DGD4_NZ

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University of Ottawa *

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Nov 24, 2024

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1 uOttawa.ca uOttawa.ca CHM3122: Applications of Spectroscopy DGD4, October 3 rd 5:30 pm Presented by: Niayesh Zarifi
2 nzarifi@uottawa.ca Midterm 1 Question3 An EI mass spectrum was recorded of the following compound. For each of the following provide a structure and mass. a) Provide a mechanism for the formation of the two fragments that result from a -cleavage, together with the structure and mass of the resulting ions. b) Provide a mechanism for the formation of a fragment that results from loss of NH 2 , together with the structure and mass of the resulting ion. c) Provide a mechanism for the formation of a fragment that results from loss of NH 3 , together with the structure and mass of the resulting ion.
3 nzarifi@uottawa.ca
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4 nzarifi@uottawa.ca Midterm 1 Question 5 Circle the molecule that gave rise to the spectrum below.
5 nzarifi@uottawa.ca Interpreting IR spectra 5) Look for aldehyde C—H (2800-2700 cm -1 , medium to weak)
6 nzarifi@uottawa.ca Medium/ weak bands that might be useful
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7 nzarifi@uottawa.ca Trends (mainly for C=O) Increased wavenumber – Shorter C—O bond (stronger bond) – Inductive effects (EWG) – Increase in s character (ring strain) Decreased wavenumber Decrease in double bond character Delocalization through resonance
8 nzarifi@uottawa.ca Midterm 1 Question 6 Circle the molecule that gave rise to the spectrum shown below. The values on the x axis are not available.
9 nzarifi@uottawa.ca Midterm 1 Question 7 Predict the absorption maximum wavelengths for the following molecules.
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10 nzarifi@uottawa.ca Midterm 1 Question 7 Predict the absorption maximum wavelengths for the following molecules.
11 nzarifi@uottawa.ca Midterm 1 Question 7 Predict the absorption maximum wavelengths for the following molecules.
12 nzarifi@uottawa.ca Midterm 1 Question 8
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13 nzarifi@uottawa.ca Midterm 1 Question 8
14 nzarifi@uottawa.ca Midterm 1 Question 8
15 nzarifi@uottawa.ca Midterm 1 Question 8
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16 nzarifi@uottawa.ca Midterm 1 Question 9 An unknown compound produces the following mass spectrum and infrared spectrum. 1. a) Identify the molecular formula of the molecule. Be sure to show your work and any associated calculations ( 4 Points ) 2. b) Identify 4 possible structures that match your molecular formula. Be sure to show your work and any associated calculations. (6 points) 3. c) Use the indicated ions to identify which of your molecules in part b is the most likely structure. Be sure to show why this molecule is the best choice, while the others are less likely to be the actual compound ( 6 points )
17 nzarifi@uottawa.ca
18 nzarifi@uottawa.ca NMR Terminology Larmor frequency ( v L ) : resonant frequency of a nucleus at a given magnetic field strength Magnetogyric ratio (ɣ) : how sensitive the nucleus is (constant for each nucleus) Magnetic field strength (B 0 ) : strength of the magnet, measured in Tesla Note that the most common way to refer to an NMR instrument is by the Larmor frequency of a 1H nucleus (proton) at its magnetic field strength! Common: 200, 300, 400, 500, 600 MHz
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19 nzarifi@uottawa.ca NMR Equations Relates magnetic field strength (in T) to Larmor frequency Convert from Hz to ppm Convert from ppm to Hz
20 nzarifi@uottawa.ca 1 H (Proton) NMR Chemical shift (∂ ): the environment; how shielded/ deshielded your nucleus is Integration : how many hydrogen atoms your peak represents Multiplicity : tells you about the SURROUNDING hydrogen atoms
21 nzarifi@uottawa.ca Multiplicity Coupling/ multiplicity in CHM2120 is simple: we assume all protons are the same, and use the n+1 rule freely This is sometimes true, but is often not the case We need to consider chemical and magnetic equivalence
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22 nzarifi@uottawa.ca Chemical equivalence Protons are subjected to the same chemical environment – Are they on the same carbon atom? – Same chemical shift You MUST consider symmetry and free bond rotation
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23 nzarifi@uottawa.ca Magnetic equivalence Two protons MUST be chemically equivalent to be magnetically equivalent Two protons must couple identically to surrounding protons (more on this in coming weeks)
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24 nzarifi@uottawa.ca Substitution test A set of ”tests” to determine if protons are homotopic, enantiotopic, or diastereotopic Excellent resource here Can help identify chemical and magnetic equivalency The more you practice, the easier this will be to spot right away!
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25 nzarifi@uottawa.ca The test 1. Consider the following molecule. We want to determine if the protons in red are equivalent. 2. Redraw the molecule twice, substituting each proton with something else:
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26 nzarifi@uottawa.ca The test 3. Compare the pair of molecules If they are: Identical: the protons are homotopic Enantiomers: the protons are enantiotopic Diastereomers: the protons are diastereotopic
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27 nzarifi@uottawa.ca What does it mean? Homotopic: magnetically equivalent Enantiotopic: magnetically equivalent, unless in a chiral solvent Diastereotopic: not chemically equivalent
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28 nzarifi@uottawa.ca Pople notation Each proton is given a letter If the protons have similar chemical shifts, they’re labelled with adjacent letters of the alphabet (AB, ABC, etc.) If the protons have very different chemical shifts, their letters should be separated in the alphabet (AX, AMX, etc) If two protons are chemically (but not magnetically) equivalent, they’re labelled as AA’ If n protons are magnetically equivalent, they’re labelled as A n More information here
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29 nzarifi@uottawa.ca Question 1 Calculate the magnetic field strength and the Larmor frequency of 13C in a 300 MHz spectrometer.
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30 nzarifi@uottawa.ca Assignment 6 Question 1 How many signals would be expected in the 1 H NMR of the following molecules?
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31 nzarifi@uottawa.ca Question 4 Explain difference in chemical shift:
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