKIN (or hair): Take off immediately all contaminated
clothing. Rinse skin with water/ shower.
P304 + P340 + P310 IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable
for breathing. Immediately call a POISON CENTER/ doctor.
P305 + P351 + P338 + P310 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue
rinsing. Immediately call a POISON CENTER/ doctor.
P363 Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.
P390 Absorb spillage to prevent material damage.
P405 Store locked up.
P406 Store in corrosive resistant container with a resistant inner
liner.
P501 Dispose of contents/ container to an approved waste disposal
e)
Sigma-Aldrich Inc. (314) 771-5765
Phenol
a)
Acute oral toxicity Category 3
Acute dermal toxicity Category 3
Acute Inhalation Toxicity - Dusts and Mists Category 3
Skin Corrosion/Irritation Category 1 B
Serious Eye Damage/Eye Irritation Category 1
Germ Cell Mutagenicity Category 2
Specific target organ toxicity (single exposure) Category 3
Target Organs - Respiratory system.
Specific target organ toxicity - (repeated exposure) Category 1
Target Organs - Liver, Kidney, Blood, Central nervous system (CNS).ss
b)
Danger
c)
Causes severe skin burns and eye damage
May cause respiratory irritation
May cause drowsiness or dizziness
Suspected of causing genetic defects
Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure
Toxic if swallowed, in contact with skin or if inhaled
d)
Obtain special instructions before use
Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood
Use personal protective equipment as required
Wash face, hands and any exposed skin thoroughly after handling
Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product
Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area
Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapors/spray
Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. - No smoking
Keep cool
Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician
IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing
Wash contaminated clothing before reuse
IF ON SKIN (or hair): Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water/shower
IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if
present and easy to do. Continue rinsing
Rinse mouth
Do NOT induce vomiting
In case of fire: Use CO2, dry chemical, or foam for extinction
Store locked up
Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed
Dispose of contents/container to an approved waste disposal plant
e)
Fisher Scientific Company (201) 796-7100
3.
(20 points) An air mixture contains 4 ppm of carbon tetrachloride, 25 ppm of 1,1-
dichloroethane, 5 ppm of diethyl amine, 20 ppm of cyclohexanol, and 10 ppm of propylene oxide. Determine the mixture TLV and determine if this TLV has been exceeded.
Use the following TLV data:
C
i
:
C
/(TLV-TWA)
i
Carbon Tetrachloride:
5 ppm
4 ppm
0.80
1,1-Dichloroethane:
100 ppm
25 ppm
0.25
Diethyl Amine:
5 ppm
5 ppm
1.00
Cyclohexanol:
50 ppm
20 ppm
0.40
Propylene Oxide:
2 ppm
10 ppm
5.00
Sum of C
i
= [4 + 25 + 5 + 20 + 10] = 64 ppm
Using Eq 1 on slide 16 of Lecture 5:
Sum of C
i
/(TLV-TWA)
= [0.80 + 0.25 + 1.00 + 0.40 + 5.00]=7.45 which is > 1 indicating workers are over exposed
Using Eq 2 on slide 16 of Lecture 5:
(Sum of C
)/(Sum of C
i
/(TLV-TWA)
) = 64 ppm / 7.45= 8.59 ppm = TLV-TWA
mix
Sum C
i
(64 ppm) is > 8.59 indicating workers are over exposed.
4.
(10 points) Provide two (2) examples of potential energy hazard sources. Below are Prof Brown’s initial thoughts – if students propose others not listed – review with Prof Brown for credit determination.
a.
Springs
b.
Capacitors
c.
Suspended Loads
5.
(10 points) Due to COVID-19 pandemic, a manufacturing location is required to continue operating with all leaders and engineers working only remotely for 6 months. Select one
element from Pillar 3 of RPBS model and discuss how the element would be impacted by requirement and ways these impacts could be lessened or overcome. Prof Brown will need to review student answers and grade this homework item.
6.
(10 points) Considering the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant event summarized at the beginning of Chapter 3 in the course textbook – What actions could have been taken to reduce the risk of this incident? Below are Prof Brown’s initial thoughts – if students propose others not listed – review with Professor Brown for credit determination.
i.
Emergency Diesel Generators [EDGs] could have all been moved to higher locations and reinforced to ensure their survival for worst earthquake/tsunami potential
ii.
Batteries could have been moved to higher locations to ensure their survival for worst earthquake/tsunami
iii.
Develop Emergency Response Plan for total power loss and then train, communicate, and drill so all potential roles are knowledgeable of plan actions
iv.
Review locations of water used for cooling and determine if there are ways
to reinforce them and ensure they are re-filled as they empty – rather than
having to wait on an operator to refill
v.
Address issue with auto shutdown occurring too quickly in some instances so that the emergency cooling does not have to be monitored and adjusted manually by operators
7.
(10 points) Given below AEGL information for Methyl Isocyanate - determine the concentration at which life is threatened at only 10 min of exposure. 1.2ppm
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